《初中英語句子成分及五大基本句型ppt課件.ppt》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關《初中英語句子成分及五大基本句型ppt課件.ppt（55頁珍藏版）》請在匯文網上搜索。

1、2021/12/25,1,句子成分和基本句型,2021/12/25,2,(Members of a Sentence),2021/12/25,3,什么是句子？,句子是由詞按照一定的語法結構組成的，是能表達一個完整概念的語言單位句子的第一個字母必須大寫，結尾要有？ ！,I am a teacher.Are you a student?How beautiful the girl is !,2021/12/25,4,現代漢語里一般的句子成分有六種，即主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語和補語。英語的基本成分有八種：主語（subject）、謂語（predicate）、表語（predicative）、賓語（o

2、bject）、定語（attribute）、狀語(adverbial) 、補語（complement）、同位語。,句子包括哪些成分？,2021/12/25,5,主語：主語是在句子中說明全句中心主題的部分一般由名詞，代詞，不定式，動名詞或從句充當它的位置一般在句首,The girl is pretty.Reading is useful.To see is to believe.They are good friends.,2021/12/25,6,謂語：,謂語說明主語做什么，以什么狀態(tài)或特征存在，由簡單動詞或者動詞短語構成,They are teachers.She looks well.He

3、studies hard.He laughed at his classmates.He can speak English.,2021/12/25,7,表語：,表語說明主語是什么，或者怎么樣，由名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，不定式，動名詞，短語，或者從句充當表語位于系動詞后面,I am a teacher.She feels happy.Everybody is here.They are at home now.He went mad.Seeing is believing.,2021/12/25,8,賓語,賓語是動作，行為的對象，由名詞，代詞，短語，不定式，動名詞，從句充當它和及物動詞一

4、起說明主語做了什么，在謂語之后,She plays the piano.He often helps me.I like watching TV.She likes to go to shop this afternoon.I think that he is good boy.,2021/12/25,9,賓語補足語,在英語中，有些句子只有賓語并不能表達完整的意思，還必須在賓語后面家上賓語補足語才能表達完整的意思它起補充說明賓語干什么，怎么樣的作用它可以由名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，不定式，現在分詞和過去分詞充當,If you let me go, Ill make you king. Le

5、ave the door open.We found John out when we arrived. Make yourself at home.I heard my name called.,2021/12/25,10,狀語,狀語用來修飾動詞，形容詞或副詞它表示行為發(fā)生的時間，地點，目的，方式，程度一般由副詞，介詞短語，不定式或相當于副詞的詞或短語充當，也可由從句來充當,He did it carefully.He studied very hard.I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.He is writing with a pen.I wil

6、l stay at home if it rains tomorrow.,2021/12/25,11,定語,定語用來修飾名詞或代詞形容詞，代詞，數詞，名詞，介詞短語，不定式，動名詞，分詞，從句都可以充當定語,The black bike is mine. Whats your name? I have 5 books. A sleeping boy is sleeping. They made paper flowers. The boy in the room is Jack.,2021/12/25,12,三、同位語：,同位語 當兩個指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置時，一個句子成分用來說明和

7、解釋另一個句子成分，這個句子成分就叫做它的同位語。We students should study hard. (students是we的同位語，都是指同一批學生）Li Lei, my brother, came to see me today.(my brother是Li Lei的同位語）,2021/12/25,13,一) 挑出下列句中的賓語 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did you learn last class? Some

8、 of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.,2021/12/25,14,(二) 挑出下列句中的表語- The old man was feeling very tired.- The leaves have turned yellow.- He is a teacher while his little brother is still a junior middle school student.,2021

9、/12/25,15,(三) 挑出下列句中的定語1. What is your given name?2. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep.4. A beautiful girl is running to us.5. The boy in the clssroom is crying.,2021/12/25,16,(四) 挑出下列句中的賓語補足語 He asked her to study hard. She found it difficul

10、t to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.,2021/12/25,17,(五) 挑出下列句中的狀語 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.,2021/12/25,18, With the

11、medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books.,2021/12/25,19,句子成份練習,1、You should study hard.2、The teacher got very angry.3、The boy told me his story.4、We elected him our monitor.5、The sun keeps us warm.6、I told him to open the window.7、We watched the

12、train leaving the station.,狀語,表語,間語+直賓,賓語+賓補,賓語+賓補,賓語+賓補,賓語+賓補,2021/12/25,20,8. I think it difficult to finish the work this morning.9. There seems little hopes of success.10、To our joy, they arrived safe.11、The fact is very clear that our team will win the game.12. After graduation he will work whe

13、re he came from.,賓語+賓補,主語,狀語,同位語,狀語,2021/12/25,21,有哪幾種常見的句型結構？,2021/12/25,22,按句子的結構可分三種：簡單句、 并列句和復合句。簡單句：只有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）。e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. They walked, talked and laughed.,2021/12/25,23,英語句子的基本結構可以歸納成五種基本句型,掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結構的基礎。

14、,一： （主謂）二： （主系表）三： （主謂賓）四： （主謂間賓直賓）五： （主謂賓賓補）,2021/12/25,24,2021/12/25,25,基本句型一 +i（主謂） 此句型的句子有一個共同特點，即句子的謂語動詞都能表達完整的意思。 這類動詞叫做不及物動詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、不定式、狀語從句等。,2021/12/25,26,2021/12/25,27,基本句型 二 + +（主系表） 此句型的句子有一個共同的特點：句子謂語動詞都不能表達一個完整的意思，必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構成復合謂語，才能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做連系動詞。系動詞分兩類：be, look, fee

15、l,smell,taste,sound等屬一類，表示情況；get, grow, become, turn,go等屬另一類，表示變化。be 本身沒有什么意義,只起連系主語和表語的作用。,2021/12/25,28,2021/12/25,29,系動詞詞義不完整，在句中不能單獨使用（除省略句外），后面必須接有表語，系動詞和表語一起構成合成謂語。,2021/12/25,30,一、系動詞的分類： 常見的系動詞大致可分為三類。 第一類：表示特征或狀態(tài)的，有be， look， feel， seem， appear， smell， taste， sound， turn out（結果是、證明是）等。 You d

16、ont look very well. I feel rather cold.,2021/12/25,31,He seems to be ill. The roses smell sweet. The mixture tasted horrible. How sweet the music sounds!,2021/12/25,32,第二類：表示從一種狀態(tài)到另一種狀態(tài)的變化，有become， get， grow， turn， fall， go， come， run等。 He became a world-famous scientist. It is getting warmer and warmer. It grew dark. The food has turned bad.,2021/12/25,33,第三類：表示保持狀態(tài)的，有keep， remain， continue，stay等。 Keep quiet, children! It remains to be proved.,2021/12/25,34,基本句型 三 +t +（主謂賓） 此句型句子的共同特點是：謂語動詞都具有實