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1、初中英語語法,稻田一中 李培軍,數(shù)詞,數(shù) 詞,數(shù)詞就是表示事物的數(shù)量和順序的詞，分基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩種。,一、基數(shù)詞:表示數(shù)目的詞稱為基數(shù)詞。,1.基數(shù)詞的形式： A從110：one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，tenB從 1119：eleven，twelve， thirteen， fourteen， fifteen， sixteen，seventeen，eighteen， nineteen注意：這里除 eleven，twelve，thirteen，fifteen，eighteen為特殊形式外，fourteen，sixteen，sevente

2、en，nineteen都是由其個(gè)位數(shù)形式后添加后綴-teen構(gòu)成。,C從 2199 ： 整數(shù)幾十中除twenty，thirty, forty，fifty，eighty為特殊形式外，sixty，seventy，ninety都是其個(gè)位數(shù)形式后添加后綴-ty構(gòu)成。表示幾十幾時(shí)，在幾十和個(gè)位基數(shù)詞形式之間添加連字符“-”。例如：21 twenty-one 76 seventy-six注意： forty的拼寫。D百位數(shù)：基數(shù)詞101999，先說“幾百”，再加“and”，再加末兩位數(shù)。 101 a hundred and one 320 three hundred and twenty 648 six h

3、undred and forty-eight注意：在幾十和個(gè)位基數(shù)詞形式之間添加連字符“-”。,E千位數(shù)以上：1000以上數(shù)目,從右向左每三位用“，” 分開,分別讀為thousand , million, billion 。例如：5, 237, 166, 2 34 讀作：,2,648 16,250,064,billion,million,thousand,hundred,and,five billion，two hundred and thirty-seven million，one hundred and sixty-six thousand，two hundred and thirty-f

4、our,two thousand, six hundred and forty-eight,sixteen million, two hundred and fifty thousand, sixty-four,2基數(shù)詞用法：,、表示具體數(shù)目,hundred, thousand, million不用復(fù)數(shù)。 表示不確定數(shù)目,用復(fù)數(shù)。即hundreds of(數(shù)百), thousands of(數(shù)千), millions of(數(shù)百萬)+ 名詞復(fù)數(shù),可以用many/several修飾，但不能與具體數(shù)目連用。 1) Our country has a population of 1,300 mill

5、ion people. 2) There are three thousand students in our school. 3) After the war, thousands of people became homeless. 4) Several / Many thousands of trees must be planted every year.注意：several thousands of trees = several thousand trees,即學(xué)即用：Many_ trees must be planted every year. A. thousands of B

6、. million of C. hundred of D. hundreds,four thousand of the students(學(xué)生中的四千人)four thousand students(四千學(xué)生),注意,、 “幾十”的復(fù)數(shù)形式可以表示： 幾十多歲 - “in + ones +整十的數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)” 年 代 -“ in + the +整十的數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)”My parents are in their forties. It was in the 1960s/ in the 1960sIn the nineties, most people go to work by bike.,、基數(shù)詞表示

7、編碼：Room 207 207房 Class 2，Grade 9 九年級二班 Page Five = the fifth page 第五頁 Lesson One = the first lesson 第一課Bus No.3 = the No.3 bus 3號汽車No. 1 Middle School 第一中學(xué),注意：用此種方法表示時(shí)，首字母需大寫，不加冠詞。,twenties，thirties，forties，fifties，sixties，seventies， eighties，nineties,即學(xué)即用：1.In his _(fifty), he started to learn Engl

8、ish.2.The city changed a lot _. A. in 1980s B. in the 1980s C. in the 19803. He graduated in _ of _ century. A. the sixtieth; twenty B. sixty; the twentieth C. the sixties; the twentieth4. He got the prize _. A. in his fifties B. in fifties C. in his fifty5.The winner is _. He is an _ boy . A. eight

9、-year-old; eight years old B. eight years old; eight-year-old C. eight-years old; eight-year-old6.He came to China _. A. at the age of 20 B. when he is 20 C. at age of 20,B,fifties,C,A,B,A,即學(xué)即用：1)How far is your uncles home from here? Its about two_ drive. A. hours B. hours C. hours D. hour2)Dont ta

10、lk to Simon like that. He is only an _ boy. A. eleven year old B. eleven years old C. eleven year old D. eleven years old,C,A,、“基數(shù)詞+名詞” 的合成形容詞作定語。Kate is an eighteen year old girl. 凱特是個(gè)18歲的女孩。eighteen的讀音以元音開頭，故其前要用不定冠詞an。注意：這種合成形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu)為：“數(shù)詞單數(shù)名詞形容詞”。復(fù)合形容詞中，詞與詞之間要加連字符“”。a seven-day holiday= a seven day

11、s holiday have a two-week holiday = have a two weeks holiday有兩周的休假ask for a three-day leave = ask for a three days leave請三天假,、表示時(shí)刻 （注意：表示在幾點(diǎn)鐘用介詞 at）1)順讀法-先時(shí)后分, “幾點(diǎn)幾分” 9:30 nine thirty 6:21 six twenty-one,3) 15分鐘：a quarter 30分鐘：a half 9:15 a quarter past nine 12:30 half past twelve,2)逆讀法-先分后時(shí) 表示“幾點(diǎn)過幾

12、分”，半小時(shí)以內(nèi)，介詞用past， 分鐘數(shù)+past +鐘點(diǎn)數(shù)。 10:10 ten past ten 8:20 twenty past eight,表示“幾點(diǎn)差幾分”，半小時(shí)以上，介詞用to， 60減原分鐘+ to + (下一個(gè))鐘點(diǎn)數(shù)。 9:50 ten to ten 7:40 twenty to eight,、表計(jì)量： “基數(shù)詞+度量單位+形容詞”The classroom is 7 meters long, 6 meters wide and 3 meters high.,Its already 7:40 now. When will the film start? _. We sti

13、ll have five minutes. A. A quarter to seven B. Seven past forty-five C. A quarter to eight,5:156:45,a quarter,分鐘逢15即 一刻鐘,4:40,（60-分鐘） + to +（小時(shí) + 1）,30分鐘,7:50,按順序讀基數(shù)詞,簡化法,3:30,half + past + 小時(shí),= 30 分鐘,2:10,分鐘 + past +小時(shí),30分鐘,1:00,基數(shù)詞（+ oclock),整點(diǎn),讀法,例,表示法,時(shí)間類型,one oclock,ten past two,half past three

14、,twenty to five,a quarter past five,a quarter to seven,seven fifty,我看我行：,.月、日、年：在2008年10月1日,、年、月、日的表示法：,on Octorber the first, two thousand and eight,on August the ninth,in May, two thousand and ten,注意：有日用 on 無日用in,on Oct. 1st , 2008,.月、日： 在8月9日.月、年： 在2010年5月,寫法：,讀法：,讀法：,1. The accident happened on_

15、. A. April 5, 2001 B. 2001, April 5 C. April 2001, 52. I was born _. A. in March 8, 1993 B. on July 9, 1994 C. on May, 1995,即學(xué)即用：,一個(gè)半小時(shí)兩個(gè)半小時(shí),two and a half hours= two hours and a half,one and a half hours= one hour and a half,、 “半”的表示法:,1. The boy always stays there for _. A. one and half hour B. on

16、e and a half hour C. one and a half hours2. The old man drank_ beer. A. two bottles and a half B. two and a half bottle C. two bottle and a half,“一兩天”“的表示法：one day or twoone or two days,注意：,“三年半”three years and a halfthree and a half years,再例如：,“一倍” once “兩倍” twice，“三倍” three times (三倍或以上 基數(shù)詞times),、倍數(shù)的表示法：,This box is five times as big as that one.=This box is four times bigger than that one., A + be + 倍數(shù) + as +adj.原形+ as +B. A是B的 倍 A + be + 倍數(shù) + adj.比+ than + B. A比B 倍,即學(xué)即用：1. This building is