《(完整word版)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)法講解.doc》由會(huì)員分享，可在線(xiàn)閱讀，更多相關(guān)《(完整word版)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)法講解.doc（8頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)趨R文網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、(完整word版)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)法講解 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)法講解一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的概念動(dòng)詞的基本用法是作謂語(yǔ)。當(dāng)句中已經(jīng)有了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞了，要選或要填的動(dòng)詞就只能用非謂語(yǔ)形式了。非謂語(yǔ)形式有三種：1、動(dòng)詞不定式：to do 2、動(dòng)詞的ing ： doing 3、動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞:done二、三種形式的含義（基本用法）不定式:表示目的和將來(lái);動(dòng)詞的ing：表示主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行；過(guò)去分詞：表示被動(dòng)和完成。三、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式完成式進(jìn)行式不定式主動(dòng)to doto have doneto be doing被動(dòng)to be doneto have been doneing 形式主動(dòng)doinghaving done被

2、動(dòng)being donehaving been done過(guò)去分詞被動(dòng)done四、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定形式在非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前加not, never. 即 not / never to do, not / never doing五、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：for / of sb。 to do sth。動(dòng)詞 ing 形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：賓格或所有格+doing (ing 形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，用的所有格doing)六、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的做題步驟1、判定是否用非謂語(yǔ)形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞了2、找非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。方法:非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)一般是句子的主語(yǔ)。3、判斷主被動(dòng)關(guān)系.方法:非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與

3、其邏輯主語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。4、判斷時(shí)間關(guān)系。方法：分析句子,看看非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前、之后還是同時(shí).之前常用 done; 之后常用to do； 同時(shí)常用doing.學(xué)習(xí)非謂語(yǔ)形式時(shí)，建議把三種形式一起來(lái)比較學(xué)習(xí)，會(huì)更加有效一些。七、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的比較1、不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)a。 不定式表示一次性的、具體的動(dòng)詞.動(dòng)詞ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作.如:_ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A。 The walk B。 Walking C. To walk D. Walk(分析)a

4、 good form 暗示泛指一般的行為，用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，選Bb. 不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it 作形式主語(yǔ)，即用句型：It is + adj。 / n。 + （for / of sb. ） to do sth。Its important for us to learn English well.Its kind of you to help us.注意:下面幾個(gè)句型是用動(dòng)名詞：Its no good / use doing sth。Its useless doing sth。There is no need to do sth。2、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞作表語(yǔ)的比較1、不定式、動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)，。表示

5、主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容.如：My job is teaching / to teach English. (teaching / to teach English 是my job的內(nèi)容)Knowing who we are means knowing what we like to do.(主表語(yǔ)要用同一種形式）2、 分詞作表語(yǔ)記?。阂恍┍硎厩楦小⑶榫w的動(dòng)詞，常用分詞形式作表語(yǔ).現(xiàn)在分詞表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)特征，用過(guò)去分詞表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài).常用動(dòng)詞：surprise （使某人吃驚)， surprising (令人吃驚）， surprised （主語(yǔ)）感到吃驚）類(lèi)似動(dòng)詞有:excite （激動(dòng))，astonish

6、（驚奇),shock (震驚),scare (驚恐），disappoint (失望），move（感動(dòng))，如：The movie is exciting. We are excited at the news。3、 在seem / appear （似乎，好像）, prove/ turn out （被證明是)， remain (仍然是，尚待)等連系動(dòng)詞后，可用不定式作表語(yǔ)。如：He seemed （to be ) very happy. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞十大解題原則非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主要包括to do, -ing和ed三種形式,可是其用法非常廣泛,它不僅是高考單項(xiàng)選擇題測(cè)試的一個(gè)重點(diǎn),而且也是完形填空、閱讀理解

7、、短文改錯(cuò)的重要考查內(nèi)容。為了能更好地掌握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法,筆者在教學(xué)實(shí)踐中總結(jié)出十條實(shí)用的解題原則,并且還用相關(guān)的題目來(lái)解釋這些原則。根據(jù)這些原則，相信同學(xué)們可以輕松地應(yīng)對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。原則一、兩個(gè)句子必須要用連詞連接，如果沒(méi)有連詞連接,則需要用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞例1。 _ many times， but he still couldnt understand it。A. Having been told B. Having told C。 He had been told D。 Though he had been told例2_ many times， he still couldnt under

8、stand it。A. Having been told B. Having told C. He had been told D. Though he had told解析:例1中有連詞but連接,表明前后都是句子,所以答案為C.例2中后面是一個(gè)句子，而且沒(méi)有連詞，所以前面不是句子，應(yīng)該用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)句意此處為被動(dòng)，所以答案為A。原則二、不及物動(dòng)詞無(wú)-ed形式非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，及物動(dòng)詞有賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用-ing形式，無(wú)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用-ed形式例3. _ in the mountains for a week， the two students were finally saved by the local

9、police.A。 Having lost B. Lost C。 Being lost D. Losing解析：lose為及物動(dòng)詞,現(xiàn)在后面沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，所以用ed形式，答案為B。例4。 _, I really believe that Id prefer not to make any change now.A. Considered all the possibilities B. Taking all the possibilities into considerationC. Taken all the possibilities into consideration D. Giving

10、all the possibilities解析:把。考慮進(jìn)來(lái)結(jié)構(gòu)為take sth into consideration，現(xiàn)在take后面有賓語(yǔ)all the possibilities，所以用ing形式，答案為B.原則三、being done 表示“正在被”，一般不作狀語(yǔ)，只作定語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)形式to have done或having done強(qiáng)調(diào)該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前例5。 _ to reach them on the phone， we sent an email instead。A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed解析

11、：根據(jù)句意“我們沒(méi)有打通電話(huà),就給他們發(fā)了個(gè)郵件，沒(méi)有打通電話(huà)應(yīng)該發(fā)生在發(fā)郵件之前，所以用having done,答案為D.例6。 Tim Bemers-Lee is generally considered _ the World Wide Web, on which all the information is shared by all。A. to have founded B。 having founded C. founding D。 to found解析：根據(jù)句意，Tim BemersLee創(chuàng)立萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)應(yīng)該是過(guò)去的事情，而且be considered后面應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞不定式，所以應(yīng)該用t

12、o have done，答案為A.原則四、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示將來(lái)用to do,表正在進(jìn)行用-ing，表示已經(jīng)完成用-ed例7. The play_ next month aims mainly to reflect the local cultureAproduced Bbeing producedCto be produced Dhaving been produced解析：根據(jù)本題中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)next month，可知the play將要于下月被創(chuàng)作出來(lái)，表將來(lái)應(yīng)該用to do,所以答案為C。例8。The trees _ in the storm have been moved of

13、f the road.A。 being blown down B。 blown down C。 blowing down D。 to blow down解析:根據(jù)句意“被暴風(fēng)雨刮倒的樹(shù)已經(jīng)從路上移走了”,樹(shù)被刮倒是過(guò)去已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作,表已經(jīng)完成用ed形式，所以答案為B。原則五、介詞后跟-ing形式,可以在-ing前加邏輯主語(yǔ)例9. The discovery of new evidence led to _.A. the thief having been caught B. the thief to be caughtC. catch the thief D. the thief being

14、 caught解析:本題led to中的to是介詞，后面應(yīng)該用ing形式,the thief作-ing的邏輯主語(yǔ)，所以答案為D。例10. At the beginning of class， the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom.A。 opened and closed B。 to be opened and closedC. being opened and closed D. to open and close解析：本題the noise of中的of是介詞，后面應(yīng)該用ing形式，desks作ing的邏輯主語(yǔ),所

15、以答案為C。原則六、-ing形式或to do可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，ed形式則不可以例11. _ in a heavy traffic jam is quite an unpleasant experience.A。 Caught B. Having caught C. Being caught D. To catch解析：本題中is為系動(dòng)詞,前面應(yīng)該作主語(yǔ),用ing形式，所以答案為C.例12 _twice a year， whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city.A. Examining B. Exami