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1、小升初語(yǔ)法總復(fù)習(xí)匯總分 類(lèi)?一、名詞（可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞）?二、人稱(chēng)代詞?三、冠詞?四、動(dòng)詞?五、介詞?六、數(shù)詞?七、形容詞和副詞?八、there be結(jié)構(gòu)?九、句式?1.肯定句?2.否定句?3.疑問(wèn)句?4.祈使句?十、時(shí)態(tài)：?1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)?2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)?3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)?4.一般將來(lái)時(shí)?十一、“wh”的特殊疑問(wèn)句一、名詞名詞（表示人和事物名稱(chēng)的詞）專(zhuān)有名詞普通名詞特定的人、地方、機(jī)構(gòu)等專(zhuān)有的名稱(chēng)。第一個(gè)字母通常要大特定的人、地方、機(jī)構(gòu)等專(zhuān)有的名稱(chēng)。第一個(gè)字母通常要大寫(xiě)。寫(xiě)。e.g.Jim Green，New York，Bank of China，Peking University星期、月

2、份、節(jié)日、學(xué)科、報(bào)刊名也是專(zhuān)有名詞。星期、月份、節(jié)日、學(xué)科、報(bào)刊名也是專(zhuān)有名詞。個(gè)體名詞表示某類(lèi)人或東西中的個(gè)體，如：student,desk集體名詞表示若干個(gè)體組成的集合體，如：class,family 物質(zhì)名詞表示無(wú)法分為個(gè)體的物質(zhì)名稱(chēng)，如：water,rice,sand，hair抽象名詞表示情感，狀態(tài)，品質(zhì)等抽象名稱(chēng)，如：love，carelessness個(gè)體名詞和集體名詞多數(shù)可以用數(shù)目來(lái)計(jì)算，稱(chēng)為可數(shù)名詞，有單、復(fù)數(shù)形式；物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞通常無(wú)法用數(shù)目計(jì)算，稱(chēng)為不可數(shù)名詞，一般只有一種形式。英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中，只有可數(shù)名詞才有復(fù)數(shù)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中，只有可數(shù)名詞才有復(fù)數(shù)形式。名詞有兩種數(shù)的形式：形式

3、。名詞有兩種數(shù)的形式：1）單數(shù)（表示一個(gè)人或事物）；）單數(shù)（表示一個(gè)人或事物）；2）復(fù)數(shù)（表示多于一個(gè)的人或數(shù)）。）復(fù)數(shù)（表示多于一個(gè)的人或數(shù)）。名詞的數(shù)：名詞的數(shù)：名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成不規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)1.由元音字母的變化構(gòu)成：man-men,tooth-teeth,foot-feet,mouse-mice,woman-women2.有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式與單數(shù)的形式一樣：sheep,deer,fish(但也可以是fishes)3.有些名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)加-en:child-children,ox-oxenPractise1.peach_ 2.zoo _3.glass _4.fox _

4、5.lady _6.policewoman _7.house _8.photo _9.monkey _10.wife _11.rose _12.path _13.judge _14.map _peacheszoosglassesfoxesladiespolicewomenhousesphotosmonkeyswivesrosespathsjudgesmaps二、人稱(chēng)代詞和物主代二、人稱(chēng)代詞和物主代主格一般用在句子前面，賓格用在動(dòng)詞后面，I am Li Le.Call me le le.形容詞性物主代詞指“某人的什么”，my book(我的書(shū)),your puppy.(你的小狗)名詞性人稱(chēng)代詞指

5、什么是“某人的”This book is mine.(這本書(shū)是我的)Practise1._(他)is my brother.2.I had a letter from _(她).3.Its all right;its only _(我).4.Today _(我們)went in _(我們的)car;tomorrow _(我們)are going in _(他們的).1.5._(我)lend _(我的)books gladly to _(我的)friends and to _(你的).6.Can you help _(我)with _(我的)English.1.7.When _(你)go to

6、see _(你的)father,please take these books to _(他).8._(他們)found _(它)difficult to learn German.HehermeweourwetheirsImymyyoursmemyyouyourhimTheyit所有格所有格的形式單數(shù)人稱(chēng)名詞末尾加 schild-childs以-s 結(jié)尾的單數(shù)人稱(chēng)名詞末尾加 s waitress-waitresss不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)人稱(chēng)名詞末尾加 schildren-childrens以-s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)人稱(chēng)名詞末尾加girls-girls以-s 結(jié)尾的一些人名末尾加 sJames-Jamess下列

7、情況一般用“of”結(jié)構(gòu)：1.東西(沒(méi)有現(xiàn)成的復(fù)合名詞時(shí)):the book of the film2.東西的一部分東西的一部分:the bottom of the box3.抽象的概念:the price of success4.當(dāng)of短語(yǔ)中的名詞被另一個(gè)短語(yǔ)或從句修飾時(shí)：Cant you look at the book of the boy behind you?雙重s結(jié)構(gòu)也可以用于“of”結(jié)構(gòu)之后，如：a friend of my fathers,出現(xiàn)這種情況是因?yàn)樵谝粋€(gè)名詞前通常只用一個(gè)限定詞，又如：this son of mine,a friend of yours,a cousin

8、 of hers 等等。Isnt Frank a friend of yours?That silly uncle of Toms has told me the same Joke five times.冠詞不定冠詞a,an定冠詞the只能用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞零冠詞名詞前可不用冠詞不定冠詞的用法：1.表示“一”，“任何一個(gè)”或“不管哪一個(gè)”的意思。I have a sister and two brothers.2.在某些度量表示法中：We have PE lessons three times a week.3.用在單數(shù)的表語(yǔ)名詞前，以表示職業(yè)、

9、行業(yè)、宗教、等級(jí)等。George wants to be an engineer.4.在以what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中，單數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞前。What a pretty girl!5.一些常用短語(yǔ)中。have a good time,half an hour,have a headache.定冠詞的用法：1.用來(lái)表示“獨(dú)一無(wú)二”的意思。The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.2.表示“說(shuō)話的人剛剛提到過(guò)的人或事物”。There is a boat in the river.The boat is made of wood.3.用在后面跟有限定性介詞短

10、語(yǔ)的名詞前。the letter from America,the fourteenth of April4.用在泛指的樂(lè)器名詞前。He plays the piano.5.一些常用短語(yǔ)。by the way,in the morning,Whats the matter?零冠詞的用法：1.泛指的抽象名詞前。Life is very hard for some people.2.泛指的物質(zhì)名詞前。Water is very useful.3.泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前。Books are my best friends.4.泛指的“餐”名前。Come to have dinner/breakfast w

11、ith me.5.大多數(shù)的專(zhuān)有名詞前。He comes from France.6.語(yǔ)言的名詞前。She can speak French.7.在季節(jié)和節(jié)日的名詞前。Winter is the best time for skating.8.當(dāng)名詞前已有一些代詞修飾時(shí)。My brother is a soldier.9.在體育項(xiàng)目的名詞前。play basketball10.一些常用短語(yǔ)。at home,go to school,at night1.There is _notebook on my desk.I use _ notebook to keep a diary.2.There is

12、 _bottle on the table._ water in it is sweet.3.Wangs mother is _English teacher.She teaches in _ primary school.4.China is _ ancient country with _ long history.5.China has _ population of 12 hundred million._ Chinese people are _ great people.6.Her mother is _ university teacher.She is _ honest wom

13、an.7.None of _books should be taken out of _ room without _ permission of _ librarian.8._Party always teaches us to work for _ people heart and soul.9.She studies at _No.3 Middle School.She goes to _ school by _ bus every day.10.My elder sister is _student of _ English.She studies at _ college.Pract

14、iseatheaTheantheanatheThe/aanthethethe/The/aa四、動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞主要表示動(dòng)作，其次表示狀態(tài)或性質(zhì)，有時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣等形式的變化。小學(xué)階段所涉及的動(dòng)詞主要有：實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、小學(xué)階段所涉及的動(dòng)詞主要有：實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can,must 等。Be動(dòng)詞am,is,arewas,werebeenPractise1.He _ very good at English.2.My father and I _ going to Beijing next month.3._ you on duty the day before yesterday?4.Mr.Kin

15、g _ in London two weeks ago.5.There _ many kinds of animals in the zoo.6.What _ the date yesterday?7.Look!A little girl _ flying a kite.8.Who _ not at school last Monday?9.Have you ever _ to Japan?10.I _ not a nurse.I work as a doctor.isareWerewasarewasiswasbeenam動(dòng)詞的基本形式第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)現(xiàn)在式動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞be和和have的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)現(xiàn)

16、在式的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)現(xiàn)在式分別是is和has。動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式現(xiàn)在分詞hashadhavinggivesgavegivinggetsgotgettingreadsreadreadingsweepssweptsweepingplaysplayedplayingcarriescarriedcarryingPractise五、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生或存在的時(shí)間和表示方式的一種動(dòng)詞形式。小學(xué)階段所學(xué)的時(shí)態(tài)有：小學(xué)階段所學(xué)的時(shí)態(tài)有：1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：work/works2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/are working3.一般過(guò)去時(shí)：worked4.一般將來(lái)時(shí)：am/is/are going t

17、o work一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)基本用法介紹一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如：The sky is blue.天空是藍(lán)色的。2.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。常與時(shí)間副詞連用：always,often,usually,every,on Sundays,twice a week等。如：I get up at six every day.我天天六點(diǎn)起床。3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)基本結(jié)構(gòu)一、寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ pass_

18、 carry _二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.He often _(have)dinner at home.2.Daniel and Tommy _(be)in Class One.3.We _(not watch)TV on Monday.4.Nick _(not go)to the zoo on Sunday.5._ they _(like)the World Cup?6._ your parents _(read)newspapers every day?7.The girl _(teach)us English on Sundays.8.She and I _(take)a wa

19、lk together every evening。?三、按照要求改寫(xiě)句子1.Daniel watches TV every evening.(改為否定句)_2.I do my homework every day.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作否定回答)_3.She likes milk.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作肯定回答)_4.We go to school every morning.(改為否定句)_四、改錯(cuò)(劃出錯(cuò)誤的地方，將正確的寫(xiě)在橫線上)1.Is your brother speak English?_2.Does he likes going fishing?_3.He likes play

20、games after class._4.Mr.Wu teachs us English._5.She dont do her homework on Sundays._現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)通常表示說(shuō)話時(shí)或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生或通常表示說(shuō)話時(shí)或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行著的動(dòng)作。它所表示的動(dòng)作具有進(jìn)行著的動(dòng)作。它所表示的動(dòng)作具有持續(xù)性、暫時(shí)性和未完成性。持續(xù)性、暫時(shí)性和未完成性。常見(jiàn)的與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)有關(guān)的詞有：常見(jiàn)的與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)有關(guān)的詞有：now,these days,look,listen等?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則1一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2以不發(fā)音的以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加加

21、ing，如：如：make-making,taste-tasting3假如末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加ing如：run-running,stop-stopping?現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)：一、寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：一、寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：run_ swim _make_ begin_go_ like_write_ shop _have _sing _dance _put_see_ love_ live_ take_come _ get _stop_ sit _二、用所給的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空：二、用所給的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空：1.The boy _

22、(draw)a picture now.2.Listen.Some girls _(sing)in the classroom.3.My mother _(cook)some nice foodnow.4.What _ you _(do)now?5.Look.They _(have)an English lesson.三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1.They are doing housework.(分別改成一般疑問(wèn)句和否定句)_2The students are cleaning the classroom.(改一般疑問(wèn)句并作肯定和否定回答)_一般過(guò)去時(shí)通常表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或通常表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)

23、間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，其中也包括習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。存在的狀態(tài)，其中也包括習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用：yesterday,last,ago,just now,in 1998等?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化規(guī)則：1一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed，如：work-worked,2結(jié)尾是e加d，如：live-lived 3末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加-如：stop-stopped4以“輔音字母 y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i，再加-ed，如：study-studied5不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式：不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式：am、is-was,are-were,do-did see-saw

24、,say-said,give-gave,get-gotgo-went,come-came,have-had,eat-atetake-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,swim-swam,sit-sat一、用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.It _(be)Bens birthday last Friday.2.We all _(have)a good time last night.3.He _(jump)high on last Sports Day.4.Helen _

25、(milk)a cow on Friday.5.She likes _ newspapers,but she _a book yesterday.(read)6._ they _(sweep)the floor on Sunday?No,they _.7.I _(watch)a cartoon on Monday.一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。常與一些表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用：常與一些表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用：tomorrow,next,Be going to do 表示主體現(xiàn)在打算在最近或?qū)?lái)要做某事；也可以表示“預(yù)見(jiàn)”，即現(xiàn)在已有跡象表明將要發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生某種情況?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)練習(xí)：填空。1

26、.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends.I _ have a picnic with my friends.2.下個(gè)星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打籃球。What _ _ _ _ _next Monday?I _ _ _ play basketball.（同義句3.你媽媽這個(gè)周末去購(gòu)物嗎？是，她要去買(mǎi)一些水果。你媽媽這個(gè)周末去購(gòu)物嗎？是，她要去買(mǎi)一些水果。_ your mother _ _ go shopping this _?Yes,she _.She _ _ _ buy some fruit.4.你們打算什么時(shí)候見(jiàn)面。What tim

27、e _ you _ _ meet?1.Today is a sunny day.We _(have)a picnic this afternoon.2.My brother _(go)to Shanghai next week.3.Tom often _(go)to school on foot.But today is rain.He _(go)to school by bike.4.What do you usually do at weekends?I usually _(watch)TV and _(catch)insects?5.Its Friday today.What _she

28、_(do)this weekend?She _(watch)TV and _(catch)insects.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Peter _(play)basketball twice a week.2.Do you believe what he _(say)just now?3.Look!The lazy cat _(sleep)in the sofa.4.There _(be)a book and two pens on the desk.5._you _(see)a film tomorrow morning?6.She _(not play)the guitar at the

29、moment.7.What _his father usually _(do)in the evening?8.They _(have)a meeting next week,arent they?9.Both he and I _(be)teachers.10.I _(not feel)very well yesterday.11.He put on his coat and _(go)out.12.Lei Feng often _(help)others and he was helpful.13.Next Sunday,we _(clean)up the park.14.Hurry!Yo

30、ur mother _(wait)for you at the school gate.summary playssaidis sleepingisAregoing to seeisnt playingdoesdoare going to havearedidnt feelwenthelpsare going to cleanis waiting六、介詞六、介詞介詞在句子中表示名詞或代詞等與其他詞之間的關(guān)系。不能單獨(dú)作句子成分，常位于名詞或代詞（或與之相當(dāng)?shù)钠渌~類(lèi)、短語(yǔ)、從句）子成分，常位于名詞或代詞（或與之相當(dāng)?shù)钠渌~類(lèi)、短語(yǔ)、從句）前面構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)。介詞后面的成分作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。方位介詞i

31、n,on,at,under,to,behind,beside,near,before,in front of,next to,between時(shí)間介詞in,on,at,after,before,fromto,past,between其它of,by,with,into,out of,for,Practise1.Look _ the picture.Its picture_ my school.2.There is a school building _ my school.It has five floors._ the school building,there is a big playgro

32、und._school,the children always play ball games there.3.My classroom is_ the fifth floor.Its big and clean.4.Miss Li is our class teacher.She comes _ school early every morning.She comes _bicycle.Then she does morning exercises _us.She likes sports.Tomorrow is her birthday.We will make a card _ her.

33、We love her very much.5.There are some apples _ the tree.atofinNearAfterontobywithforon七、數(shù)詞1.表示數(shù)目的詞稱(chēng)為基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目的詞稱(chēng)為基數(shù)詞2.表示數(shù)目順序的詞稱(chēng)為序數(shù)詞1.112的基數(shù)詞：one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve1319的基數(shù)詞：thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen2090的基數(shù)詞：twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety2129的基數(shù)：twenty-one,twenty-two,twenty-three,twenty-four,twenty-five