《八年級(jí)英語下冊(cè)Unit1What’sthematter短語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總新版人教新目標(biāo)版.doc-匯文網(wǎng)》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《八年級(jí)英語下冊(cè)Unit1What’sthematter短語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總新版人教新目標(biāo)版.doc-匯文網(wǎng)（11頁珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)趨R文網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、Unit 1 Whats the matter一、必背短語Section A 部分1.患感冒have a cold2.胃痛have a stomachache3.喉嚨痛have a sore throat4.背痛have a sore back5.躺下休息lie down and rest6.量體溫take ones temperature7.說得太多talk too much8.休息take breaks/a break9.下車get off10.拍X光片get an X-ray11.看見某人正在做.see sb. doing12.反復(fù)考慮think twice13.期待某人去做某事expe

2、ct sb. to do14.使驚訝的to ones surprise15.同意做某事agree to do sth.16.及時(shí)in time17.多虧，由于thanks to18.陷入困境；惹麻煩get into troubleSection B 部分1.休息幾天rest for a few days2.把放下；低下putdown3.告訴某人做某事tell sb. to do 4.告訴某人不要去做tell sb. not to do5.做某事有問題/麻煩/困難have problems/trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth6.對(duì)感興趣be interested

3、in7.習(xí)慣于做某事be used to doing sth8.過去常常做某事used to do sth9.冒險(xiǎn)take risks/a risk10.由于/因?yàn)?n./pron.because of11.處于險(xiǎn)境in a dangerous situation12.處于困境in a difficult situation13.用盡，耗光run out (of)14.準(zhǔn)備/樂于做某事be ready to do15.切除cut off16.如此以至于sothat17.以便于；為了so that/in order that18.離開；從.出來get out of19.做決定make decis

4、ions/a decision20.掌控，管理be in control of21.的重要性the importance of22.放棄give up23.用繃帶包扎put a bandage on24.繼續(xù)做某事keep on doing25.似乎/好像做某事seem to do【教材內(nèi)容解析】Section A1. Whats the matter? (P. 1)Whats the matter意為“怎么了？出什么事了？”，常用來詢問對(duì)方遇到什么麻煩或者有什么不順心的事，后接with sb./sth.表示“某人/某物怎么了” 。可以表示“你怎么了？”的句子有： (1). _ (2). _

5、(3)._ (4). _ (5). _ (6). _2. I have a stomachache. (P. 1)stomachache用作名詞，表示“胃疼、腹疼”，是一個(gè)復(fù)合名詞，含有后綴ache的常見復(fù)合詞還有： 頭痛 _；牙痛_；耳痛 _3. have a sore throat (P. 1) sore是形容詞，意為“疼痛的，酸痛的”可作定語或表語。常見短語： 喉嚨痛：_ 后背痛：_4. lie down and rest. (P. 2)(1). lie down意為“躺下”?！就卣?】lie用作動(dòng)詞可以表示 “躺” 或者 “位于”，還可以表示 “撒謊”。She is lying in

6、bed with a bad cold. 英譯漢_Beijing lies in the north of China. 英譯漢_It is a bad habit to lie. 英譯漢_【拓展2】lie及l(fā)ay一詞多義原形過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞lie（躺、位于）laylainlyinglie（撒謊）liedliedlyinglay（放置、下蛋）laid（laidlaying記憶口訣：規(guī)則撒謊，不規(guī)則躺；躺過下蛋，下蛋不規(guī)則。(2). rest此處用作動(dòng)詞，表示“休息”，rest也可以用作名詞，表示“休息”，常用的短語為 “休息”：_.例句：Lets stop working and hav

7、e a rest.5. Maybe you have a fever.(P. 2)maybe作副詞，表示“可能、也許”，常常放在句首，相當(dāng)于perhaps，可以與may be相互轉(zhuǎn)換。Maybe he is a foreigner.=He may be a foreigner.6. You need to take breaks away from the computer. (P. 2)need作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，不僅可以作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，還可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后接動(dòng)詞原形；作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后接名詞或者動(dòng)詞不定式（to do）作賓語。You neednt go to the meeting too

8、early. 判斷劃線詞性（ ）A.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；B.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞We need three more workers. 判斷劃線詞性（ ）A.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；B.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞He doesnt need to worry too much. 判斷劃線詞性（ ）A.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；B.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞7. Yeah, I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving. (P. without用作介詞，表示“無、沒有”，后接名詞、代詞或者動(dòng)名詞，反義詞是with。They left _ (with) saying goodbye. （用所給詞的正確形式填空） W

9、e cant live _(with) air and water. （用所給詞的正確形式填空）8. If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow, then go to a doctor. (P. 2)本句是含有if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句，可遵循三條原則： (1).主將從現(xiàn)：即主句用一般將來時(shí)態(tài)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。 (2).主祈從現(xiàn)：即主句為祈使句，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。 (3).主情從現(xiàn)：即主句含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。 翻譯句子：如果明天下雨，我將不會(huì)去公園。 _ 翻譯句子：如果明天不下雨，我們會(huì)去野餐。 _ 翻譯句子：如果你不擅長英

10、語，你可以向老師尋求幫助。 _9. .when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road. (P. 3)(1). see sb. doing sth.看見某人正在做某事，強(qiáng)調(diào)所看到的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。翻譯：I saw her dancing in the park at six yesterday.(2). see sb do sth 看到某人做了或經(jīng)常做某事。翻譯：I often see her dance in the park.10. The bus driver.stopped the bus without think

11、ing twice. (P. 3)(1). think twice意為“再三考慮、權(quán)衡利弊”。翻譯：You should think twice before you make the final decision.【拓展】think的相關(guān)短語think about 思考、考慮；think of 想起、認(rèn)為；think over 仔細(xì)考慮11. He got off and asked the woman what happened. (P. 3)(1). get off意為“下車”，反義詞是get on“上車”。翻譯：Before getting off the bus, you shoul

12、d take care.(2). happen表示“發(fā)生”的時(shí)候，作不及物動(dòng)詞，常用的結(jié)構(gòu)為：sth. happens to sb.“某人發(fā)生了某事”。翻譯：An accident happened to him yesterday and now he lies in hospital.12. Mr. Wang knew he had to act quickly. (P. 3)have to表示“必須、不得不”，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀上的必須，must側(cè)重于個(gè)人意志和主觀上的必須。翻譯：We have to walk home because the car has broken down.翻譯：We

13、must study hard. 13. He expected most or all of the passengers to get off and wait for the next bus. (P. 3)(1) expect的常見用法： expect to do sth. 期待做某事翻譯：The fans are expecting to see the football star. expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事翻譯：The man expects his son to pass the exam successfully.(2) wait的常見用法：

14、wait for sb./sth.“等待某人或者某事”翻譯：We are waiting for the result of the exam. wait to do sth.“等待做某事”翻譯：All the passengers are waiting to get on the bus. cant wait to do sth.“迫不及待做某事”翻譯：The children cant wait to rush out after the class is over.14. But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him. (P.

15、3) agree with sb. 同意某人翻譯：I cant agree with you more. agree to sth. 同意某事翻譯：Do you agree to the plan? agree on sth. 在某事上達(dá)成一致意見翻譯：They finally agreed on the design of the bridge. agree to do sth. 同意做某事翻譯：Her parents dont agree to marry (嫁) their daughter to the man.15. Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passen

16、gers, the man was saved by the doctors in time. (P. 3)(1). thanks to表示“多虧、由于”，后接名詞或代詞，作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于because of。翻譯：Thanks to the warm and sunny weather, oranges grow well here.(2).in time “及時(shí)”強(qiáng)調(diào)正好趕上事先約定的時(shí)間，沒有遲到。 翻譯：I am just in time for the plane.【拓展】on time “按時(shí)”指按計(jì)劃做某事，強(qiáng)調(diào)不遲到，不早不晚。 翻譯：Please hand in your

17、homework on time. 16. “Its sad that many people dont want to help others because they dont want any trouble,” says one passenger. (P. 3)(1) 本句是“It is+形容詞+that從句”，句中的it作形式主語，代替真正的主語that從句。翻譯：It is important that we should protect the environment.(2) other: 意為“別的、其它的”，常用來修飾可數(shù)名詞。the other: 表示“兩者中另一個(gè)”，是

18、特指；the other之后也可以加復(fù)數(shù)名詞，特指“其它的”。another: 表示“三者中另一個(gè)”。others: 用作代詞，泛指“其他的人或物”是復(fù)數(shù)概念。the others: 特指在一個(gè)整體中的“其余的人或物（全部）”。翻譯：We study Chinese, English, Math and other subjects.翻譯：There are three people in the room. One is a girl and the other two are boys.翻譯：You should think of others.翻譯：There are fifty-fiv

19、e students in our class. Thirty of us are girls and the others are boys.17. Bus No. 26 hit an old man on Zhonghua Road. 26. (P. 3)hit表示“撞擊、打擊”，表示“打某人某個(gè)部位”時(shí)用“hit sb.+介詞（on, in）+the+身體部位”，若打的部位較硬用on，打的部位較軟用in。翻譯：The man hit the little boy in the face.18. The old man had a heart problem and needed to g

20、o to the hospital right away. (P. 3)right away意為“立刻、馬上”，相當(dāng)于at once或者right now。Section B1. Someone felt sick. (P. 5)sick用作形容詞，意為“生病的、有病的”，可以作定語或者表語，而ill表示“生病的”，只能用作表語。I have to look after my sick grandpa. 問：sick在此處作_語。The old woman is seriously sick/ill. 問：ill在此處作_語。2. have problems breathing (P. 6)h

21、ave problems (in) doing sth. 意為“做某事有問題/麻煩”，相當(dāng)于：have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.。翻譯：She has problems (in) riding a bike. _3. As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks. (P. 6)(1). as用作介詞，表示“作為、身為”。As a student, you should study hard.(2). 辨析： used to do sth；be used to do sth；與 be /get

22、used to doing sthused to do sth.過去常常做某事記憶口訣：used to do 常常過； be used to do 被用做； be used to doing 習(xí)慣做be used to do sth.被用來做某事be /get used to doing sth.習(xí)慣于做某事翻譯：The boy used to play computer games. _翻譯：More and more wood（木材） is used to make paper. _翻譯：His father is used to watching TV before going to b

23、ed. _(3) risk表示“冒險(xiǎn)時(shí)”，既可以作名詞，也可以作動(dòng)詞，作名詞常和動(dòng)詞take連用，take a risk“冒險(xiǎn)”；作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。The fireman took the risk of losing his life and saved the boy from the burning building.翻譯：_4. There were many times when Aron almost lost his life because of accidents. (P. 6)because of意為“因?yàn)?，由于”，后跟名詞短語。在句中常和because引導(dǎo)的原因

24、狀語從句連用，不過because后面跟句子。翻譯：We cant go out because it rains heavily.=We cant go out because of the heavy rain. _例題：Did you have a sports meeting yesterday? No, we didnt. It was put off _ the heavy rain.A. Instead ofB. because ofC. as forD. across from5. But when his water ran out, he knew that he would

25、 have to do something to save his own life. (P. 6)(1) run out意為“用盡、用完”，后接賓語時(shí)，需要加上介詞of。翻譯：They ran out of their money. _(2) 動(dòng)詞不定式短語to save his own life在句子作目的狀語。動(dòng)詞不定式構(gòu)成的目的狀語可位于句首，用逗號(hào)與主句隔開，也可以位于謂語動(dòng)詞之后。翻譯：To learn Japanese, she went to Japan. _翻譯：You should work hard to get good grades. _6. He was not r

26、eady to die that day. (P. 6) be/get ready for sth.“為做準(zhǔn)備”The students are reviewing (復(fù)習(xí)) lessons to get ready for the coming final exams.翻譯：_ be/get ready to do sth.“準(zhǔn)備做某事、樂意做某事”The kind girl is ready to help anyone in trouble.翻譯：_7. Then, with his left arm, he bandaged himself so that he would not l

27、ose too much blood. (P. 6)(1) so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，用以說明主句動(dòng)作的目的，可以與in order that互換，從句經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)表示“能夠的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”，如can, could, may, might, will, would等。翻譯：We started early so that we could catch the first train. _翻譯：He studies hard so that he could find a good job in the future. _翻譯：We used the computer in order that

28、 we might save time. _(2) too much用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞或者動(dòng)詞，much too用來修飾形容詞或者副詞。翻譯：There is too much pollution today. _翻譯：The doctor asked him to lose weight because he was much too fat. _8. After losing his arm, he wrote a book called Between a Rock and a Hard Place. (P. 6)called此處為動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語，意為“被稱為、被叫作”，與name

29、d同義。翻譯：This is a book named/called Journey to the West. _翻譯：The Greens have a daughter named/called Kate. _9. This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of. (P. 6)seem用作系動(dòng)詞，表示“似乎、好像”，常用的結(jié)構(gòu)有：seem+adj./to be/that+句子。翻譯：The story seems true. _翻譯：What he said seemed to be

30、a lie. _翻譯：It seems that they are going to work all weekend. _10. In this book, Aron tells of the importance of making good decisions, and of being in control of ones life. (P. 6)(1) make a decision或者make decisions表示“做出決定”。翻譯：他們期待你來做出決定。_(2) in control of意為“控制、管理”。翻譯：Who is in control of the project

31、 (項(xiàng)目)? _(3). the importance of sth/doing sth. （做）某事的重要性 翻譯：Most students dont know the importance of studying hard. _11. His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience. (P. 6)(1) 在由so.that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中，so是副詞，與形容詞連用。其結(jié)構(gòu)是: “.so + 形容詞（副詞）+ that + 從

32、句”。翻譯：He was so glad that he couldnt say a word. _翻譯：The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people. _翻譯：Grandmother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her. _(2). keep on doing sth.意為“繼續(xù)做某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)繼續(xù)或者重復(fù)做某事。例句：You shouldnt keep on thinking about it.12. Aron loves mountain climbing and doesnt mi

33、nd taking risks. (P. 7) mind doing sth. 介意做某事翻譯：Would you mind opening the window please? _ mind sbs/sb doing sth. 介意某人做某事翻譯：Do you mind my/me calling you at night? _13. Aron did not give up after the accident and keeps on climbing mountains today. (P. 7)give up表示“放棄”，后接名詞、代詞或者動(dòng)名詞作賓語。翻譯：Dont give up

34、 your dream easily. _翻譯：He has given up playing computer games. _【語法講解】（1） should和shouldnt表示建議1 Should為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，意為“應(yīng)該；應(yīng)當(dāng)”，否定式為shouldnt，其后接動(dòng)詞原形，無人稱和數(shù)的變化。常用來表示征詢意見、建議、勸告、要求或義務(wù)等。 翻譯：你應(yīng)該喝加有蜂蜜的熱水。 _翻譯：He should put his head back _翻譯：你不應(yīng)該看電視。_2 Should用于主語為第一人稱的疑問句，表示征詢意見。 翻譯：我應(yīng)當(dāng)給它敷上藥嗎？ _翻譯：我們應(yīng)該告訴她這件事嗎？_ 【拓展】在

35、英語中，表示建議的說法有很多，而且都是中考考查的重點(diǎn)。主要結(jié)構(gòu)有： Would you like (to do) sth？你想要愿意（做）某事嗎？翻譯：你想要和我一起打籃球嗎？_ Shall I/we do sth ?我我們做好嗎？翻譯：明天我們?nèi)?dòng)物園，好嗎？_ Why not do sth ?為什么不呢？翻譯：為什么不給她量下體溫呢？_ How/What about doing sth ? 做某事怎么樣？ 翻譯：去游泳怎么樣？_ Lets do sth讓我們做吧。翻譯：咱們回家吧。_ Youd better (not) do sth你最好（不）要做某事。翻譯：你最好不要獨(dú)自去那兒。_（2）

36、 反身代詞1反身代詞可以用作一些動(dòng)詞(短語)或介詞的賓語，此時(shí)，句子的主語和賓語必須同一個(gè)人或物。(1). We must look after ourselves and keep fit我們必須照顧好自己，保持身體健康。(2). She often buys herself nice clothes她經(jīng)常為自己買漂亮的衣服。(3). Dont think too much of yourself!別過多地為自己考慮!2反身代詞在句中還可以用作主語或賓語的同位語，用來加強(qiáng)語氣，表示“親自、本人、本身”等意思。但反身代詞在句中不能單獨(dú)作主語。如：(1). I dont need any helpI can do it myself我不需要幫助，我自己能做。(主語的同位語)這句話不可表示成I dont need any help，myself can do it(2). If you want to know more，you may ask Miss White herself如果你想了解更多情況，你可以問一問懷特小姐本人。(賓語的同位語)3反身代詞在句中還可以用作連系動(dòng)詞的表語。如：(1). The little boy in the photo was himself照片中的那個(gè)小男孩就是他自己。反身代詞構(gòu)成的固定表達(dá)：4. by oneself意為“獨(dú)自，憑自己”，