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1、大學(xué)英語語法大學(xué)英語語法 主謂一致主謂一致 主謂一致主謂一致 Subject-verb Concordn n“一致”（concord或agreement）指句子成分之間或詞語之間在語法形式上的協(xié)調(diào)關(guān)系。主謂一致指主語和謂語動詞之間在“人稱”和“數(shù)”的方面的一致關(guān)系，這又叫做“主-動一致”（Subject-verb Concord）。指導(dǎo)原則指導(dǎo)原則n1.語法一致原則（Grammatical Concord)n n主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。謂語動詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。n nThe number of e

2、rrors The number of errors waswas surprising.surprising.n nJane and Mary Jane and Mary looklook alike.alike.n2.意義一致原則（Notional Concord）n n1 1）主語形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞為復(fù)數(shù)。）主語形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞為復(fù)數(shù)。n nThe crowd The crowd were were running for their lives.running for their lives.指導(dǎo)原則指導(dǎo)原則n n單數(shù)形式代表復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容的詞有：單數(shù)形

3、式代表復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容的詞有：people,police,cattle,militiapeople,police,cattle,militia等。等。n n2)2)主語形式為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義上卻是單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。主語形式為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義上卻是單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。n nThe news was very exciting.The news was very exciting.n n形復(fù)意單的單詞有形復(fù)意單的單詞有news,works news,works（工廠）和一些以（工廠）和一些以icsics結(jié)尾的結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱，學(xué)科名稱，physics,economicsphysics,economics等。等

4、。n3.就近原則（Principle of Proximity）n n謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語。如用連詞謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語。如用連詞or,eitheror,neithernor,not only,but alsoor,eitheror,neithernor,not only,but also等連接的并列等連接的并列主語，如果一個是單數(shù)，一個是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞與靠近它主語，如果一個是單數(shù)，一個是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞與靠近它的主語一致。的主語一致。n nEither your students or Mr.Wang Either your students or Mr

5、.Wang knowsknows this.this.I.以以S結(jié)尾的名詞作主語的主謂一致結(jié)尾的名詞作主語的主謂一致n n1.以以S結(jié)尾的表示疾病的名詞作主語時謂結(jié)尾的表示疾病的名詞作主語時謂語用單數(shù)語用單數(shù)n n arthritis:關(guān)節(jié)炎 bronchitis:支氣管炎 n n mumps:腮腺炎 diabetes:糖尿病 n n phlebitis:靜脈炎n n但是measles(麻疹)，rickets(軟骨病)謂語可用單/復(fù)數(shù)n n2.以以S結(jié)尾的表示游戲名稱的名詞謂語常結(jié)尾的表示游戲名稱的名詞謂語常用單數(shù)用單數(shù)I.以以S結(jié)尾的名詞作主語的主謂一致結(jié)尾的名詞作主語的主謂一致n ndar

6、ts:投鏢游戲dominoes:多米諾骨牌n nmarbles:打彈子游戲 billiards:臺球n n但cards(打紙牌)用復(fù)數(shù)；n n當(dāng)它們表示所用工具時謂語用復(fù)數(shù)n nDarts is often played in English pubs.n nTwo darts are thrown at every turn.n n3.以以ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱通常用單數(shù)結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱通常用單數(shù)n nmathematics:數(shù)學(xué) physics:物理學(xué)n noptics:光學(xué) statistics:統(tǒng)計學(xué)n npolitics:政治學(xué) acoustics:聲學(xué)/音響效果n neconomics

7、:經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) athletics:體育學(xué)n nmechanics:機械學(xué) semantics:語義學(xué)n nlinguistics:語言學(xué) tactics:兵法/策略n n當(dāng)這類名詞表示學(xué)科以外的其它意義時用作復(fù)數(shù)n nStatistics is not as difficult as some people think.n nThe latest statistics on crime are beyond description.n n注:下列以ics結(jié)尾的名詞僅用作單數(shù)n nclassics:杰作,著作 comics:連環(huán)圖畫n nethics:倫理學(xué) cosmetics:化妝品n4.以S 結(jié)

8、尾的地理名稱如山脈，海峽，瀑布，群島等謂語動詞通常用作復(fù)數(shù)n nthe West Indies西印度群島 n nthe Bahamas巴哈馬群島n nthe Himalayas喜馬拉雅山脈 n nthe Straits of Gibraltar直布羅陀海峽 n nthe Niagara Falls 尼亞加拉瀑布n nthe Rockies 落基山脈 n n但如果是國名，則用作單數(shù)，如:the United States,the United Nations,the Netherlands（荷蘭）。n5.由二部分組成的物體通常以S結(jié)尾，如果不帶“一把”等單位詞而單獨使用，通常用作復(fù)數(shù)。n nsc

9、issors剪子 shears 大剪刀 pincers、tongs 鉗子 pliers 老虎鉗 pajamas 睡衣，寬長褲 suspenders吊褲帶 knickers短褲，燈籠褲 pants 褲子 jeans 工裝褲 shorts 短褲 briefs 三角褲 shoes glasses/spectacles 眼鏡 binoculars 望遠(yuǎn)鏡 chopsticksn如帶有單位詞，則由單位詞的單/復(fù)數(shù)來決定謂語動詞的單/復(fù)數(shù)n nA pair of shoes was on the desk.n n6.下列以s結(jié)尾的名詞通常用作復(fù)數(shù)n n archives:檔案 arms:武器n n eav

10、es:屋檐 contents:內(nèi)容n n goods:貨物 suburbs:郊區(qū)n n thanks:謝意 wages:工資n n stairs:樓梯 remains:遺體n n morals:道德，品行 minutes:記錄n n 注:whereabouts(行蹤，下落)，dramatics(舞臺藝術(shù))可用單/復(fù)數(shù)n n7.凡是由-ings結(jié)尾的名詞常用作復(fù)數(shù)n n clippings:剪下來的東西 filings:銼屑n n earnings:收入 diggings:掘出的東西n n lodgings:租的房間 surroundings:環(huán)境n n sweepings:掃攏的垃圾n n 注

11、:tidings(消息,音信)可用作單或復(fù)數(shù)n.以結(jié)尾的單，復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞，謂語動詞形式取決于這些名詞是用作單數(shù)還是用作復(fù)數(shù)；意義不同，單復(fù)數(shù)也不同n n barracks:營房 headquarters:總部n n means:方法,手段,工具 series:系列n n species:種類 works:工廠 n n crossroads:十字路口n n This glass works was set up in 2008.n n These glass works are near the railway station.n9.少數(shù)名詞用作單數(shù)和用作復(fù)數(shù)意義不同n Whats the o

12、dds?有什么要緊？=what does it matter?（差別）n n The odds are against us.我們成功的機會很小。（可能的機會）n n The martyrs remains were buried at the foot of the hill.遺體n n Here is the remains of the temple.遺跡遺跡n n練習(xí)：練習(xí)：n n1.The 1.The Alps Alps(covers,(covers,cover)cover)an an area area of of 200,000 200,000 square square kil

13、ometers kilometers and and(is(is,are),are)the the greatest greatest mountain mountain range range in in Europe.Europe.n n2.Draughts(is,are)an easier game than chess.2.Draughts(is,are)an easier game than chess.n n3.What(is,are)his politics?3.What(is,are)his politics?n n4.The 4.The remains remains of

14、of Shakespeare Shakespeare(is,(is,are)are)buried buried on on Stratford-on-Avon.Stratford-on-Avon.n n5.Politics(is,are)the art or science of government.5.Politics(is,are)the art or science of government.n n6.Mr Smiths morals(is,are)above criticism.6.Mr Smiths morals(is,are)above criticism.n n7.Usual

15、ly 7.Usually a a bird bird species species facing facing the the danger danger of of extinction(extinction(gains,gain)public recognition.gains,gain)public recognition.n n8 The species of fish in the aquarium(is,are)numerous.8 The species of fish in the aquarium(is,are)numerous.II.集體名詞集體名詞（Collective

16、 NounCollective Noun）作主語的主作主語的主謂一致謂一致n n1.通常用作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞:people,police,folk,youth,cattle,poultry,militia,verminn nHis cattle were still lean.n nSuch vermin as bugs and rats are hard to get rid of.n nMany cattle are kept.飼養(yǎng)了很多牲畜。n nSeveral hundred police were on duty.幾百個警察在執(zhí)勤。n nThe police are searching for him.n n2.通常用作單數(shù)的集體名詞:advice,baggage,equipment,information,knowledge,machinery,scenery,news,foliage,merchandise,furnitureII.集體名詞集體名詞（Collective NounCollective Noun）作主語的主作主語的主謂一致謂一致n nThe merchandi