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1、形容詞和副詞形容詞和副詞 v形容詞修飾名詞，說明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征。形容詞修飾名詞，說明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征。形容詞形容詞性質(zhì)形容詞性質(zhì)形容詞敘述形容詞敘述形容詞v直接說明事物的性質(zhì)或特征的形容詞是性質(zhì)形容詞，它有級的變化，可以用程度副詞修飾，在句中可作定語、表語和補(bǔ)語。例如：hot。Today is very hot.Its a hot day.v敘述形容詞只能作表語，所以又稱為表語形容詞。這類形容詞沒有級的變化，也不可用程度副詞修飾。大多數(shù)以a開頭的形容詞都屬于這一類。如，afraid 錯:Heisanillman.對：Themanisill.錯:Sheisanafraidgirl.對：

2、Thegirlisafraid.這類詞還有：well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake v（一）作定語v1前置定語v（1）形容詞作定語一般需放在它所修飾的名詞之前并盡量靠近被修飾的詞。在這種位置上的定語叫前置定語。語序一般為“冠詞（或其他限定詞）+形容詞+名詞”。He is an honest boy.形容詞的功能及位置：形容詞的功能及位置：v（2）若有多個形容修飾名詞，它們的位置要由它們與被修飾詞的密切程度來決定。其排列順序通常是：（縣官行令殺國材）v限定詞描繪性形容詞顏色國籍、地區(qū)用途、類別名：v縣，即“限”，指限

3、定詞，如：the;a/an;this;that;your;my;v官，即“觀”，指觀點(diǎn)或評價(jià)性詞，如：lovely;interesting;v行，即“形”，指形狀大小，如：large;big;small;little;round;v令，即“齡”，指年齡及新舊，如：new;old;ancient;oldv殺，即“色”，指顏色，如：red;green;orange;brownv國，指國家或出處，如：Chinese;Japanese;home-madev材，指材料，也就是用什么做的。如：glass;stone;wood1.Chinese,glass,a,beautiful,tableabeautif

4、ulChineseglasstable2.wonderful,my,garden,new,largemywonderfullargenewgarden3.a,round,table,smallasmallroundtable4.a,old,dirty,brownshirtadirtyoldbrownshirtvTony is going camping with _ boys.A.little two other B.two little other C.two other little D.little other two 答案：C.由“限定詞-數(shù)詞-描繪 One day they cros

5、sed the _bridge behind the palace.A.old Chinese stone B.Chinese old stone C.old stone Chinese D.Chinese stone old 答案A.年齡+國家+材料。v2后置定語v（1）作不定代詞的定語v修飾someone,something,anyone,anything,nobody everyone,nothing,no one,等不定代詞時，要后置。There is nothing new.She must have met something dangerous.v（2）前綴以a-構(gòu)成的形容詞作定

6、語時要求后置。v 常見的有afraid,alive,alike,asleep,awake等ThemanawakeatthattimewasMr.Smith.v（3）形容詞短語作定語時要后置。這些形容詞短語多是由“形容詞+介詞短語/不定式短語”構(gòu)成。It is a problem difficult to solve.v（4）形容詞成對使用時，由and/or連接的并列形容詞成對使用時后置。Everyone,young or old,will do it.v（5）表示方位、時間和數(shù)量等習(xí)語、詞組連用時后置 This is a river two hundred miles long.It is a

7、 bridge eight metres wide.v（二）作表語v1在連系動詞后要用形容詞作表語：常見的連系動詞有:be，look，feel，smell，taste，sound，get/become/grow，remain,而行為動詞則要用副詞修飾。The cake tastes delicious.He looks very tired.v2只能用作表語的形容詞：大多數(shù)形容詞可以用作定語或表語，但有些形容詞只能用作表語。v（1）以“a-”開頭的形容詞和content,ill,drunk,sure,liable,unable,well等詞。She is asleep now.The film

8、 is worth seeing.v（2）有些形容詞是以-ly結(jié)尾的，我們?nèi)菀装阉鼈冋`認(rèn)為是副詞，如lovely，friendly，orderly，motherly,lonely，likely，lively，ugly:（錯）He spoke to me very friendly.（對）He spoke to me in a very friendly way.v但有些以-ly 結(jié)尾既為形容詞，也為副詞，如daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early等：The Times is a weekly paper.The Times is published weekly.v（

9、3）作表語但不用人做主語的形容詞 convenient,possible,impossible,necessary,v（三）用形容詞表示類別和整體v（1）某些形容詞前加上the變成名詞化的形容詞，相當(dāng)于名詞，表示一類人，在句子中做主、賓等。the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind The young should respect the old.v（2）有關(guān)國家和民族的形容詞加上定冠詞指這個民族的整體，與動詞的復(fù)數(shù)連用，如the British，the English，the French，the Chinese等：The English

10、have wonderful sense of humor.v(1)whole與all：v the whole+名詞；all(of)the+名詞。He was busy the whole morning.He can remember all the words he learns.v(2)real與true：vreal一般指東西的真假,譯為“真的”；vtrue則指事情或消息的可靠性,譯為“真實(shí)的”：This is a real diamond。-Is that true?-Yes.I heard it with my own ears.有關(guān)形容詞的用法辨析有關(guān)形容詞的用法辨析v(3)tal

11、l與high：v Tall 指身高的高度，用于人和動物,反義詞為short He is very short/tall.vHigh 指物體的高度，另可形容價(jià)格,質(zhì)量等,反義詞為low The kite is flying very high.Tall和high都可用來指tree,building,tower等，但mountain只能用high形容。v(4)too much與much too：vtoo much表示“太多的”,修飾事物數(shù)量；vmuch too表示“太過,過分”,修飾形容詞或副詞：I am full because I have had too much rice.That coa

12、t is much too dear.v(5)lonely與alone：vlonely是表示心理活動的形容詞,“孤獨(dú)的,寂寞的”,作定語或表語；valone“獨(dú)自的,單獨(dú)的”,指無人陪伴,僅作表語,(作為副詞的alone可作狀語)：He lives alone but he doesnt feel lonely.vquick、fast與soon：vquick往往指反應(yīng)速度快,vfast往往指運(yùn)動速度快,vsoon則表示時間上很快即將發(fā)生：After a quick breakfast,he hurried to school.A train is much faster than a bus.

13、His father will be back to China very soon.vother與else的區(qū)別：vother放在名詞前；velse修飾不定代詞、疑問詞、little、much,后置,另外,or else表示“否則”,是連詞：The other students are on the playground Who else can work out this maths problem?Do you have anything else to say for yourself?副詞就是修飾或限制動詞或形容詞作用、表程度或范圍的詞 v作狀語作狀語：v1程度副詞：much,lit

14、tle,very,rather,so,too,still,quite,enough,almost,hardly.(1)程度副詞一般放在被修飾的動詞、形容詞或副詞的前面，放在to be或第一個助動詞和情態(tài)動詞之后 I can hardly believe what he said.I am very happy to be with you.The last time I spoke to Bob,he seemed very sad.副詞及其基本用法v(2)too(that,this,as,so,how,however)+形容詞+a/an+名詞 Ive never seen that big

15、an apple.This is too difficult a question.v副詞enough要放在形容詞的后面，形容詞enough放在名詞前后都可：If I had a long enough holiday Id visit Europe.There is enough food for everyone to eat.=There is food enough for everyone to eat.v2頻度副詞:often,sometimes,seldom,never,constantly,frequently,occasionally,usually等。v通常在不需要強(qiáng)調(diào)時放

16、在行為動詞前，放在to be或第一個助動詞和情態(tài)動詞之后。常用的這類詞：I often saw her walk in the park.He is always talking in the class.v3方式副詞carefully,properly,suddenly,normally,fast,well,politely,warmly,方式副詞一般放在動詞后 The girl danced beautifully.She speaks English very well.v被動語態(tài)中,方式副詞一般放在be與謂語動詞之間：The runner was badly hurt.English

17、is widely spoken in the world today.v4時間副詞，finally,yet,still,now,soon,lately,shortly,then,recently,already,before,early,late,today等。v時間副詞,尤其是表示具體時間的副詞，一般放在句首或句尾 He will be back tomorrow.They have already been to the UK twice.v5地點(diǎn)副詞，away,abroad,everywhere,outside,around,here,anywhere,somewhere,near,f

18、ar,up,down等。v通常置于句尾，有時置于句首，一般不置于句中,常用的副詞：The boys are playing outside.There you can see thousands of bikes flying.v(2)作表語：作表語：v地點(diǎn)副詞一般可以作表語,放在be等連系動詞之后,說明人物所處的位置：Imverysorryheisntinatthemoment.Ihavebeenawayfornearly20years.v(3)作定語：時間副詞(如now、then)以及許多地點(diǎn)副詞都可以作名詞的定語,放在名詞的后面：People now often have their d

19、inners at restaurants.Women there were living a terrible life in the 1920s.v(4)作賓語補(bǔ)足語：地點(diǎn)副詞一般可以作賓語補(bǔ)足語：Put your dirty socks away,Jim!v 注意“動詞+副詞”的賓語如果是代詞,則該副詞應(yīng)該放在代詞之后：He wrote down the word.He wrote it down.v(1)close與closely close意思是“近”；closely 意思是“仔細(xì)地”。例如：He is sitting close to me.Watch him closely.v(

20、2)late 與lately late意思是“晚”；lately 意思是“最近”。例如：You have come too late.What have you been doing lately?兼有兩種形式的副詞v(3)deep與deeply deep意思是深，表示空間深度；deeply時常表示感情上的深度，深深地。He pushed the stick deep into the mud.Even father was deeply moved by the film.v(4)high與highly high表示空間高度；highly表示程度，相當(dāng)于much：The plane was

21、flying high.I think highly of your opinion.v5）wide與widely v wide表示空間寬度；vwidely意思是“廣泛地”，“在許多地方”：He opened the door wide.English is widely used in the world.v6）free與freely v free的意思是“免費(fèi)”；vfreely 的意思是“無限制地”。He gives out free candies in the park.You may speak freely;say what you like.有關(guān)形容詞的用法辨析有關(guān)形容詞的用法辨

22、析v7）ago、before的用法：v“時間段+later/ago”“(多久)以后/以前”,用于過去時v“after/before+某個時刻”表示“在某時刻之后/之前”,此時兩個詞是介詞。He had an accident a week ago.Some years later,the boy became a singer.vago與before：ago只能用于過去時,before用于完成時：Have you been there before?She told me that she had left for BJ 2 days ago.v8）too、also、either、nor的用法

23、：vtoo(“也”)用于肯定句和疑問句的末尾,且用逗號隔開；valso(“也”)用于肯定句句子謂語動詞之前,be動詞之后；veither(“也”)用于否定句末尾,也用逗號隔開；vnor(“也不”)用于倒裝句句首：Are you American,too?I am also a student.He is not happy and I am not happy,either.He didnt watch the football game.Nor did I.v9）sometimes、sometime、some times、some time的用法：vsometimes(有時)用于一般現(xiàn)在時、

24、vsometime(在將來某時)用于將來時、vsome times(數(shù)次)表示次數(shù)、vsome time(一些時間)表示一段時間 Sometimes they go hiking in the mountains.I will meet your father sometime.I will stay here some time.I have been to HK some times.v10）already、yet的用法：v在完成時中,already一般用于肯定句,yet一般用于否定句和疑問句：Have you done it already?I have not had my break

25、fast yet.v11）hard與hardly的用法：vhard作為副詞意思是：“努力地,猛烈地”,vhardly是否定詞,意思是：“幾乎不”,一般與情態(tài)動詞can/could連用：They study English very hard.You can hardly see a person in the street.v12）“quite/what+a+形容詞+名詞”的用法：vquite/such/what.+a+形容詞+名詞;vso/too/how+形容詞+a+名詞;vrather+a+形容詞+名詞=a+rather+形容詞+名詞 I have never seen such a st

26、range guy It is quite a nice day for a walk.v13）rather與quite的用法區(qū)別：同very一樣,兩個詞都表示形容詞或副詞的程度,quite表示“不到最高程度但是比預(yù)料的好”,rather比quite更接近very的含義,含有令人驚訝的意思。見下圖對“nice”程度的描繪：Its quite a nice film (可能意味著不是一部最好的電影)Its rather a nice film (意味著比大多數(shù)電影都好)v14）farther與further的用法區(qū)別：v表示地點(diǎn)、方向或距離時兩個詞同義,意思為“更遠(yuǎn)、較遠(yuǎn)”vfurther還表示

27、“更多、進(jìn)一步、額外”等意思,此時不能換為farther They decided to go farther/further the next day.This problem will be further discussed.Every one of them had their further studies abroad.v15）maybe、possibly、perhaps的區(qū)別：vmaybe“可能,也許”,比另兩個較不正式、可能性不大；vpossibly“可能地,或者,也許”,可能性較大,在否定句和疑問句中表示“無論如何”；vperhaps“可能”,較為常用而且正式,可能性也不大

28、Maybe you are right.I couldnt possibly have finished this work in such a short time.I thought perhaps it was the dress you want.v16）most、mostly的區(qū)別：vmost作為形容詞和名詞時意思是“大多數(shù)的、大部分的”,作為副詞時意思為“最,十分、很”；vmostly僅為副詞,意為“主要地、多半地、大部分”地：I was at home most of the time when I was free.Most children are naughty.She i

29、s mostly out on Sundays.v17）(be)worth、(be)worthy of的區(qū)別：vworth一般被看作是介詞,后面接名詞或者動名詞,用主動表示被動含義,還可以用副詞well修飾；vworthy of表示“值得的、配得上的”,后面跟動名詞的被動形式 The car is worth￥3,000 This book is well worth reading several times.It is a thing worthy of being seen.v18）almost、nearly的區(qū)別：兩個詞意思相近,都表示“幾乎、將近”,大多數(shù)情況下可以互換,與否定詞連用

30、時用almost不用nearly.almost no 相當(dāng)于hardly any(幾乎沒有)。We are almost/nearly there.He had done almost nothing today.v19）a bit與a little的區(qū)別：v這兩個名詞短語經(jīng)常當(dāng)作副詞使用,修飾形容詞或副詞的原級或比較級,可以互換,語氣比rather弱。This digital camera is a bit(a little)expensive.It is a little(a bit)colder than yesterday.v 另外,a little可以直接加不可數(shù)名詞,a bit 則

31、采用“a bit+of+名詞(不可數(shù)或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù))”的形式 I have got a bit of a cold.Go and get a little water for me,pleasev注意 not a bit(=not at all)意為“根本不”,v而 not a little則意為“非常,不是一點(diǎn)”。v20）especially;specially;particular 特別地、尤其地v(1)especially 常用于正式文體,通常用來對前面所敘述的事情作進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充或說明，“特別地、尤其地”。v(2)specially常用于口語中，表示為了特別的目的、專門的。v(3)part

32、icular含有“特有的”和“個別的”之意。指從眾多事例中選出一個“個別的”，但有時也表示特殊，意義與special相同。I love this city,especially in winter.He come here specially to see you.Any particular places you want to see?v既是形容詞也是副詞的單詞有：early,late,long,last,next,first,near,enough,much,all,hard,alone,fast,slow,high,low,straight等等：It was a long holida

33、y He stayed there very long.Think hard then you will find a way.He is a very hard(難對付的)person.v大多數(shù)形容詞（性質(zhì)形容詞）和副詞有比較級和最高級的變化，即原級、比較級和最高級，用來表示事物的等級差v原級即形容詞的原形，比較級和最高級有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。形容詞、副詞的比較等級形容詞、副詞的比較等級構(gòu)成法原級比較級最高級一般單音節(jié)詞未尾加-er,-esttalltallertallest以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單音詞和少數(shù)以-le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞只加-r,-stnicenicernicest以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞，雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音字母，再加-er,-estbigbiggerbiggest以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，改y為i，再加-er，-estbusybusierbusiest少數(shù)以-er