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1、專升本語法復(fù)習(xí) 主謂一致 在英語句子里,謂語受主語支配,其動詞必須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致,這就叫主謂一致。尋其規(guī)律,大致可歸納為三個原則,即語法一致、邏輯意義一致和就近一致原則。一、謂語動詞為單數(shù)的情況?1.由and連接的 并列成分指的是同一概念，身兼兩職或成套事物 a worker and writer;a knife and fork e.g.1.The poet and writer .(come）2.A hammer and a saw useful tools.考點：用and連接的成對名詞習(xí)慣上被看成是一個整 體,如:bread and butter(黃油抹面包),knife a

2、nd fork(刀叉)等 作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。has come are 2.Every and(every)/eachand(each)no and(no),many aand(many a)連接兩 個單數(shù)名詞作主語個單數(shù)名詞作主語.e.g.1.Every boy and every girl_ to go swimming.2.No teacher and no student_absent from the meeting.3.Each man and(each)woman _asked to help.likes was is 考點：用連接的并列主語被each,every 或no修

3、飾時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。something,everything,anything,nothing，somebody,nobody,no one 等不定代詞作主語，謂語通常是單數(shù)。思考：1.Many a boy playing basketball.許多男生都喜歡打籃球。2.More than one student .不只一個學(xué)生遲到。3.More persons than one help us.不止一個人來幫助我們。likes was late come to 考點：若主語中有more than one 或many a/an，盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)，但它的謂語動詞仍 用單數(shù)。但more+復(fù)數(shù)

4、名詞+than one 做主語 時,謂語動詞仍用復(fù)數(shù)。e.g.1.Serving the people _my greatest happiness.為人民服務(wù)是我最大的幸福.2.When well go out for an outing_.我們什么時候出去郊游已決定了。is has been decided 3.不定式(短語),動名詞(短語),或從句作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。e.g.1.Air as well as water matter.空氣和水都是物質(zhì)。2.No one except two servants late for the dinner.除了兩個仆人外,沒有一個人遲來用餐

5、。is was 4.單數(shù)主語即使后面帶有with,along with,together with,like(像),but(除了),except,besides,as well as,no less than,rather than(而不是),including,in addition to引導(dǎo)的短語,謂語動詞仍用單數(shù) 5.one/every one/each/either/the number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語 e.g.Each of us something to say.我們每個人都有話要說。has 考點：each of+復(fù)數(shù)代詞,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。復(fù)數(shù)代詞+each,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

6、思考：None of us perfect.人無完人。None of this me.這事一點不使我著急。are(is)worries 考點：none 做主語時,謂語動詞可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)：但在代表不可數(shù)的東西時總是看作單數(shù)，因而謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。6.無生命集體名詞無生命集體名詞clothing/cloth/furniture/traffic/jewelry/luggage/poetry/equipment/machinery（機（機器器)/baggage做主語做主語 e.g.1.Clothing _ badly needed in this flooded area.2.The numbe

7、r of the unemployed _ still increasing.3.All their baggage _ stolen.4.The furniture _ convenient to move.5.All the machinery in the factory _ made in China.6.Jewelry _ used for decoration and wear.is is is was is is 7.以ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱：physics,mathematics,以-s 結(jié)尾的疾病名稱：arthritis(關(guān)節(jié)炎），diabetes （糖尿?。?，bronchit

8、is(支氣管炎）單一政治實體：the United States；The United Nations 等作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。e.g.Arthritis _a disease causing pain and swelling in the joints of the body.Physics_an important subject in middle schools is is 8.表示時間、距離、金錢、等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，表達表示時間、距離、金錢、等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，表達一個整體概念時。一個整體概念時。e.g.Twenty years has passed since he left

9、his hometown.is（二）謂語動詞為復(fù)數(shù)的情況（二）謂語動詞為復(fù)數(shù)的情況 1.由and/both and連接的并列主語 2.有生命的集體名詞people,police,cattle,vermin(害蟲）,poultry（家禽）等作主語。The police _looking for the missing child.3.由山脈(The Himalayas)、群島、瀑布(The Niagara Falls)、運動會等s 結(jié)尾的專有名詞作主語。The Olympic Games _ held once every four years.5.a number of/a group of+

10、名詞作主語。are are 6.由兩個部分組成的名詞，以-s 結(jié)尾，scissors，glasses,trousers 謂語動詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)，但這謂語動詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)，但這些名詞前若出現(xiàn) a pair of,謂語一般用單數(shù)。e.g.One pair of scissors _ enough.7.這些以-s結(jié)尾的名詞：goods,clothes,arms（武器）,fireworks,stairs（樓梯）,wages 做主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。is 1.集體名詞class,family,army,team,club,enemy,party,crowd,crew,audience,public,gover

11、nment,majority,group等作主語。強調(diào)整體用單數(shù)，指個體成員用復(fù)數(shù)。His family _ a great one.His family _ music lovers.2.means,works,pains等詞，根據(jù)主語表達的概念而定。The steel works _ near the station.（三）謂語動詞單、復(fù)數(shù)視情況而定（三）謂語動詞單、復(fù)數(shù)視情況而定 3.“kind,sort,pair,type，amount，quantity+名詞”作主語，以這些名詞本身的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。4.all,none,some,any 等不定代詞作主語，根據(jù)其指代的內(nèi)容而定。All a

12、re present.All the food tastes good.5.“half /most/enough/part/the rest/the last/lots/plenty/分數(shù)、百分數(shù)+of +名詞”作主語:謂語動詞要和 of 之后的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。例：The rest of the bikes today.剩下的自行車今天特價出售。60%of the apple eaten by the little boy.這個蘋果的60%都被這個小男孩吃了。are on sale was 考點一：主語中有 all,half,most,the rest等,以及 “分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+名詞”做主語

13、時，謂語動詞單復(fù) 數(shù)取決于連用的名詞。Here the bus 公共汽車來了。Here a pen and some pieces of paper for you.給你一支鋼筆和幾張紙。comes is 1.He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years.A.is B.are C.have been D.has been D 2.Mary is one of those people who pets.瑪麗是飼養(yǎng)寵物者之一。raise 強化練習(xí) 3.A poet and arti

14、st _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.A.is B.are C.was D.were 解析：a poet and artist 指一個人，既是詩人，也是藝術(shù)家。答案：A 4.The father as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.A.is going B.go C.goes D.are going 解析：主語仍為th

15、e father，單數(shù)形式；as well as his three children 作句子的狀語，不影響謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。答案：C 5._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifth；is B.Two fifth；are C.Two fifths；is D.Two fifths；are 解析：表示分數(shù)時，分子大于一，分母(序數(shù)詞形式)加s；主語 為land，不可數(shù)，故謂語動詞用單數(shù)。答案：C 6.Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollut

16、ion，but the sky is still not clear.A.is used B.are used C.has been used D.have been used 解析：every possible means每一種可行的方式；means 單復(fù)數(shù) 同形，此句中為單數(shù)；表示“每種辦法都用過了”，用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。答案：C 7.As a result of destroying the forests，a large _ of desert _ covered the land.A.number；has B.quantity；has C.number；have D.quantity；have 解析：a large number of 不修飾不可數(shù)名詞；a large quantity of 不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)。答案：B 8.He is the only one of the students who _ the winner of scholarship for three years.A.is B.are C.have been D.has been 解析：有th