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1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上過去分詞是非謂語動詞的一種形式。從性質(zhì)上講，過去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞和副詞。因此它在句子中可以作定語、表語、賓補和狀語。過去分詞一般含有完成或被動的意思。下面我們重點學(xué)習(xí)其作定語和表語的用法：一、過去分詞作定語1. 單個的過去分詞作定語時一般兼有被動和完成的意義，常作前置定語。有的過去分詞如given, left等習(xí)慣上后置。a lost animal 一只迷路的動物_a used stamp 一枚用過的郵票an injured finger 一根受傷的手指a broken coin 一枚破損的硬幣Complete the sentences with the words

2、 given.用所給的詞完成句子。注意：過去分詞作定語時，有時只表示被動含義。spoken English 英語口語written exercises 書面練習(xí)少數(shù)表示位移或狀態(tài)改變的不及物動詞的過去分詞只表示完成含義。fallen leaves 落葉the risen sun 升起來的太陽the advanced countries 發(fā)達國家a retired teacher 一名退休教師2過去分詞短語作定語常常放在被修飾的名詞之后，表示被動或完成意義。How I regretted the hours wasted in the woods!我多懊悔在樹林里浪費的時光??！I like we

3、aring clothes made of this kind of cloth.我喜歡穿這種布料做的衣服。The books written by Lu Xun are popular魯迅寫的書很受歡迎。We11 go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago我們要去看那座建于幾百年前的橋。注意：過去分詞短語作定語時在意義上相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。The book bought yesterday cost me ten yuan.The book that was bought yesterday cost me ten yuan.昨天買的

4、這本書花了我十元錢。The houses, built last year, were destroyed by the earthquake.The houses, which were built last year, were destroyed by the earthquake.去年建的房子被這場地震毀了。二、過去分詞作表語1. 過去分詞作表語，表示主語的特點或所處的狀態(tài)，前面的系動詞有包括be在內(nèi)的多種形式。Everyone present is very inspired at his speech聽了他的發(fā)言，在場的所有人都很振奮。2. 過去分詞作表語，構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)與被動語態(tài)

5、的區(qū)別：過去分詞作表語，強調(diào)主語的特點或所處的狀態(tài)；而被動語態(tài)中，主語是動詞所表示動作的承受者。This shop is now closed這家商店現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)關(guān)門了。(狀態(tài))This shop is closed at 6 pm everyday這家商店每天6點關(guān)門。(動作）注意：當(dāng)用作表語的過去分詞表示人的某種感情或情緒時，含有“感到”之意，常用來修飾人。He was excited at being admitted to Beijing University.他很高興被北京大學(xué)錄取了。My son was very disappointed when he heard the news.

6、聽到這個消息我的兒子非常失望。練習(xí)1. From your_voice, I have to say that you are really_ .A. disappointed, disappointedB. disappointing, disappointingC. disappointed, disappointingD. disappointing, disappointed2. This is the problem_at the meeting yesterday.A. being discussed B. discussedC. to be discussed D. having

7、 discussed3. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company,_as 3M.A. knowing B. knownC. being known D. to be known4. Dont use words, expression or phrases_only to people with specific knowledge.A. being known B. having been knownC. to be known D. known 5. The Olympic Games, _in 776

8、 BC， did not include women players until 1912.A. first played B. to be first playedC. first playing D. to be first playing6. The flowers_sweet in the garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A. to smell B. smellingC. smelt D. to be smelt有關(guān)過去分詞做定語用法，請注意以下幾個問題：（1） 過去分詞用作前置定語：若是單個的過去分詞或只帶副詞修

9、飾的單個過去分詞做定語, 通常置于所修飾的名詞前，此時過去分詞具有形容詞的特點，側(cè)重狀態(tài)和比較永久的特點。例如：a broken window 一扇壞了的窗戶；a recently?built house 最近建造的一所房子We need more experienced teachers. 我們需要更多有經(jīng)驗的老師。溫馨提示：有時為了強調(diào)，單個的過去分詞做定語也可以置于被修飾的名詞后面。例如：Do you know the number of the books ordered? 你知道訂購了多少書嗎？Money spent is more than money earned. 入不敷出。（

10、2） 過去分詞用作后置定語：若是過去分詞短語做定語, 則通常置于被修飾的名詞之后。此時過去分詞既有形容詞的特征，又有動詞的特點，但主要突出動詞的特征，且不像前置定語那樣具有永久性的特點。做后置定語的過去分詞一般都帶有修飾語或其他成分，在語法上相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。例如： Well talk about the problem discussed(= that / which was discussed) at the meeting yesterday. 我們將談?wù)勛蛱鞎h上討論的問題。（3） 過去分詞也可用作非限制性定語，前后用逗號隔開，相當(dāng)于一個由which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。例如：Th

11、e books, written by Lu Xun (= which were written by Lu Xun), are popular with many Chinese people. 這些書是魯迅寫的，受到了許多中國人的喜愛。The meeting, attended by one thousand students(= which was attended by one thousand students), was a great success. 這次會議獲得很大的成功，共有一千名學(xué)生出席。（4） 過去分詞做定語與所修飾的詞之間存在兩種關(guān)系：一是及物動詞表示被動或完成意義（

12、有時也表示沒有一定的時間性）；二是不及物動詞只表示完成意義，不表被動。（5） 過去分詞做定語與定語從句的關(guān)系。過去分詞做定語相當(dāng)于一個由which, that或who引導(dǎo)的定語從句。若過去分詞是及物動詞可以改為動詞為被動形式的定語從句；如果過去分詞是不及物動詞則可以改為動詞為完成式或動詞為表示狀態(tài)的定語從句。例如：Whats the language spoken（= which is spoken）in Germany? 德國說什么語言？Most of the guests invited(=who were invited) to the evening party were colleg

13、e students. 應(yīng)邀參加晚會的客人大多數(shù)是大學(xué)生。a retired worker (= a worker who has retired) 一名退休工人a returned soldier (= a soldier who has returned) 一位返鄉(xiāng)的士兵（6） 過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞一般式的被動式和動詞不定式一般式的被動式做定語的區(qū)別：過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞一般式的被動式和動詞不定式一般式的被動式都可以做后置定語，它們的共同點是都與所修飾的名詞或代詞存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系（即表示被動），但是過去分詞強調(diào)動作已經(jīng)完成，現(xiàn)在分詞一般式的被動式表示一個正在進行的被動動作，動詞不定式一般式

14、的被動式表示一個將來的被動動作。請對比：The meeting held yesterday was very important. 昨天開的會很重要。The meeting being held now is very important. 現(xiàn)在正在開的會議很重要。The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important. 明天要召開的會議很重要。練一練1. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _. （2012山東卷）A. prov

15、idingB. providedC. having providedD. provide2. Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _ at the meeting will influence the future of our company. （2012重慶卷）A. to be madeB. being madeC. madeD. having been made3. “Its such a nice place,” Mother said as she sat at the table _ for customers. （2012浙江卷）A. to be reservedB. having reservedC. reservingD. reserved4. The club, _ 2