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1、專題1動(dòng)詞（2）主謂一致語法專題第一部分 語法篇內(nèi)容索引重溫高考專題精析考點(diǎn)集訓(xùn)綜合演練重溫高考單句語法填空/單句改錯(cuò)1.While running regularly cant make you live forever，the review says it_(be)more effective at lengthening life than walking，cycling or swimming.(2018全國(guó)卷)2.Fast food_(be)full of fat and salt；by eating more fast food people will get more salt

2、and fat than they need in their diet.(2017全國(guó)卷)3.Leaving the less important things until tomorrow_(be)often acceptable.(2016全國(guó)卷)4.This cycle_(go)day after day：The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures.(全國(guó)卷)5.The clas

3、sroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks，and mistakes as well.(2018全國(guó)卷)6.He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us.(2016浙江高考)專題精析創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)No.3No.2No.1主謂一致是指謂語動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上和主語一致，一般遵循三個(gè)原則，即語法一致原則、就近一致原則和意義一致原則。一、語法一致原則主語的單復(fù)數(shù)決定了謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。1.動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、從句、不定代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。

4、Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.聽音樂使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。Everything is in a complete mass，which drives people crazy.所有的事情都毫無頭緒，讓人發(fā)瘋。Neither of us has gone through regular training.我們兩個(gè)都沒受過正規(guī)的訓(xùn)練。創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)No.3No.2No.1名師指津 what引導(dǎo)的從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式，但如果從句表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，則謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。What he said is f

5、ar from the truth.他的話與事實(shí)相差太遠(yuǎn)了。What the school needs are qualified teachers.這個(gè)學(xué)校需要的是合格的老師。從句作主語時(shí),若主句謂語部分為系表結(jié)構(gòu),主句謂語的數(shù)通常由作表語的名詞/代詞決定What they need most _(be)money while what we need most _(be)textbooks.創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)No.3No.2No.12.主語后接介詞短語或其他插入語，如with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather

6、 than，including，in addition to等，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與前面的主語保持一致。The teacher as well as his students was very excited.老師和他的學(xué)生們都很興奮。I think Tom，rather than you is to blame for the accident.我認(rèn)為是湯姆而不是你該為這起事故負(fù)責(zé)任。創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)No.3No.2No.13.and，both.and.連接兩個(gè)不同的主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；但是如果由and連接的兩個(gè)名詞表示同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Her teach

7、er and her friends are in the sitting-room.她的老師和朋友都在客廳。The poet and writer has produced many works.這位詩(shī)人兼作家寫出了許多作品。A knife and fork is used on the table in western countries.刀叉被用在西方國(guó)家的餐桌上。創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)No.3No.2No.1every/each/no+名詞+and+every/each/no+名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。Every hour and every minute is very valuab

8、le to us.英語中并列結(jié)構(gòu)表示整體概念的有：iron and steel 鋼鐵 law and order 治安bread and butter 黃油面包a watch and chain 一塊帶鏈的表a knife and fork 一副刀叉a coat and tie 一件配有領(lǐng)帶的上衣aim and end 目的truth and honesty 真誠(chéng)創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)No.3No.2No.14.定語從句中關(guān)系代詞作主語時(shí)，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要與先行詞保持一致。My friend showed me around the town，which was very attractive.我

9、的朋友帶我參觀了這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)，它非常迷人。注意：（1）one of復(fù)數(shù)名詞，后面的定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，（2）the/the only/the very/the first/the last 等限定詞+one of復(fù)數(shù)名詞，后面所接的定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞卻用單數(shù)He is one of the students who have taken part in the activity.He is the only one of the students who has taken part in the activity.創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)No.3No.2No.15.“many a/more th

10、an one單數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。each，every，no所修飾的名詞作主語時(shí)，即使有and連接，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process.很多父母都被迫經(jīng)歷了這一段相同的痛苦的過程。Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held on Sunday.每個(gè)男生和女生都希望參加即將在周日舉辦的聚會(huì)。6.由兩部分構(gòu)成的表示物體的名詞，如：trousers(褲子),clothes(衣服),glasses(眼鏡)

11、,chopsticks(筷子),scissors(剪刀),compasses(圓規(guī)),gloves(手套)等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。但當(dāng)主 語 被 kind of/type of/pair of/amount of等修飾時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的形式須根據(jù)kind/type/pair/amount等的數(shù)來確定。Jims trousers are brown.吉姆的褲子是棕色的。This pair of trousers was made by Master Li.這條褲子是李師傅做的。創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)No.3No.2No.1二、意義一致原則意義一致原則指不管主語的形式是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，主語的意義決定了謂語

12、動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。1.集體名詞作主語時(shí)，若被看作一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；若被看作是構(gòu)成集體的一個(gè)個(gè)成員，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見的集體名詞有：family，class，team，group，public，committee，government，audience等。The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.這個(gè)班由25個(gè)男生和20個(gè)女生組成。The class are doing experiment.全班學(xué)生都在做實(shí)驗(yàn)。創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)No.3No.2No.12.“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)/the majorityof名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于o

13、f后名詞的數(shù)以及其表示的意義；all，some，half，most，the rest等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語實(shí)際表達(dá)的意義。About one third of the books are worth reading.這些書中大約有1/3值得一讀。Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday.昨天只做了60%的工作。The rest of the apples _ red.剩下的蘋果都是紅的All of this is wonderful，but the best part of this film is the acting.所有這

14、些都很精彩，但電影最精彩的部分是表演。創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)No.3No.2No.13.“the形容詞”表示一類人在句中作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.病人已被治愈，失蹤的人也都找到了。4.a quantity of后既可接不可數(shù)名詞，也可接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于quantity的數(shù)。quantities of后無論接可數(shù)名詞還是接不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞均用復(fù)數(shù)形式。A quantity of time has been wasted on the project.Quantitie

15、s of time have been wasted on the project.大量的時(shí)間被浪費(fèi)在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目上。創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)No.3No.2No.15.“a number of復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，“the number of復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。A number of students have gone for an outing.許多學(xué)生去遠(yuǎn)足了。The number of the students is increasing year after year.學(xué)生的數(shù)量逐年增加。創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)No.3No.2No.16.表示時(shí)間、距離、重量、金

16、額等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.對(duì)于一個(gè)男孩來說，3 000美元是一筆大數(shù)目。7.以-s/-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞及news作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Bad news travels quickly.諺壞事傳千里。Physics is my favourite subject.創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)No.3No.2No.1 8.（1）國(guó)名、人名、報(bào)紙名、書名等專有名詞有 些雖以-s結(jié)尾,形式上是復(fù)數(shù),但它們作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。The United Nations was founded in 1945.聯(lián)合國(guó)成立于1945年。（2）山脈、群島、瀑布、運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)等以s結(jié)尾的專有名詞 The Olympic Games are held once every four years.9.單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞，如means，works，deer，fish，sheep等 Every means has been tried.All possible means have be