七年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法和練習(xí) 一、代詞 1、 人稱代詞和物主代詞 英語(yǔ)的人稱代詞有三種不同的人稱形式：第一人稱；第二人稱；第三人稱。三種人稱又各有單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。在上列人稱代詞的不同形式中，還包含了主格、賓格兩種“格”的形式。這樣，從“格”的形式來劃分，英語(yǔ)的人稱代詞又可歸納為： 主格：I，you，he，she，it，we，you，they 賓格：me，you，him，her，it，us，you，them 此外，還有所有格形式。屬格：my，mine，your，yours，his，her，hers，its，our，ours，their，theirs 屬格又可分為兩類：一類是形容詞性物主代詞（my，your，his，her，its，our，their）即 “物主限定詞”；另一類是名詞性物主代詞（mine，yours，his，hers，ours，theirs），即 “物主代詞”。 人 稱 代 詞 第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 主格 I we you you she\ he\ it they 賓格 me us you you her\ him\ it them 物 主 代 詞 形物代 my our your your her \his\ its their 名物代 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirs 人稱代詞用法： （1） 人稱代詞主格：做主語(yǔ)，表示誰(shuí)怎么樣了，干什么了。 I am a teacher. You are student. He is a student , too. We/You/They are student. （2） 人稱代詞賓格：作賓語(yǔ)，表示動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象，一般放在動(dòng)詞的后面。 Give it to me. Let’s go.(let’s=let us) （3） 形容詞性物主代詞（my/your/his/her/its/our/their）+名詞。 （4） 而名詞性物主代詞（mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs）則相當(dāng)于形容詞性物主代詞+名詞，故其后不必加名詞。如： -Is this your book? -No,it isn’t,it’s hers(her book).[it’s Jim’s,it’s Tom’s.......] 名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞 　　為避免重復(fù)使用名詞，有時(shí)可用“名詞性物主代詞”來代替“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”的形式。例：My bag is yellow, her bag is red, his bag is blue and your bag is pink. 為避免重復(fù)使用bag，可寫成My bag is yellow, hers is red, his is blue and yours is pink. 練習(xí)： 1.________(我) am a teacher. 2.My father is talking with _______(我). 3.This is _______(我的) book. 4._______(他的) chair is blue. 5._______(我們的) classroom is big. 6._______(他) often plays basketball after school. 7._______(他的) teacher is good. 8._______(我們) buy a pair of shoes for _______(他). 9.Please pass_____(我們) the ball. 10._______(他們) are listening to the radio. 11.________(我) am a teacher. 12.This is _______(她的) bag. That is__________(他的) 13._______(他的) cap is blue. _____________( 我們的) are yellow. 14.Our chair is better than _________ ( they). 15.I will give the presents to________(they). 16.These books are________(I), and those are____(you). 17.My ruler is long. ________ ( you ) is short. 18.My bike is broken. May I borrow______ ( she)? 19.Can you show _______(I) your book? 20.It’s time for ______(they) to go home. 21.Mr. Green often tells _______(we) some stories. 22.These are not your desks. They are _____(our). 23.This is not my shirt. It’s _______(he) 24.I saw ________(she) in the shop yesterday. 人稱代詞和物主代詞練習(xí)： （一）用代詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1．There is a letter for________ (her 、hers) mother. 2．That is _____(she ) coat. The coat is red.??___(it)is a new one. 3．Whose pens are these? _______(their) are ______ (we). 4．Give _______(he) a toy, please. 5．________(we) eyes are black. 6．Tim and Bill are twins. _________(them) parents are teachers. 7．Give the book to __________(I ). 8．These books are __________(we). 9．That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big.( I ) 10．The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she ) 11．Is this _________ watch? (you) No, it’s not _________ . ( I ) 12．______ is my brother. _____ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _____. ( he ) 2、指示代詞 （1）this“這” ,其復(fù)數(shù)形式 these “這些” ,指代近處的人或物體 ; （2）that“那” ,其復(fù)數(shù)形式 those“那些” ,指代遠(yuǎn)處的人或物。 3、指示代詞 this that these those 作主語(yǔ),一般疑問句的簡(jiǎn)略回答 （1）Is this / that your aunt ? Yes , it is . No , it isn’t . 簡(jiǎn)略回答時(shí),用主格代詞 it 代替 （2）Are these /those your uncles ? Yes , they are . No , they aren’t . 簡(jiǎn)略回答時(shí),用主格代詞 they 代替 用所給的詞選擇填空 1、These are pens and ____ are pencils. (that, this, those) 2、Tom was sick yesterday. ______ is why he missed school. ( That, Those, These) 3、Which of______shirts are Tom's ( These, this, that) 4、This desk is mine, ______is hers. ( those, this, that) 5、The map of Beijing is better than ______of Tianjing. (this, that, these). 二、名詞 名詞: 名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。 1、不可數(shù)名詞:表示的事物,其數(shù)量不可以數(shù)清或者難以數(shù)清。例如: l water “水” , “水”的數(shù)量不可以數(shù)清; rice “大米,谷?！?, 其數(shù)量難以數(shù)清。不可數(shù)名詞用法上有兩大特點(diǎn): l (1)、沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式; l (2)、不能用不定冠詞 a / an 、基數(shù)詞、many 修飾。 2、可數(shù)名詞:表示的事物,其數(shù)量可以數(shù)清 ?？蓴?shù)名詞用法上的特點(diǎn): l (1)、有單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式; l (2)、能用不定冠詞 a / an 、基數(shù)詞、many 修飾。 3、單數(shù)名詞后加 s 或 es 變成復(fù)數(shù)名詞。單數(shù)名詞后加 s 或 es 的方法如下: l (1)、 一般情況,名詞后直接加 s (清輔音后讀 / s /, 濁輔音后讀/ z /) 例如: parents“雙親” ;aunts“阿姨” ;friends“朋友” l (2)、以字母 e 結(jié)尾的名詞,直接加 s (讀 / z /) 例如: uncles“叔叔” ;pictures“圖畫” l (3)、以字母 O 結(jié)尾的名詞,有的加 s ,有的加 es (讀 / z /) 例如: photos“照片” ;tomatoes“西紅柿” ; l (4)、以“輔音字母 + y”結(jié)尾的名詞,變 y 為 i,加 es (讀 / z /) 例如:family → families; party → parties l (5)、以 s x ch sh 結(jié)尾名詞,直接加 es(讀 / Iz/) 例如:buses“公共汽車” boxes“盒子” wishes“希望” watches“手表” l (6)、少數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的,有特殊形式。 man → men woman → women people → people child—children l (7)knife的復(fù)數(shù)形式是knives l 4、名詞所有格 :表示“某人的” , 名詞 + ’ 或 ’s 構(gòu)成 。其規(guī)則如下: l (1)、一般情況下,名詞后直接加 ’s: Jim’s (吉姆的); my mother’s(我的母親的) l 2、以 s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,直接加 ’: my friends’ (我的朋友的);his students’ l 3、一個(gè)人或物屬各自所有，或者幾個(gè)人共有,變成所有格。 l Jim’s and Kate’s aunts 吉姆的阿姨和凱特的阿姨 l Jim and Kate’s birthday 吉姆和凱特(共有)的生日 一、寫出下列詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 am_________ is_________ he _________ she _______ it ________ that_________ this_________ you_________ pen_________ desk_________ key_________ orange_______ boy_________ friend_________ parent_________ class _________ child______ shelf _________ bed _________ radio_______ photo_______ tomato_______ woman _________ man _________ strawberry _________ dictionary _________ box _________ watch _________ 二、選擇填空 ( )1.There ____ on the wall .They are very beautiful. A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos ( )2. The old man wants_________ . A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple C. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples ( )3. There _________two _________in the box. A. is ,watch B. are ,watches C. are , watch D. is , watches ( )4. The ____ meeting room is near the reading room. A. teacher B. teacher’s C. teachers’ D. teachers ( )5.___ shirt is white. A. My brother B. My brothers C. My brother’s D. My brothers’ ( )6. Today is September 10th. It is ____ Day. A. Teachers B. Teachers’ C. the Teachers’ D. Teacher’s ( )7. It's June 1st, it's _______ Day. A. Childrens B. Children‘s　 C. Childrens' D. Childrens's ( )8. This year, _______ is on May 9th. A. my mother's birthday B. my mothers' brithday　 C. my mothers birthday D. my mothers's birthday ( )9. This is ___ . A. Mike and Jim's bike　B. Mike's and Jim bike C. Mike's and Jim's bike D.Mike and Jim bike 三、變換句型（把下列句子變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)句）。 l This is my friend. l 2. This is a table. l 3.That is her brother. l 4.This is a book. l 5.That is an eraser. l 6.It is a red orange. l 7.He is a teacher. l 8. What’s this? 　 　 　 四、按中文意思填空 l 1. _____________(李明的)parents work in a big hospital. l 2. This is ________ (我妹妹的) Chinese book. l 3. ____________ (我的姐姐和弟弟的)rooms are very nice. l 4. ___________(王平和王明的) father is a hotel manager. l 5. Is this _________________(你的好朋友的)pen ? l 6. They are_________________(Peter 和Sam的) teachers. l 7. _____________(教師節(jié)) is on September 10th. . l 8. ____________(學(xué)生們的) desks and chairs are very new. l 9. _____________(趙敏的) shoes are white. l 10. _____________(John和Sally的)mothers are American. l 11. ________________(Tony哥哥的)computer is broken. l 12、It’s _______________(婦女節(jié)) on March 8th. 三、冠詞 只有不定冠詞a (an)和定冠詞the 三個(gè)，不用冠詞叫零冠詞。 1、不定冠詞a和an ： a用在輔音前，如 a pen a chair an 用在元音前an old teacher an English book 注意輔音字母第一個(gè)音是元音的情況：Ff, Hh, Ll, Mm, Nn, Ss, Xx這七個(gè)字母的第一個(gè)音是元音在說一個(gè)字母時(shí)要用an ,如an“F” (一個(gè)F) 同時(shí)注意字母U,它是元音字母，但它的第一個(gè)音是輔音，因此說一個(gè)U，應(yīng)為 a “U” 2、定冠詞the：當(dāng)一個(gè)名詞第二次出現(xiàn)時(shí)前面用the 。 注意在三餐飯（breakfast、 lunch 、dinner ）前不用the ,月份和星期前都不用the ,體育活動(dòng)的球類運(yùn)動(dòng)前面不用the 。 如:have dinner \ in January \ December \ Sunday \ play basketball play tennis (volleyball \ soccer \ Ping Pong \ chess \ baseball) 3、如單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前有this、that、my等代詞修飾時(shí)，則不再使用a或an。 冠詞練習(xí) l ( )1. There is _______ art room in the building. A. a B. an C. the D. / l ( )2. ----What color is _____ orange? --- It’s ____ orange. A. an, the B. /, an C. an, / D. /, the l ( )3. There is___ “u” and ___ “s” in the word “rulers”. A. a, a B. an, a C. a, an D. an, an l ( )4. It’s not ____English book. A. a B. an C. the D. / l ( )5. I have ___ very interesting book. It is about___ exciting game. A. an, the B. the, a C. a, an D. a, a l ( )6．Is that your ______ ?　 A．a(chǎn) picture B．picture C．pictures D．nice pictures l ( )7．Are ___ Kate’s ___? A．this, book B．that，book C．these，books D．those，book l ( ) 8.That’s _________ art book. A. an B. a C. the D are 四、數(shù)詞 l 1、基數(shù)詞 one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen l 2、序數(shù)詞 first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth l 口訣：默寫 數(shù)詞練習(xí) 1、Mr Green has ______ ( two ) daughters . 2、Kate is Mr Green’s _____ ( one ) daughter. 3、There are ______ ( twelve ) months in a year. 4、March is the _______ ( three ) month of a year . 5、They have _____ ( twenty ) computers. 6、I can afford _______ ( eight ) sweaters . 7、 Mr Green’s ______ ( nine) store is very big . 8、----How old is your friend ? ----She is _______( 12)years old . . 9、----How old is her father? ---- He is _______(30) years old . 10. January the_______month of a year. 11、February the_______month of a year. 12、April the_______month of a year. 13、May the_______month of a year . 14、August the_______month of a year. 15、December the_______month of a year. 五、介詞 介詞：本冊(cè)的介詞較少，主要用在介詞短語(yǔ)里面，如 l on：on