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1、1專業(yè)英語翻譯理論專業(yè)英語翻譯理論專業(yè)英語翻譯理論專業(yè)英語翻譯理論2專業(yè)英語翻譯理論專業(yè)英語翻譯理論范文：Aerobic TreatmentAerobic means requiring the presence of free oxygen.Aerobic treatment of waste is the natural degradation and purification process in which bacteria that thrive in oxygen-rich environment break down and digest the the waste.Aerobi

2、c bacteria are like humans in that they require oxygen to survive and thrive.This is the primary difference between aerobic systems and septic systems,you see.Septic systems depend on much less efficient anaerobic bacteria.3專業(yè)英語翻譯理論專業(yè)英語翻譯理論During this oxidation process,pollutants are broken down int

3、o carbon dioxide(CO2),water(H2O),nitrates,sulphates and biomass(micro-organisms).By optimizing the oxygen supply with so-called aerators,the process can be significantly accelerated.Of all biological waste treatment method,aerobic digestion is the most widespead process used throughout the world(mor

4、e than 95%).Aerobic bacteria demand oxygen to decompose dissolved pollutants.Large amounts of pollutants require large quantities of bacteria;hence the demand for oxygen will be high.The Biological Oxygen Demand(BOD)is a measure of the quantity of dissolved organic pollutants that can be removed in

5、biological oxidation by the bacteria.It is expressed in mg/L.4專業(yè)英語翻譯理論專業(yè)英語翻譯理論The Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD)measures the quantity of dissolved organic pollutants that can be removed in chemical oxidation,by adding strong acids.It is expressed in mg/L.The ratio BOD/COD gives an indication of the fra

6、ction of pollutants in the wastewater that is biodegradable.Aerobic bacteria are very efficient in breaking down waste products.As a result,aerobic treatment usually yields better effluent quality than that obtained in anaerobic processes.5專業(yè)英語翻譯理論專業(yè)英語翻譯理論1.專業(yè)英語翻譯概論專業(yè)英語翻譯概論1.1 專業(yè)英語的特點(diǎn)專業(yè)英語的特點(diǎn)1.1.1 專業(yè)

7、英語的詞匯特點(diǎn)專業(yè)英語的詞匯特點(diǎn)專業(yè)詞匯出現(xiàn)的頻率低。專業(yè)詞匯出現(xiàn)的頻率低。詞義專一。詞義專一。廣泛是使用縮寫詞。如：廣泛是使用縮寫詞。如：COD chemical oxygen demand 化學(xué)需氧量化學(xué)需氧量BOD biochemical oxygen demand 生化需氧量生化需氧量TOC total organic carbon 總有機(jī)碳總有機(jī)碳DO dissolved oxygen 溶解氧溶解氧6專業(yè)英語翻譯理論專業(yè)英語翻譯理論P(yáng)OPs persistent organic pollutants 持久性有機(jī)污染物持久性有機(jī)污染物TSP total suspended partic

8、le 總懸浮顆?？倯腋☆w粒TKN total Kjeldahl nitrogen 總凱氏氮總凱氏氮UASB up flow anaerobic sludge blanket 上流式厭氧污泥床上流式厭氧污泥床MBR membrane bioreactor 膜生物反應(yīng)器膜生物反應(yīng)器SBR sequencing batch reactor 間歇式活性污泥法間歇式活性污泥法1.1.2 專業(yè)英語的句法特點(diǎn)專業(yè)英語的句法特點(diǎn)廣泛使用陳述句。廣泛使用陳述句。Aerobic means requiring the presence of free oxygen.Aerobic treatment of was

9、te is the natural degradation and purification process in which bacteria that thrive in oxygen-rich environment break down and digest the the waste.7專業(yè)英語翻譯理論專業(yè)英語翻譯理論廣泛使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。廣泛使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。During this oxidation process,pollutants are broken down into carbon dioxide(CO2),water(H2O),nitrates,sulphates and b

10、iomass(micro-organisms).By optimizing the oxygen supply with so-called aerators,the process can be significantly accelerated.被動(dòng)語態(tài)在專業(yè)英語中的使用比在其他場合更為廣泛，被動(dòng)語態(tài)在專業(yè)英語中的使用比在其他場合更為廣泛，主要因?yàn)楸粍?dòng)句比主動(dòng)句更能說明需要論證的對象，更能主要因?yàn)楸粍?dòng)句比主動(dòng)句更能說明需要論證的對象，更能使其位置鮮明、突出。使其位置鮮明、突出。8專業(yè)英語翻譯理論專業(yè)英語翻譯理論簡略表達(dá)多。簡略表達(dá)多。The ratio BOD/COD gives an i

11、ndication of the fraction of pollutants in the wastewater that is biodegradable.長句使用多。長句使用多。Aerobic treatment of waste is the natural degradation and purification process in which bacteria that thrive in oxygen-rich environment break down and digest the the waste.主句帶若干從句，從句帶短語，短語帶從句，相互依附，相互制約。9專業(yè)英語翻

12、譯理論專業(yè)英語翻譯理論Floating on the oceans are 7,659 trillion（萬億）metric tons（公噸）of ice encased in（包含在）10,000 icebergs（冰山）that break away from（脫離）the polar ice caps,more than ninety percent of them from Antarctica（南極洲）.句子倒置。Floating on the oceans are 7,659 trillion metric tons of ice多重修飾。Ice encased in 10,000

13、 icebergs that break away from the polar ice caps,more than ninety percent of them from Antarctica.10專業(yè)英語翻譯理論專業(yè)英語翻譯理論 Floating on the oceans are 7,659 trillion metric tons of ice encased in 10,000 icebergs that break away from the polar ice caps,more than ninety percent of them from Antarctica.庖丁解牛。

14、ice encased in 10,000 icebergs that break away from the polar ice caps,more than ninety percent of them from Antarctica.就近修飾原則。Layer 1:Ice encased in 10,000 icebergsLayer 2:icebergs that break away from the polar ice caps,icebergsmore than ninety percent of them from Antarctica.粗譯：世界大洋里漂浮著7659萬億噸的冰。

15、這些冰包含在10000多個(gè)冰山里。這些冰山從極地冰蓋脫落而產(chǎn)生；超過90%的這些冰山來源于南極。11專業(yè)英語翻譯理論專業(yè)英語翻譯理論1.1.3 專業(yè)英語的修辭特點(diǎn)專業(yè)英語的修辭特點(diǎn)時(shí)態(tài)運(yùn)用有限。時(shí)態(tài)運(yùn)用有限。過去研究過去研究過去時(shí)（與現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系）；討論理論用現(xiàn)在過去時(shí)（與現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系）；討論理論用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。時(shí)。Biofiltration technique for disposing ammonium-contaminated gas streams was investigated.修辭手法較為單調(diào)。修辭手法較為單調(diào)。12專業(yè)英語翻譯理論專業(yè)英語翻譯理論邏輯性語法詞使用普遍。如：邏輯性語

16、法詞使用普遍。如：表示原因的詞：表示原因的詞：because,because of,due to,owing to,as,as a result,caused by,for表示語氣轉(zhuǎn)折的詞：表示語氣轉(zhuǎn)折的詞：but,however,nevertheless,yet,otherwise表示邏輯、順利連接的詞：表示邏輯、順利連接的詞：so,thus,therefore,furthermore,moreover,in addition to 表示限制的詞：表示限制的詞：only,if only,except,besides,unless表示假設(shè)的詞：表示假設(shè)的詞：suppose,supposing,assuming,provided,providingAerobic bacteria are very efficient in breaking down waste products.As a result,aerobic treatment usually yields better effluent quality than that obtained in anaerobic proc