高中英語語法課件.ppt
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1、奉奉 化化 二二 中中 吳吳 麗麗 玲玲1一一.句子成分句子成分 簡單句簡單句二二.英語基本句型英語基本句型三三.時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)23組成句子的各個(gè)組成部分叫句子成分:1.主語:是一個(gè)句子的主干部分之一,主語表明是“什么人”,“什么事”.通常由名詞,代詞,動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)名詞來充當(dāng).1.Lucy likes her new bike.2.We work hard.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playing football after school is great fun.主謂賓 定狀補(bǔ)表42.謂語:說明主語做什么或怎么樣。通常由
2、動(dòng)詞充當(dāng).動(dòng)詞常分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,連系動(dòng)詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞.1.they 1.they workwork very hard.very hard.2.Tom 2.Tom feelsfeels much better now.much better now.(系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞:表示狀態(tài)表示狀態(tài),后面往往接形容詞后面往往接形容詞 seem get is am are sound smell look become)seem get is am are sound smell look become)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語,必須和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語.They They can spea
3、kcan speak English well.English well.They They are playingare playing over there.over there.53.表語:跟在連系動(dòng)詞后面的詞語或從句,用來說明主語的身份,特征,狀態(tài).My sister is a nurse.The trees turn green.The flower is beautiful.To see is to believe.63.賓語賓語:動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象,說明主語做什么。一般放在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后面.由名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)名詞和賓語從句構(gòu)成.1.We study English.
4、2.I saw him yesterday.3.He wanted to have a pen.4.She likes playing basketball.5.Our teacher said that he would go there.雙賓語:指人的是間接賓語,指物的是直接賓語。He gave me two books.74.定語:用來修飾名詞或代詞的詞.形容詞,形容詞性物主代詞,名詞,不定式,介詞短語,不定代詞等.This is a red car.The building is their teaching building.The woman doctor is my wife.I
5、 have something to tell you.The man in front of the gate is Mr.Li.Every student has an English book.85.狀語:說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征修飾用來修飾動(dòng)詞,形容詞,副詞或整個(gè)句子.副詞,介詞短語,動(dòng)詞不定式,以及 after,when,as soon as,until,if,before等引起的從句.You are quite right.They often draw in the park.We came here in order to learn English.If it rains tomo
6、rrow,we will stay at home.96.賓補(bǔ):補(bǔ)充說明賓語。(賓語和賓補(bǔ)之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系)賓語+賓補(bǔ)叫復(fù)合賓語,復(fù)合賓語有以下幾種類型:1 名詞(代詞)+不定式 2 名詞(代詞)+分 詞 3 名詞(代詞)+名 詞 4 名詞(代詞)+形容詞 101 名詞(代詞)+不定式John asked me to help him.Let him go home.I saw her come out of the room.11 名詞(代詞)+分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng),過去分詞表示被動(dòng))I found him standing at the gate.She could feel he
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