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1、形容詞和副詞,一、形容詞的語法功能1.作定語 前置定語： a beautiful picture an honest boy 多個形容詞作前置定語時的排列順序：限定詞+數(shù)量形容詞+描繪性形容詞+大小、長短、高低等形體形容詞+新舊+顏色+國籍+材料+用途+被修飾的名詞the pretty little oldest Chinese stone bridgeten strong black plastic bags,后置定語：少數(shù)以a開頭的形容詞（absent, alike, alive, available） 及其他形容詞(concerned, present) 作定語時后置。He made f

2、ull use of English reference books available and learned a lot.People concerned will attend the meeting.由and, or, bothand連接的并列形容詞成對使用時。Everyone, old or young, will take part in the activities.,形容詞一般放在被修飾的名詞前面作定語，但考生特別要注意形容詞放在被修飾詞后面的情況：(1)這些形容詞，如：alive，afraid，awake，alone，asleep，worth等作定語時，常放于被修飾詞的后面。

3、The baby still asleep might be awake very soon.仍在睡著的那嬰兒可能很快會醒。,(2)形容詞在修飾somebody，something，anybody，anything，nobody，nothing等不定代詞時，需要后置。Is there anything wrong，Bob？You look sad.鮑勃，有什么不對嗎？你看上去悶悶不樂的。Oh，nothing much. In fact，I was just thinking of my friends.噢，沒什么，其實我只是在想念我的朋友。,(3)形容詞后面有介詞短語時，必須放在名詞后面。He

4、 is a student worthy of praise.他是個值得表揚的學生。(4)形容詞后面有動詞不定式時，必須放在名詞后面。Isnt it a problem difficult to solve?這難道不是一個很難解決的問題嗎？,2. 作表語We are hungry.He looks unhappy.注意：有的形容詞一般只能作表語。如表示健康狀況的：well, unwell, ill, faint以a開頭的：afraid, alone, asleep, ashamed 3. 作賓語補足語I think the book interesting.He found the work

5、difficult.,4. 作狀語形容詞作狀語，表示伴隨或結(jié)果，并不表達動作的方式。(2008北京高考)After a long journey，the three of them got back home，hungry and tired.經(jīng)過長時間旅行后，他們?nèi)嘶氐搅思?，又餓又累。He lay in bed，wide awake. He went to bed, cold and hungry. Funny, he pretends to know what he doesnt know.,副詞的種類1) 時間副詞：now，then，today，later，recently 等;2)

6、地點副詞：here，there，everywhere，away，off 等;3) 方式副詞：well，hard, happily, nervously, carefully 等;4) 程度副詞：almost，much，(a) little，nearly，rather，too 等;5) 頻度副詞：always，often，usually，occasionally，sometimes, hardly，seldom，never 等;,6) 疑問副詞：when，where，why，how 等，引導特殊疑問句;7) 連接副詞：where，when，why，how 等，引導主語從句、賓語從句或表語從句;8

7、) 關(guān)系副詞：when，where，why 等，引導定語從句;9) 其他副詞：seriously，instead，besides 等。,二、副詞的語法功能1.作定語Almost everyone has a car in America.The building there looks grand.2. 作表語Time is up.I thought I was over.3. 作賓語補足語I am very happy to see you back.Keep the light on if you feel afraid.,4. 作狀語Its raining heavily.Its a r

8、ather interesting job.This is just what I said.Eventually he arrived in Beijing.,注意：1. 有些副詞有兩種形式，一種與形容詞同形，一種以ly結(jié)尾，但它們的含義不同。 The station is quite near. He lives near. Its nearly 10 oclock. The cake is hard. We all work hard. I can hardly understand you.,2. 具有兩種形式的副詞 high wide deep close highly widely

9、 deeply closely,副詞的位置副詞修飾形容詞或其他副詞時，一般位于被修飾詞的前面，但enough要放在被修飾詞的后面。Although she did not know Boston well，she made her way easily enough to the post office.雖然她對波士頓不熟，但她仍然很輕松地到了郵局。,can not/never 與enough或too連用，表示“無論怎樣都不 過分；越越好”。I was riding alone in the street and all of a sudden，a car cut in and knocked

10、 me down.我在街上正獨自騎行，突然一輛轎車插進來把我撞倒了。You can never be too careful in the street.在大街上你再小心也不為過。,三、形容詞和副詞的比較等級（一） 原級as+形容詞/ 副詞原級+asTom is as tall as Jack.He speaks English as fluently as you.My computer is not so/ as expensive as yours.注意：1. almost, exactly, just, quite, nearly, half 等詞可用來加強asas結(jié)構(gòu)的語氣。This

11、 book is just as interesting as that one.,2. 幾種變化形式：as much + 不可數(shù)名詞 + asThere is as much water in this bottle as in that one.as many +可數(shù)名詞復數(shù) + asBob has read as many books as Mary.as + 形容詞 + 不定冠詞 + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) + asGerman is as difficult a language as Chinese.as + 形容詞 + 不可數(shù)名詞 + asBread is as important foo

12、d as rice.,“as形容詞(a/an)名詞as”表示同級比較，注意中間的形容詞和名詞并列時各自所在的位置。It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.一般認為教學如同科學一樣是一門藝術(shù)。,（二）比較級 形容詞/ 副詞比較級+thanJohn works harder than Mary.This picture is more beautiful than that one.This book is better than that one.,注意 ：1.形容詞、副詞比較級的規(guī)則

13、和不規(guī)則變化。 2. much, still, even, far, by far, a lot, a bit, a great deal 等詞可置于比較級前,加強語氣。Could you drive a bit more slowly? 3.以or結(jié)尾的含有比較意義的形容詞后接to不接than。如superior, inferior, senior, junior 等。He is 4 years senior to me.,4. 幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu) （1）the +比較級， the +比較級 “越，越”The higher he climbs, the farther he will see. (

14、climb，see)The more you use English, the more you will want to learn it. (use，want) （2）比較級 +and +比較級 “越來越” Our country is becoming stronger and stronger. My school is becoming more and more beautiful.,（3）主語 + 比較級 + than any (other) China is larger than any country in Africa. China is larger than any

15、other country in Asia.（4）倍數(shù)的表達倍數(shù) + as + 形容詞/ 副詞原級 + asThis room is three times as large as that one.倍數(shù) + 形容詞/副詞比較級+ thanThis room is twice larger than that one.倍數(shù) + the size/ length/ weight/ height/ width /+ofThis room is three times the size of that one.,（三）最高級the +形容詞/副詞最高級 +比較范圍He is the tallest

16、boy in our class.This is the most beautiful city Ive ever visited.,注意：1. 形容詞最高級前要加定冠詞，副詞最高級前可不加冠詞。She works hardest in our class.2. 形容詞最高級前有時加不定冠詞，或不加冠詞，不表示比較，表示“非?！?。He is a most clever policeman.This film is most interesting.,3. 最高級可被序數(shù)詞以及much, by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not quite等詞語修飾。He is by far the most popular singer in our pub.4. not, never之類的否定詞與形容詞或副詞的比較級連用，表示最高含義。How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.5. 有些表示“最高程度”的形容詞， 如 excellent, extreme, perfect, fav