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1、Welcome to our class,找出下列句子的錯(cuò)誤,1.The police is comimg soon. 2.The sad news make me cry. 3.My shoes is new .4.The rich is going to be looked after well.5.This pair of glasses are mine.6.The first class begin at eight every morning.,Man cant be perfect.,makes,are,are,are,is,begins,Lets try.,What did y

2、ou learn from them?,1、英語(yǔ)句子中的主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致。2、有些主語(yǔ)雖為單數(shù)形式，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)。有些主語(yǔ)雖為復(fù)數(shù)形式，意義為單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。所以，我們應(yīng)保持主謂意義上的一致。,Subject verb agreement主 謂 一 致 性,主謂一致,主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上必須和主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)保持一致。這是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中必須遵循的基本規(guī)則，也是英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)區(qū)別很大的地方。 主謂一致主要有以下幾種情況：,二、意義一致,三、就近原則,一、語(yǔ)法一致,一、語(yǔ)法一致主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：I often

3、help him and he often helps me.我經(jīng)常幫助他，他也經(jīng)常幫助我。We often help each other.我們經(jīng)常互相幫助。不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。,二、意義一致主語(yǔ)形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；主語(yǔ)形式為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義為單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：The crowd were surrounding the government official.人群包圍了這位政府官員。Maths is hard to learn.數(shù)學(xué)難學(xué)。,三、就近原則就近原則即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的主語(yǔ)。Th

4、ere is a pen and two pencils on the desk. 桌子上有一支鋼筆和兩支鉛筆。,and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上單數(shù)名詞或 代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有以下兩種 情況： 1). and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上不同的人或 物作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：He and I are both students of this school. 我和他都是這個(gè)學(xué)校的學(xué)生。 Time and tide wait for no man. 歲月不饒人。,2). 如果連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列結(jié)構(gòu)是指同一個(gè)人或物，或指同一概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，這時(shí)and后面的名詞前不加冠詞。,例如：A).表整

5、體概念的并列結(jié)構(gòu)：bread and butter knife and forkiron and steel law and orderB).配套事物：a watch and chain a needle and thread The knife and fork is on the desk.刀叉放在桌子上。,2.主語(yǔ)后面帶有with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, including, but 等引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須與前面的主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致。例如： The teac

6、her, together with his students, is planting trees in the garden. 老師和同學(xué)們正在花園里種樹(shù)。,3.如果主語(yǔ)是不定式，動(dòng)詞-ing形式或主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。What he is doing seems very important. 他正在做什么看起來(lái)很重要。Serving the people is my great happiness. 為人民服務(wù)是我最大的幸福。,4. 用連接的并列主語(yǔ)被each, every 或no修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Every boy and every girl in the class

7、 is diligent. 班里的每個(gè)男孩女孩都很用功。,. Every one of one of each of either of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 Each of the students has a book.,. One of your books is new.,5. each of + 復(fù)數(shù)代詞, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)用單數(shù)。復(fù)數(shù)代詞+ each, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如： Each of us has something to say.We each have something to say.我們每個(gè)人都有些話(huà)要說(shuō)。,6. 不定代詞all, more, some, any, n

8、one等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視情況而定。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)；但當(dāng)它指代不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)看作單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。All the apples are rotten. 所有的蘋(píng)果都爛了。All the apple is rotten. 整個(gè)蘋(píng)果都爛了。None of us are /is perfect. 人無(wú)完人。None of the money is left. 一點(diǎn)錢(qián)也沒(méi)剩下。,7. 復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 用單數(shù)。 Someone is calling you. 有人叫你。 Nothing is found in the room. 在屋里找不到什么東西。,8. 名詞如tr

9、ousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)；如： The scissors are sharp.,而形復(fù)義單的名詞如news;以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱(chēng)如physics, politics, 國(guó)名如the United States; 報(bào)紙名如the New Times; 書(shū)名如Great Expectations(遠(yuǎn)大前程)；以及the United Nations作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。,如：No news is good news.Great Expectations was written by Charles D

10、ickens in 1860.,9. 集體名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)， 也可用復(fù)數(shù)，主要由句子的意思決定。若指一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；但若指其成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這類(lèi)名詞有people, family, class, population, crowd, team, ground等。例如：The family is very big. Their family are watching TV now.Chinese people is a hardworking people.people here are very kind.,10. 有些名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

11、詞由上下文決定。這類(lèi)名詞有means, deer, sheep, Chinese, Japanese, fish等。如：Not every means is useful. 并非每種方法都有效。Not all means are useful. 并非所有的方法都有效。,11. 表示一類(lèi)人的 “the +形容詞(分詞)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The sick in the accident have been taken to the hospital.The lost have been found.,12. 表示時(shí)間、金錢(qián)、距離、度量等名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，不管單復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：

12、Thirty years is not a long time. 30年的時(shí)間并不長(zhǎng)。Two hours is enough for me to finish the work. 兩個(gè)小時(shí)對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)完成這項(xiàng)工作足夠了。,13. the rest of, half of, majority of, part of, a lot of, lots of, one of, a number of, a plenty of, percent of 以及分?jǐn)?shù)詞等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于后面名詞的數(shù)，即就近原則。如：A part of the students have arrived.部分學(xué)生已到

13、了。A part of the apple has been eaten by the mouse.這個(gè)蘋(píng)果的一部分被老鼠吃了。,14. 在表存在的there be 句式中，主語(yǔ)是兩個(gè)或多個(gè)并列名詞（短語(yǔ)），be的形式與最近的一個(gè)名詞（短語(yǔ)）保持一致。 There is a pen, two pencils and several books on the desk.=There are two pencils, a pen and several books on the desk.=There are several books, a pen and two pencils on the

14、desk.,15. 由here, there等引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中，若主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。如：Here comes the bus.Here is a pen and two books for you.,16. 用連詞 or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also等連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。如：Neither you nor I am wrong. Neither I nor you are wrong.Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys list

15、ening to the music. Not only the teacher but also the students enjoy listening to the music.,1. 由and連接的并列成分指的是一個(gè)人的雙重身份時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)，如果指不同的人或物時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 The worker and writer is from Wuhan. (那個(gè)工人兼作家) The worker and the writer are from Beijing. (那位工人和那位作家),謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)該跟主語(yǔ)一致還是跟表語(yǔ)一致?,We Chinese _ a hard-working peopl

16、eA. is B. are C. is being D. are being,此題應(yīng)選B。這里應(yīng)注意的是：我們通常說(shuō)的是主謂一致（即謂語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)保持一致），而不是表謂一致（即不是謂語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)一致），本題意為：我們中國(guó)人是一個(gè)勤勞的民族。,注意以下類(lèi)似例子：These two dictionaries are a present for my best friend JimThe planets were the object of his studyThe most important thing I need is booksThe best part of the meal is the coffee and cookies,When and where to build the new factory_ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided,析: 當(dāng)when和where加不定式指的是同一件事時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。,A,every并列使用時(shí)，動(dòng)詞取單數(shù)。,Every