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1、Chapter 1Geography 地理概況地理概況Introduction簡介WarmingUp熱身練習(xí)ReadingMaterials閱讀材料SupplementaryReading補充閱讀FolkCulture民俗文化ContentsIntroduction美利堅合眾國（UnitedStatesofAmerica），位于北美洲南部，東臨大西洋，西瀕太平洋，北接加拿大，南靠墨西哥及墨西哥灣。從大西洋到太平洋，幾乎橫跨整個北美洲大陸，陸地面積超過930萬平方公里，僅次于俄羅斯、加拿大和中華人民共和國，排名第四。它的領(lǐng)土包括北極邊緣的阿拉斯加以及遠在太平洋赤道地區(qū)的夏威夷。美國廣大土地上包含

2、各種自然景觀：從佛羅里達溫暖的海灘到阿拉斯加寒冷的北國地帶；從中西部平坦廣闊的大草原到終年為冰雪覆蓋的落基山脈，其中尤其享譽全球的是壯觀的大峽谷、偉大的密西西比河及聲如雷鳴的尼加拉大瀑布。Introduction美國的地形特點是東西兩側(cè)高，中間低，山脈均為南北走向。東部的阿巴拉契亞山自東北向西南擴展，與大西洋岸平行，山脈兩側(cè)蘊藏著豐富的煤炭資源，是美國重要的煤炭基地。西部的落基山脈號稱北美的脊骨，縱貫美國西部山峰高聳入云，為中部在平原豎起一座天然屏障。中部是占全國領(lǐng)土1/2的大平原。奔騰不息的密西西比河流經(jīng)中部大平原，使之成為美國重要的農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)。美國河流眾多，以落基山為界分為兩大水系：以西為太平

3、洋水系，主要河流有科羅拉多河、哥倫比亞河、育空河。以東為大西洋水系，又分為流入大西洋的河流與流入墨西哥灣的河流。前者有哈德遜河、特拉華河、波托馬克河；后者主要有密西西比河。美國本土位于北溫帶，大部分地區(qū)屬大陸性氣候，由于美國國土幅員遼闊，地形復(fù)雜，所受氣流影響也不相同，因而全國各地氣候差異極大，主要有5種氣候現(xiàn)象：大陸性溫帶闊葉林氣候；亞熱帶森林氣候；大陸性氣候；內(nèi)陸性氣候；海洋性氣候。Warming UpDialogue1Dialogue1Dialogue2Dialogue2Dialogue4Dialogue4Dialogue3Dialogue3A:Excuseme,canyoutellme

4、whereMainStreetis?B:Turnleftatthesecondlightandthengostraightfortwoblocks.A:Isitfar?B:No.Itsonlyafive-minutewalk.A:Thanksalot.B:Yourewelcome.Warming UpDIALOGUE1A:CanyoutellmethebestwaytogettoWallStreet?B:Youwantthe7thAvenueExpress,theNumber2.A:WhichwayshouldIgo?B:Gostraightdownthosestairsandfollowth

5、esigns.Warming UpDIALOGUE2A:Goodevening,Imsohappyyoucouldcome.B:Thankyouforinvitingme.A:Whatwouldyouliketodrink?B:Aglassofwhitewinewouldbefine,thankyou.Warming UpDIALOGUE3A:Look!ThatstheStatueofLiberty.B:Whataspectacularview!MaybeitisthemostfamoussinglemonumentintheUSA.A:Itis.IthasbecomeasymbolofNew

6、York.andoftheUSA.B:Sheissogreat.Warming UpDIALOGUE41.1.PanoramicViewPanoramicViewReading Materials2.2.MainRegionsMainRegions3.3.MountainsMountains4.4.RiversandLakesRiversandLakes5.5.ClimateClimate6.6.NaturalResourcesNaturalResources7.7.NiagaraFallsNiagaraFalls8.8.WashingtonD.C.WashingtonD.C.9.9.NewY

7、ork:CityoftheWorldNewYork:CityoftheWorldReading MaterialsAnswer the following questions according to the above paragraphs.1.WhereistheU.S.?2.WhatisthedetailedlocationofthemainlandareasoftheU.S.ingeography?3.WhysomepeoplesaythatitisalmostonthesamelatitudeasChinaintheotherhemisphere?Itliesinthemiddleo

8、ftheNorthAmericancontinent.ItissituatedbetweentheAtlanticontheeastandthePacificonthewest.ItisborderedbyCanadaonthenorthandbyMexicoonthesouth.AstheTropicofCancercutsthroughsomeofherprovincesuchasTaiwan,Guangdong,andGuangxiinthesouth.Panoramic ViewPanoramic ViewNewWordssurveyn.概觀，鑒定書；環(huán)顧，調(diào)查（表/所），測量cont

9、inentn.大陸，陸地；歐洲大陸；北美洲大陸outlyingadj.偏僻的，邊遠的；無關(guān)的territoryn.領(lǐng)土，版圖；領(lǐng)地；領(lǐng)域，范圍；勢力范圍geographicallyadv.地理學(xué)上，在地理上，地理方面fortunateadj.僥幸的，幸運的；帶來幸運的borderv.與接界，在的邊上，環(huán)繞borderlinen.分界線，國界線boundaryn.分界線；范圍；（球場）邊線latituden.緯度；范圍；天黃緯；likenv.比擬；把比作hemispheren.半球；地球的半球；解大腦半球extendv.延伸；擴大；推廣Reading MaterialsPhrasesandExp

10、ressionsrefertoasv.把稱為exceptforprep.除之外；若不是separatefromv.分開；區(qū)別USSR(=UnionofSovietSocialistRepublics)n.蘇聯(lián)CaribbeanSean.加勒比海thePacificOceann.太平洋theAtlanticn.大西洋Alaskan.阿拉斯加州Hawaiin.夏威夷Mexicon.墨西哥Reading MaterialsReading MaterialsAnswer the following questions according to the above paragraphs.1.Howisd

11、ividedaccordingtoitsgeographicalfeature?2.WhereisthelowestpointinthewholeofNorthAmerica?3.Whatisthewesternpartofthecentralplainalsocalled?Accordingtoitsgeographicalfeature,canroughlybedividedintothreeparts:theeasternpart,thewesternpart,andthegreatcentralplaininbetween.DeathValley.Itis85metersbelowse

12、alevel.Thewesternpartofthecentralplainisalsocalledthe“GreatPlain”.Main RegionsMain RegionsReading MaterialsFill in the blanks after reading the passage again.1.Theeasternpartismadeupofthe_formedbytheAppalachainRange.Thesehighlandsarerelatively_.2.InthewestoftheRockyMountainlietwoplateaus:_inthesouth

13、and_inthenorth.highlandslowtheColoradoPlateautheColumbiaPlateauNewWordslandscapen.地形；風(fēng)景；風(fēng)景畫；鄉(xiāng)村風(fēng)景畫altituden.海拔高度；天地平緯度；數(shù)頂垂線uplandadj.高地的，住在高地的componentn.成分；零件；數(shù)要素；組分cordilleran.山脈，山系cascaden.傾瀉；小瀑布，瀑布狀物territoryn.領(lǐng)土，版圖；領(lǐng)域，范圍；商勢力范圍chainn.鏈子，鏈條；連鎖，連續(xù)Reading MaterialsPhrasesandExpressionsconsistofv.由組成b

14、ecomposedofv.由組成theAppalachainRangen.阿巴拉契亞山脈Mainen.緬因州（美國東北角的州）Alabaman.亞拉巴馬（美國州名）PiedmontPlateaun.皮德蒙特高原（美國阿巴拉契亞與大西洋沿岸平坦的高原地帶）theColoradoPlateaun.科羅拉多高原theColumbiaPlateaun.哥倫比亞高原theRockyMountainn.落基山脈theCascadeRangen.卡斯卡特山脈Reading MaterialsReading MaterialsRead the passage carefully.Complete the fo

15、llowing form according to the altitude,which goes from high to low.MountainsMountainsReading MaterialsMountainsMountainsMt./peakAltitude(m)LocationMt.WhitneyMt.ElberttheRockyMountainsSierraNevadaMountainstheCascadeMountainstheAppalachianMountainstheCoastMountainsortheCoastRange44184300Morethan3000Ov

16、er3000Over3000anaverageheightof800Nomorethan1000ItsthepeakoftheSierraNevadarange.ItsthepeakoftheRockyMountains.TheRockyMountainsareinthenorthoftheCoastMountains.Itsthehighestofallinthecountry.tothesouthoftheCascadeExtendingfromnorthCalifornia,throughOregonandWashingtontoCanadaTheyextendfromtheGulfof

17、St.LawrenceinCanadatothestateofAlabama.AlongthecoastofthePacificOceanNewWordsheritagen.遺產(chǎn)；繼承物；傳統(tǒng)；文化遺產(chǎn)paralleladj.平行的；相同的，類似的worn(wear的過去分詞)v.磨損；耗損；逐漸或枯燥地通過adj.用舊的，穿壞的expansen.寬闊的區(qū)域crustn.地殼；面包皮；外殼；硬外皮；地殼volcanon.火山contiguousadj.接觸的，鄰近的，共同的Reading MaterialsPhrasesandExpressionsasforadv.至于，關(guān)于GulfofSt.

18、Lawrencen.圣勞倫斯灣Alabaman.亞拉巴馬（美國州名）Mt.Elbertn.地名美國埃爾伯特山Arcticn.北極圈，北極地帶SierraNevadaMountainsn.內(nèi)華達山Mt.Whitneyn.惠特尼山美國加利福尼亞州東部Reading MaterialsRivers and LakesRivers and LakesReading MaterialsAnswer the following questions according to the above paragraphs.1.Whatarethemostimportantlakesin?2.Whatdoesthe

19、GreatLakesconsistof?3.ArethereanyotherlakesinthecountryexcepttheGreatLakes?Giveatleasttwoexamples.TheGreatLakes.TheyareLakeSuperior,LakeMichigan,LakeHuron,LakeErie,andLakeOntario.Yes.SuchasLakeofWoods,IliamnaLake,LakeOkeechobee,etc.Reading Materials4.Areallthelakesinfreshwater?5.Whatisthemostimporta

20、ntandlongestriverin?6.Doyouknowthefourlongestriversintheworld?Whatarethey?No.Somearefreshwater,andsomearesalt.ItistheMississippi.Theyare:theNile,intheAfrica;theAmazon,intheSouthAmerica;thetheYangtseRiver,inChina;andtheMississippi,inUnitedStates.Reading MaterialsFill in the form after reading the pas

21、sage again.theRiverLength(km)theSimpleStatementtheMississippitheMissouriRivertheRioGrande,theYukonandtheColorado,theArkansas,theRed,theSnake,andtheColumbia.3,7793,725Longerthan1,600Itisthemostimportantriverinthecountry.Itflowsabout6,400kmfromitsnorthwesternsourceintheRockiestotheGulfofMexico.Itisthe

22、secondlongestriverinthecountry,itisthemaintributaryoftheMississippi.Theseriversarelongerthan1000miles.NewWordsinlandadj.內(nèi)地的，內(nèi)陸的；國內(nèi)的portionn.一部分；一份遺產(chǎn)；嫁妝v.把分成份額；把分給（to）deltan.（河流的）三角洲；數(shù)變量增量tributaryn.支流；附庸國；進貢者Reading MaterialsPhrasesandExpressionsotherthanadv.除了；絕不是；不同，不同于Utahn.猶他州Minnesotan.明尼蘇達州（美國

23、州名）Iliamnan.地名美國伊利亞姆納Okeechobeen.地名美國奧基喬比Champlainn.地名加拿大、美國尚普蘭MissouriRivern.密蘇里河RioGranden.格蘭德河Yukonn.地名美國育空Reading MaterialsClimateClimateReading MaterialsAnswer the following questions according to the above paragraphs.1.Whyarethereawidevarietyofclimatetypesin?2.Whatclimatetypesarementionedinthe

24、passage?3.Arethereanyextremeweatherinthecountry?Whatarethey?Orwheredotheyoccur?includesawidevarietyofclimatetypesduetoitslargesize,rangeofgeographicfeatures,andnon-contiguousarrangement.Theclimatetypesmentionedinthepassageare:humidcontinental,humidsubtropical,tropical,semi-arid,alpine,arid,desert,Me

25、diterranean,oceanic,andpolarclimate,etc.Yes.Theyarehurricanesandtornadoes.(ThestatesborderingtheGulfofMexicoarepronetohurricanes,andtornadoesregularlyoccurintheareaoftheMidwestreferredtoasTornadoAlley.)NewWordscontiguousadj.接觸的，鄰近的，共同的meridiann.子午圈；子午線；頂點；（權(quán)力，成就）全盛時期humidadj.潮濕的；濕氣重的；濕潤的subtropicala

26、dj.亞熱帶的；亞熱帶特點的aridadj.干燥的；貧瘠的，荒蕪的，不毛的；枯燥無味的alpineadj.阿爾卑斯山的；阿爾卑斯山區(qū)居的；高山的subarcticadj.亞北極區(qū)的archipelagon.群島，列島；多島嶼的海proneadj.易于的；有傾向的；傾斜的，坡陡的hurricanen.颶風(fēng)；颶風(fēng)般猛烈的東西；（感情等的）爆發(fā)tornadon.大氣龍卷風(fēng)；大雷雨；巨大破壞性的人（或事物）Reading MaterialsPhrasesandExpressionsbepronetov.易于refertoasv.稱為Mediterraneann.（似）地中海的；（似）地中海沿岸地區(qū)的R

27、eading MaterialsNatural ResourcesNatural ResourcesReading MaterialsComplete the following sentences according to the above paragraphs.1.isalandrichinnaturalresources.Someoftheseresources,suchaswater,_,_,oil,_,andgold,areespeciallyplentifulinthecountry.2.Formanyyears,ironorecameprimarilyfromthe_regio

28、nofMinnesotaandMichigan,butthemineswereseverely_duringthetwoWorldWars.ironorecoalsilvergreatlakedepletedReading Materials3.Thericheroresare_thoughlargeamountsof_materialsremainandformthebasisofa_industry.4._isanothermajornaturalresourcefoundinlargequantitiesintheU.S.whichcanlastfor_.Mostofcoalreserv

29、esaretobefoundintheAppalachians,_,andthe_.5.America,veryrichin_,wasoncethelargestoilproducingcountryintheworld.Oilwellsinproducemorethan_barrelsofpetroleumayear.6.OtherbasicmetalsandmineralsminedonalargescaleinAmericainclude_,_,_,and_.exhaustedlow-gradethrivingCoalhundredsofyearstheCentralPlainRocki

30、esoil3,200millionzinccoppersilverphosphaterockReading MaterialsAnswer the following questions according to the above paragraphs.1.HowdoestheAmericamakegooduseofitswaterresources?2.WhatisthewaterproblemintheU.S.?3.HowisthesoilconditioninthecontinentoftheU.S.?4.Aretherevastfarmlandsin?Americaenjoysabu

31、ndantwaterresources.Theriversandstreamsfurnish63%ofthewatersupplyforcities,townsandfarmlands,93%ofthewaterusedbyindustry,andalmostallofthewaterusedtocreateelectricpower.Itistheshortageoffreshwater.ThesoilinthecontinentoftheU.S.isfertilesoil.(Americahasplentyoffertilesoil.)Yes.Farmlandsinmakeupabout1

32、2%ofthearablelandsintheworld,andtheyareamongtherichestandmostproductive.NewWordsironoren.鐵礦石depositn.存款；定金；堆積物；礦床primarilyadv.首先；首要地，主要地；根本上；本來depletev.耗盡，用盡；使枯竭；減少，損耗thrivev.興盛，興??；長得健壯；茁壯成長reserven.保存，儲備；商準備金，公積金；儲藏量barreln.桶；一桶之量petroleumn.石油domesticadj.家庭的，家的；國內(nèi)的offshoreadj.離開海岸的；近海的；海外的，國外的onsho

33、readj.海岸的；在岸上的；在近岸處的；朝著岸的consumptionn.消費；肺病；耗盡；醫(yī)消耗性疾病insufficientadj.不足的，不夠的Reading MaterialsNewWordspublicizev.宣傳；公布；廣告embargon.封港令；禁運；禁止（通商）scalen.規(guī)模；比例（尺）；魚鱗；級別zincn.化鋅furnishv.提供，供應(yīng)；陳設(shè)，布置；裝修（房屋）fertileadj.肥沃的；可繁殖的；豐富的；物能產(chǎn)生裂變物質(zhì)的arableadj.適于耕種的n.耕地phosphaten.磷酸鹽；（含有少量磷酸的）汽水a(chǎn)creagen.英畝數(shù)；（總稱）（以英畝計的）土地面積substantialadj.充實的；實質(zhì)的，真正的；有實力的；有財產(chǎn)的surplusn.剩余額；公積金；順差；盈余Reading MaterialsPhrasesandExpressions