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1、乳腺癌新輔助治療的共識和爭論,華中科技大學同濟醫(yī)學院同濟醫(yī)院張 林,新輔助化療,Improve Surgical OptionsObtain Information on ResponseObtain Long Term Disease Free Control,Haagensen和Stout2001年NSABP B-18,臨床II,III期乳腺癌患者I期患者行新輔助化療的意義商不確定 IV期患者化療為姑息化療,而非新輔助化療的適應癥對隱匿性乳腺癌行新輔助化療也是可行的,療 效,臨床總體療效達到60%90%,5%患者可能進展,3%30%達到病理完全緩解(pCR),化療聯(lián)合赫賽汀方案對HER-2
2、過表達患者pCR達到50%左右。,可手術的乳腺癌患者,隨機,I,II,AC4,AC 4,手術,手術,新輔助化療是否有生存期優(yōu)勢?NSABP B-18 研究,n=757,n=747,新輔助化療可以帶來顯著近期療效術前化療組獲得更高的手術治療機會Preoperation:67.8%Postoperation:59.8%長期生存未顯示優(yōu)勢:DFS,DDFS,OS均無統(tǒng)計學差異,新輔助化療是否有生存期優(yōu)勢?NSABP B-18 研究,DFS,DDFS,0S,新輔助化療是否有生存期優(yōu)勢?NSABP B-18 研究,CR是新輔助化療生存獲益的標志:新輔助化療組隨訪9年結果:pCR患者的DFS:85%(術后
3、殘留患者DFS:73%)pCR患者的OS:75%(術后殘留患者OS:58%),DFS,RFS,DDFS,OS,多西紫杉醇新輔助研究: NSABP B-27 研究,40%,45%,100%,80%,60%,40%,20%,0,P 0.001,AC(1502 pts),AC Taxotere (687 pts),65%,26%,cCRcPRcNR,14%,9%,85%,91%,NSABP B-27 : cCR,%,*p0.001 for test of heterogeneity across groups,n=764,n=767,12.8%*,26.1%*,14.3%*,n=775,NSABP
4、B-27 : pCR,NSABP B-27,OS,DFS,各組間DFS,OS無統(tǒng)計學差異,有無pCR患者的DFS和OS具有統(tǒng)計學差異,新輔助化療收益患者群特征pCRpCR的定義是手術切除標本中原發(fā)灶和腋下淋巴結(ALN)同時均無浸潤性癌殘留,CR是新輔助治療的評估指標(臨床試驗),1. Fisher, et al. JCO 1997; 2. Fisher, et al. JCO 19983. Wolmark, et al. JNCI Monogr 20014. Kuerer, et al. Ann Surg 19995. Rouzier, et al. JCO 2002; 6. Bear, e
5、t al. JCO 2006,A = doxorubicin; C = cyclophosphamideDDFS = distant disease-free survivalDoc = docetaxel; F = 5-fluorouracil; M = methotrexate,pCR is the ultimate measure of response in the neoadjuvant settingcurrently the best surrogate for elimination of distant microscopic metastatic disease1pCR h
6、as been identified as a prognostic factor for survival2Response to neoadjuvant therapy as determined by pCR may have utility in clinical practice for tailoring treatment to the individual patient3however, evidence for the benefit of this approach is inconclusive, and this use remains investigational
7、 at present1,3,1. Makhoul & Kiwan. J Surg Oncol 2011 2. Wolmark, et al. JNCI Monogr 20013. Debled & Mauriac. Ann Oncol 2010,pCR = pathological complete response,CR是新輔助治療的評估指標,新輔助化療方案和療程,目前輔助化療的有效方案均可作為新輔助化療方案,NCCN:輔助化療的有效方案均可作為新輔助化療方案以蒽環(huán)類為主的方案:CAF, FAC,AC,F(xiàn) EC,CEF蒽環(huán)與紫杉聯(lián)合方案:A(E)T,TA(E)C蒽環(huán)與紫杉續(xù)貫方案:AC-P
8、或AC-T其它含蒽環(huán)類的化療方案:NE(N:長春瑞濱)若2周期化療后腫瘤無變化或反而增大時,需更換化療方案或采用其它方法。,新 輔 助 化 療 的 方 案,中國抗癌協(xié)會乳腺癌診治指南與規(guī)范(2008版),蒽環(huán)仍然是基石作用紫杉類化療藥物可以提高pCR,目前比較一致的觀點:新輔助化療的療程數(shù)是46個周期,序貫方案可以到8個周期,新輔助內(nèi)分泌治療可以達到9個月左右。從臨床研究結果分析:不足4個療程新輔助化療pCR率:15%,新 輔 助 化 療 的 療程,三陰性乳腺癌新輔助化療方案的選擇HER2(+)乳腺癌新輔助化療方案的選擇,三陰性乳腺癌新輔助化療方案的選擇HER2(+)乳腺癌新輔助化療方案的選擇
9、,三陰性乳腺癌患者新輔助化療的療效和長期生存結果JCO,2008,111118例,MD.Anderson(255 TN) TN的pCR高于非TN。有殘留病灶TN的生存率低于非TN。特別是頭三年。,Efficacy of Neoadjuvant Cisplantin in Triple-Negative Breast CancerJCO,2010,28,114528例TN,Cisplantin 75mg/m24部分TN,單藥順鉑有效。BRCA1低表達可鑒別出順鉑敏感的TN。,Assessment of an RNA interference screen-derived mitotic and
10、ceramide pathway metagene as a predictor of response to neoadjuvant paclitaxel for primary triple-negative breast cancer: a retrospective analysis of five clinical trialsThe Lancet Oncology,1 March 2010 Dr Charles Swanton 829 genes , neoadjuvant chemoThe paclitaxel response metagenes,Early Online Pu
11、blication,三陰性乳腺癌新輔助化療方案的選擇HER2(+)乳腺癌新輔助化療方案的選擇選擇含herceptin的方案證實能改善生存,pCR rates with neoadjuvant trastuzumab regimens (16 studies, 1,221 patients),Definition of pCR may vary between studies*Cap was given either concurrently or sequentially with Doc + T,0,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100,pCR (%),Antn, e
12、t al. 2007 (N=26),My + Doc + T,Untch, et al. 2010* (N=445),EC + T Doc + T Cap T,Coudert, et al. 2007 (N=70),Doc + T,Marty, et al. 2007 (N=30),EC Doc + T,Limentani, et al. 2007 (N=31),Doc + V + T (including IBC),Bines, et al. 2003 (N=32),Doc + T,Burstein, et al. 2003 (N=40),Pac + T (including IBC),Ke
13、lly, et al. 2006 (N=37),AC Pac + T (including IBC),Harris, et al. 2003 (N=40),V + T (including IBC),Hurley, et al. 2002 (N=48),Doc + cisplatin + T (including IBC),Tripathy, et al. 2007 (N=28),Pac + Cap + T,Lybaert, et al. 2006 (N=25),X + D + T,Buzdar, et al. 2007 (N=45),Pac FEC + T,Pernas, et al. 20
14、07 (N=33),Pac FEC + T,Gianni, et al. 2010 (N=117),APac Pac CMF + T (including IBC),Untch, et al. 2005 (N=217),EC Pac + T (including IBC),Cap = capecitabine; FEC = 5-FU + epirubicin + cyclophosphamide; IBC = inflammatory BC; My = Myocet; T = trastuzumab; V = vinorelbine; X = capecitabine,乳腺癌新輔助靶向治療,C
15、R是新輔助靶向治療的評估指標,TECHNO-test: phase II study of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and trastuzumab,TECHNO: pCR is a prognostic factor for both DFS and OS in HER2-positive eBC,Untch, et al. JCO 2011,pCRNo pCR,1.00.80.60.40.20,DFS probability,Time (months),06121824303642485460,Log-rank p=0.0033,No. at riskpCR8479
16、626247177no pCR1331189684653314,No. at riskpCR8479615743165no pCR1331188676562710,1.00.80.60.40.20,OS probability,Time (months),Log-rank p=0.0074,pCRNo pCR,06121824303642485460,What is prognostic factor for DFS&OS after neoadjuvant therapy?,Untch M, et al. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Jul 25. Epub ahead of pr
17、int,CR是新輔助靶向治療的評估指標,新輔助治療中曲妥珠單抗聯(lián)合化療可提高pCR,NOAH研究:43% vs 23%;GeparQuattro 研究:45.5% vs 20.6%,2010 SABCS 新輔助試驗,新輔助治療,輔助治療,曲妥珠單抗和/或帕妥珠單抗+/- 多西它賽,拉帕替尼 和 /或 曲妥珠單抗,紫杉醇 +拉帕替尼 和/或 曲妥珠單抗,拉帕替尼和/或曲妥珠單抗(完成滿1年治療),0,-24,52,12,21,70,www.clinicaltrials.gov,Neo ALTTO(III期),NEOSPHERE(II期),周,FEC, 5-氟尿嘧啶 + 表柔比星 + 環(huán)磷酰胺*多
18、西它賽僅給予其中未接受 化療新輔助治療的患者,曲妥珠單抗 + FEC (3 周期) (完成滿1年治療),曲妥珠單抗 (完成滿1年治療),SURGERY,-12,-18,FEC (3 周期),FEC (3 周期),多西它賽* (4周期),表柔比星 +環(huán)磷酰胺 + 曲妥珠單抗 或拉帕替尼,多西它賽 + 曲妥珠單抗或拉帕替尼,曲妥珠單抗(共計1年治療),GeparQuinto (III期),新試驗設計的總結(新輔助治療階段),評估雙重HER2阻斷療效的新輔助試驗:NEOSPHERE和NEOALTTO,NEOSPHERE: trastuzumab and pertuzumab n=417,NEOALT
19、TO: trastuzumab + lapatinib n=450,評估雙重HER2阻斷療效的新輔助試驗:NEOSPHERE和NEOALTTO,雙重靶向聯(lián)合化療達到最大病理完全緩解獲益,Pac + L Pac + T Pac + L + T,Patients with pCR (%),24.7,29.5,51.3,P0.05,Gianni, et al. SABCS 2010,NEOALTTO,NEOSPHERE,Doc + T Doc + T + P T + P Doc + P,29.0,45.8,16.8,24.0,p=0.0141,p=0.003,p=0.0198,評估雙重HER2阻斷療
20、效的新輔助試驗:NEOSPHERE和NEOALTTO,雙重HER2 阻斷、不加化療: 能達到一定的病理完全緩解獲益,且在HR陽性的患者中更明顯達到治愈目標是否已經(jīng)到了可以摒棄化療?,NOAH 試驗等提示新輔助治療中曲妥珠單抗聯(lián)合化療可提高pCRpCR是新輔助治療的評估指標(TECHNO試驗)曲妥珠單抗加CT較拉帕替尼加CT用于新輔助治療中獲得更高的pCR率曲妥珠單抗同時顯示比拉帕替尼更好的獲益:風險比曲妥珠單抗聯(lián)合其他抗HER2靶向治療藥(lapatinib or pertuzumab)是HER2陽性乳腺癌治療潛在的治療選擇(NeoALTTO and NeoSphere),1. Gianni,
21、 et al. Lancet 2010; 2. Untch, et al. SABCS 20103. Baselga, et al. SABCS 2010; 4. Gianni, et al. SABCS 2010,療效預測和爭論,CR臨床、病理、分子指標個體化預測新輔助化療pCR率,分子亞型,Tacca回顧分析420例新輔助后有殘留腫瘤組織乳腺癌新輔助前:受體(+):65%(275/420),受體(-):35%新輔助后:受體發(fā)生改變:23% 受體改變者生存期優(yōu)于不變者(-)變?yōu)椋?):42%(61例),且同時改善DFS;(+)變?yōu)椋?):13%(37例)其他新輔助化療臨床研究也發(fā)現(xiàn)有效病例:
22、化療前后腫瘤分子標記發(fā)生改變無效病例:腫瘤生物學保持不變,,新 輔 助 化 療 后 腫 瘤 分 子 標 記 改 變,有助于提早區(qū)分有效病例,以決定是否繼續(xù)治療,CR合并殘留DCIS(pCR+DCIS)的病例是否影響患者生存期? Mazouni回顧性分析MD Anderson癌癥中心19802004年間2 302例乳腺癌新輔助化療中位隨訪250月。pCR:3.4%, pCR+DCIS:8.6%5年DFS: pCR:87.1%, pCR+DCIS:87.1%10年DS: pCR:81.3%, pCR+DCIS:81.7%5年OS : pCR:91.9%, pCR+DCIS:92.5%10年OS:
23、pCR:91.8%, pCR+DCIS:92.5%均明顯高于有浸潤性癌殘留者(P0.001),,pCR+DCIS,A total of 143 neoadjuvant and 170 surgery-first patients were studied. Patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy were significantly more likely to have fewer than 10 lymph nodes retrieved at ALND than were the surgery-first patients (19/
24、143 or 13% vs. 6/170 or 4%, P=003).,ALN,單純腋下淋巴結(ALN)轉(zhuǎn)陰(非pCR)是否改善生存?來自MD Anderson的資料顯示單純ALN病理完全緩解者5年OS:82.5%5年DFS:78.6%ALN有浸潤性癌殘留者5年OS:37.1%5年DFS:25.4%,ALN 轉(zhuǎn) 陰 與 預 后,Nodal Status post Neo-adjuvant Chemo is a Powerful Prognostic Factor- NSABP B-27 Experience,JCO Vol. 24, pp 2019- , 2006.,Pathologic CR
25、 (pCR) post Neo-adjuvant Chemo is a Powerful Prognostic Factor- NSABP B-27 Experience,JCO Vol. 24, pp 2019- , 2006.,殘留病灶,Annals of Surgery Vol. 243, pp 257- , 2006.,Predicting Residual Tumor Size is Difficult!M D Anderson Experience,NOMOGRAM,Neoadjuvant Treatment of Primary BCAn increase in the pCR rate as the result of a Superior Treatment has not been proven to consistently translate into an Improved Long Term Outcome.Caution on Future Trial Design!,JCO Vol 24, pp 1940-, 2006.,Thanks!,