組織學(xué)神經(jīng)組織中ppt課件.ppt
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1、神經(jīng)纖維的功能神經(jīng)纖維的功能傳傳導(dǎo)導(dǎo)神神經(jīng)經(jīng)沖沖動(dòng)動(dòng),電電流流的的傳傳導(dǎo)導(dǎo)在在軸軸膜膜進(jìn)進(jìn)行行有有髓髓神神經(jīng)經(jīng)纖纖維維的的神神經(jīng)經(jīng)沖沖動(dòng)動(dòng)在在郎郎飛飛結(jié)結(jié)間間呈跳躍式傳導(dǎo),故傳導(dǎo)速度快呈跳躍式傳導(dǎo),故傳導(dǎo)速度快無(wú)無(wú)髓髓神神經(jīng)經(jīng)纖纖維維的的神神經(jīng)經(jīng)沖沖動(dòng)動(dòng)沿沿軸軸膜膜連連續(xù)續(xù)傳導(dǎo),故傳導(dǎo)速度慢傳導(dǎo),故傳導(dǎo)速度慢突觸突觸神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞神經(jīng)末梢神經(jīng)末梢神經(jīng)纖維和神經(jīng)神經(jīng)纖維和神經(jīng)PNS 神神經(jīng)纖維經(jīng)纖維CNS 神神經(jīng)纖維經(jīng)纖維神神 經(jīng)經(jīng)神經(jīng)元神經(jīng)元周周圍圍神神經(jīng)經(jīng)系系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)的的神神經(jīng)經(jīng)纖纖維維集集合合在在一一起起,構(gòu)構(gòu)成成神神經(jīng)經(jīng)(nerve),分分布布到到全全身身各各器器官官多多數(shù)數(shù)神神經(jīng)
2、經(jīng)兼兼含含感感覺(jué)覺(jué)神神經(jīng)經(jīng)纖纖維維、運(yùn)運(yùn)動(dòng)動(dòng)神神經(jīng)纖維及自主神經(jīng)纖維經(jīng)纖維及自主神經(jīng)纖維圖圖29293131突觸突觸神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞神經(jīng)末梢神經(jīng)末梢神經(jīng)纖維和神經(jīng)神經(jīng)纖維和神經(jīng)PNS 神神經(jīng)纖維經(jīng)纖維CNS 神神經(jīng)纖維經(jīng)纖維神神 經(jīng)經(jīng)神經(jīng)元神經(jīng)元神神經(jīng)經(jīng)外外膜膜(epineurium):包包裹裹在在一一條神經(jīng)表面的結(jié)締組織條神經(jīng)表面的結(jié)締組織神神經(jīng)經(jīng)束束膜膜(perineurium):位位于于神神經(jīng)經(jīng)纖纖維維束束表表面面,由由幾幾層層扁扁平平細(xì)細(xì)胞胞圍圍成成。細(xì)細(xì)胞胞間間有有緊緊密密連連接接,對(duì)對(duì)進(jìn)進(jìn)出出神神經(jīng)經(jīng)纖纖維維束的物質(zhì)起屏障作用束的物質(zhì)起屏障作用神神經(jīng)經(jīng)內(nèi)內(nèi)膜膜(endone
3、urium):每每條條神神經(jīng)經(jīng)纖維表面的薄層結(jié)締組織纖維表面的薄層結(jié)締組織突觸突觸神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞神經(jīng)末梢神經(jīng)末梢神經(jīng)纖維和神經(jīng)神經(jīng)纖維和神經(jīng)PNS 神神經(jīng)纖維經(jīng)纖維CNS 神神經(jīng)纖維經(jīng)纖維神神 經(jīng)經(jīng)神經(jīng)元神經(jīng)元神經(jīng)末梢(神經(jīng)末梢(nerve endings)概概念念:周周圍圍神神經(jīng)經(jīng)纖纖維維的的終終末末,遍遍布布全全身身分類:分類:感感覺(jué)覺(jué)神神經(jīng)經(jīng)末末梢梢游游離離神神經(jīng)經(jīng)末末梢梢、觸觸覺(jué)小體、環(huán)層小體、肌梭覺(jué)小體、環(huán)層小體、肌梭 運(yùn)運(yùn)動(dòng)動(dòng)神神經(jīng)經(jīng)末末梢梢軀軀體體運(yùn)運(yùn)動(dòng)動(dòng)神神經(jīng)經(jīng)末末梢梢(運(yùn)動(dòng)終板)、內(nèi)臟運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)末梢(運(yùn)動(dòng)終板)、內(nèi)臟運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)末梢感覺(jué)神感覺(jué)神經(jīng)末梢經(jīng)末梢運(yùn)動(dòng)神運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)末
4、梢經(jīng)末梢突觸突觸神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞神經(jīng)末梢神經(jīng)末梢神經(jīng)纖維和神經(jīng)神經(jīng)纖維和神經(jīng)神經(jīng)元神經(jīng)元 是是感感覺(jué)覺(jué)神神經(jīng)經(jīng)元元(假假單單極極神神經(jīng)經(jīng)元元)的的周周圍圍突突末末端端,感感受受環(huán)環(huán)境境刺刺激激并并轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)化化為為神神經(jīng)沖動(dòng)經(jīng)沖動(dòng)1.1.游離神經(jīng)末梢游離神經(jīng)末梢 為為感感覺(jué)覺(jué)神神經(jīng)經(jīng)纖纖維維終終末末分分支支,分分布布于于表表皮皮、角角膜膜、各各種種結(jié)結(jié)締締組組織織;感感受受溫溫度度、應(yīng)應(yīng)力力和和某某些些化化學(xué)學(xué)物物質(zhì)質(zhì)的的刺刺激激,參參與與產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生冷、熱、輕觸和痛覺(jué)生冷、熱、輕觸和痛覺(jué)圖圖3232突觸突觸神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞神經(jīng)末梢神經(jīng)末梢神經(jīng)纖維和神經(jīng)神經(jīng)纖維和神經(jīng)感覺(jué)神感覺(jué)神經(jīng)末梢經(jīng)末
5、梢運(yùn)動(dòng)神運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)末梢經(jīng)末梢神經(jīng)元神經(jīng)元2.2.觸覺(jué)小體(觸覺(jué)小體(tactile corpuscle)分布:真皮乳頭,于手指最多分布:真皮乳頭,于手指最多結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu):卵卵圓圓形形,長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)軸軸與與皮皮膚膚表表面面垂垂直直;小小體體外外包包結(jié)結(jié)締締組組織織被被囊囊,內(nèi)內(nèi)有有許許多多橫橫列列的的扁扁平平細(xì)細(xì)胞胞;感感覺(jué)覺(jué)神神經(jīng)經(jīng)纖纖維維末末梢梢盤盤繞在扁平細(xì)胞間繞在扁平細(xì)胞間功能:感受應(yīng)力刺激,參與產(chǎn)生觸覺(jué)功能:感受應(yīng)力刺激,參與產(chǎn)生觸覺(jué)圖圖33-3533-35突觸突觸神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞神經(jīng)末梢神經(jīng)末梢神經(jīng)纖維和神經(jīng)神經(jīng)纖維和神經(jīng)感覺(jué)神感覺(jué)神經(jīng)末梢經(jīng)末梢運(yùn)動(dòng)神運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)末梢經(jīng)末梢神經(jīng)元神經(jīng)元3.3.
6、環(huán)層小體(環(huán)層小體(lamella corpuscle)分分布布:皮皮下下組組織織、腹腹膜膜、腸腸系系膜膜、韌韌帶、關(guān)節(jié)囊等處帶、關(guān)節(jié)囊等處結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu):體體大大,圓圓或或卵卵圓圓形形,中中央央有有一一均均質(zhì)質(zhì)狀狀圓圓柱柱體體,內(nèi)內(nèi)含含神神經(jīng)經(jīng)纖纖維維末末梢梢,周圍多層扁平細(xì)胞呈同心圓排列周圍多層扁平細(xì)胞呈同心圓排列功功能能:感感受受較較強(qiáng)強(qiáng)的的應(yīng)應(yīng)力力,參參與與產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生生壓壓覺(jué)和振動(dòng)覺(jué)覺(jué)和振動(dòng)覺(jué)圖圖3636、3737突觸突觸神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞神經(jīng)末梢神經(jīng)末梢神經(jīng)纖維和神經(jīng)神經(jīng)纖維和神經(jīng)感覺(jué)神感覺(jué)神經(jīng)末梢經(jīng)末梢運(yùn)動(dòng)神運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)末梢經(jīng)末梢神經(jīng)元神經(jīng)元4.4.肌梭(肌梭(muscle spindle
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