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1、2018年11月翻譯資格考試三級英語筆譯實(shí)務(wù)真題及答案英譯漢Traces of microplastics and hazardous chemicals found in majority of snow and ice samples taken earlier this year.Plastic and traces of hazardous chemicals have been found in Antarctica, one of the worlds last great wildernesses, according to a new study.Researchers spe

2、nt three months taking water and snow samples from remote areas of the continent earlier this year.These have now been analysed and researchers have confirmed the majority contained “persistent hazardous chemicals” or microplastics.The findings come amid growing concern about the extent of the plast

3、ic pollution crisis which scientists have warned risks “permanent contamination” of the planet.Earlier this week, the UN warned it is one of the worlds biggest environmental threats and said although 60 countries were taking urgent action more needed to be done.The new report by researchers at Green

4、peace is part of global campaign to create the worlds biggest ocean sanctuary in the seas around Antarctica to protect the fragile ecosystem from industrial fishing and climate change.Frida Bengtsson, of Greenpeaces Protect the Antarctic campaign, said the findings proved that even the most remote a

5、reas of the planet were not immune from the impact of manmade pollution.“We need action at source, to stop these pollutants ending up in the Antarctic in the first place, and we need an Antarctic ocean sanctuary to give space for penguins, whales and the entire ecosystem to recover from the pressure

6、s theyre facing,” she said.Seven of the eight sea-surface water samples tested contained microplastics such as microfibres. Seven of the nine snow samples tested contained detectable concentrations of the persistent hazardous chemicals polyfluorinated alkylated substances, or PFAS.Researchers said t

7、he chemicals are widely used in many industrial processes and consumer products and have been linked to reproductive and developmental issues in wildlife. They said the snow samples gathered included freshly fallen snow, suggesting the hazardous chemicals had come from contaminated rain or snowfall.

8、Prof Alex Rogers, a specialist in sustainable oceans at the Oxford Martin school, Oxford University, said the discovery of plastics and chemicals in Antarctica confirmed that manmade pollutants were now affecting ecosystems in every corner of the world.And he warned the consequences of this pervasiv

9、e contamination remained largely unknown.“The big question now is what are the actual consequences of finding this stuff here? Many of these chemicals are pretty nasty and as they move up the food chain they may be having serious consequences for the health of wildlife, and ultimately humans. The ef

10、fects of microplastics on marine life, likewise, are largely not understood,” he said.There is relatively little data on the extent of microplastics in Antarctic waters, and researchers said they hoped this new study would lead to a greater understanding of the global extent of plastic and chemical

11、pollutants.Bengtsson said: “Plastic has now been found in all corners of our oceans, from the Antarctic to the Arctic and at the deepest point of the ocean, the Mariana trench. We need urgent action to reduce the flow of plastic into our seas and we need large-scale marine reserves like a huge Antar

12、ctic ocean sanctuary which over 1.6m people are calling for to protect marine life and our oceans for future generations.”參考答案：在今年早些時(shí)候采集的大部分冰雪樣本中發(fā)現(xiàn)了微量塑料和有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)。一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，研究人員在南極洲發(fā)現(xiàn)了塑料和有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)，這是世界上最后的幾片荒野之一。今年早些時(shí)候，研究人員花了三個(gè)月的時(shí)間從大陸偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)采集了水和雪的樣本。目前已經(jīng)對這些物質(zhì)進(jìn)行了分析，研究人員證實(shí)，其中大部分都含有“持久性危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)物質(zhì)”或微塑料。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)正值人們對塑料污染

13、危機(jī)程度日益擔(dān)憂之際?？茖W(xué)家們警告稱，塑料污染危機(jī)可能給地球帶來“永久性傷害”。本周早些時(shí)候，聯(lián)合國說，盡管有60個(gè)國家正在采取更為迫切的行動(dòng)，但其警告稱，這是世界上最大的環(huán)境威脅之一。綠色和平組織研究人員的最新報(bào)告是全球保護(hù)行動(dòng)的一部分，目的是在南極洲周圍海域創(chuàng)建世界上最大的海洋保護(hù)區(qū)，以保護(hù)脆弱的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)免受捕撈業(yè)和氣候變化的影響。綠色和平組織保護(hù)南極運(yùn)動(dòng)的Frida Bengtsson說，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)證明即使是地球上最偏遠(yuǎn)的地區(qū)也無法免受人為污染的影響。她說:“我們需要從源頭上采取行動(dòng)，首先阻止這些污染物進(jìn)入南極。我們需要一個(gè)南極海洋保護(hù)區(qū)，為企鵝、鯨魚和整個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)提供空間，讓它們從海洋污

14、染的壓力中恢復(fù)過來?！痹跍y試的8個(gè)海水樣本中，有7個(gè)含有微塑料，如微纖維。在測試的9個(gè)雪樣中，有7個(gè)樣品含有可檢測到的持久性有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)聚氟化烷基化物質(zhì)(PFAS)。研究人員說，這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)廣泛應(yīng)用于工業(yè)過程和消費(fèi)品中，并與野生動(dòng)物的生殖和發(fā)育問題密切相關(guān)。他們說，收集到的雪樣本中包括剛剛下的雪，表明危險(xiǎn)的化學(xué)物質(zhì)來自受污染的雨或降雪。牛津大學(xué)牛津馬丁學(xué)院可持續(xù)海洋專家亞歷克斯羅杰斯教授表示，南極洲塑料和化學(xué)物質(zhì)的發(fā)現(xiàn)證實(shí)，人造污染物正在影響世界各地的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。他警告說，這種無孔不入污染的后果在很大程度上仍不為人知。“現(xiàn)在的主要問題是，在這里發(fā)現(xiàn)這些污染物的實(shí)際后果是什么?”這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)中有許

15、多是非常有害的，當(dāng)它們沿著食物鏈移動(dòng)時(shí)，它們可能會(huì)對野生動(dòng)物的健康造成嚴(yán)重影響，最終危及人類。同樣地，微型塑料對海洋生物的影響在很大程度上是不為人知的。目前還沒有相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)表明南極水域塑料微粒的范圍。研究人員表示，他們希望這項(xiàng)新研究能讓人們對遍及全球的塑料和化學(xué)污染物有更深入的了解。本特松說:“從南極到北極，再到海洋最深處的馬里亞納海溝，我們在海洋的各個(gè)角落都發(fā)現(xiàn)了塑料。我們需要采取緊急行動(dòng)，減少塑料流入我們的海洋，我們需要大規(guī)模的海洋設(shè)施比如超過160萬人呼吁建立的巨大南極海洋保護(hù)區(qū)目的是為子孫后代保護(hù)海洋生物和海洋。漢譯英河南是中華民族和文明的重要發(fā)源地。中國四大發(fā)明中，指南針，造紙技術(shù)和火

16、藥都發(fā)明于河南。河南擁有厚重的文化歷史，大量的歷史文物，文物數(shù)量居全國首位。河南擁有大量的歷史文物和文化遺跡，8處國家級風(fēng)景名勝、358個(gè)國家重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位、4個(gè)世界級地質(zhì)公園、11個(gè)國家級自然保護(hù)區(qū)。河南是中國重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)大省，2017國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值穩(wěn)居中國第5位。2017年河南生產(chǎn)總值44,988億元，比上年增長7.8%，人均生產(chǎn)總值47130元，增長7.4%。糧食種植面積達(dá)10135千公頃，糧食產(chǎn)量5973.4萬噸，比上年增加26.8萬噸。全部工業(yè)增加值18,807億元，增長7.4%，社會(huì)消費(fèi)品零售總額19666億元，增長11.6%。全民居民消費(fèi)價(jià)格比上年上漲1.4%。河南是“一帶一路”的重要中心。河南已經(jīng)與200多個(gè)國家和地區(qū)建立貿(mào)易聯(lián)系