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1、高中英語中主謂一致的用法,主謂一致的定義,主謂一致是指謂語在人稱和數(shù)上必須和主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。這是英語語法中必須遵循的基本規(guī)則，也是英語和漢語區(qū)別很大的地方。,主謂一致的三大原則,一、語法一致原則 二、意義一致原則 三、就近原則,一、語法一致原則,主語為單數(shù)或不可數(shù)形式，則謂語動詞也用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，則謂語動詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。,I often help him and he often helps me.We often help each other.,二、意義一致,主語形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；主語形式為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義為單數(shù)，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)。,The cr

2、owd were surrounding the government official.Maths is hard to learn.,三、就近原則,就近原則即謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的主語。,例如：There is a pen and two pencils on the desk.,主謂一致的具體應(yīng)用,一、單數(shù)形式的名詞與謂語動詞的一致二、復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞與謂語動詞的一致三、并列主語與動詞的一致四、“單數(shù)形式的名詞+with/as well as+名詞”結(jié) 構(gòu)與動詞的一致五、“表部分的名詞+of+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)與動詞的一致六、短語、從句或句子作主語與動詞的一致七、名詞化的形容詞和過去

3、分詞作主語與動詞的 一致八、代詞與動詞的一致九、數(shù)詞與動詞的一致,一、單數(shù)形式的名詞與謂語動詞的一致之單形集體名詞,1.單形集體名詞被視為一個整體時，用作單數(shù)名詞 Our family has a reunion every year.2. 單形集體名詞被視為若干個體時，則要求復(fù)數(shù)動詞 His family are waiting for him.3. 有些單形集體名詞，即所謂的“群體名詞”，如police，cattle等，要求復(fù)數(shù)動詞 The police have caught the murderer.,單數(shù)形式的名詞與謂語動詞的一致之 “more than”,1. “More than

4、 one + 單形名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)雖有復(fù)念，但習(xí)慣上多用單數(shù)謂語 More than one question was asked.2. “more +復(fù)形名詞+than one”多要求復(fù)數(shù)動詞 More members than one have protested against the proposal.3. “a+單形名詞+or two”結(jié)構(gòu)多要求單數(shù)動詞 A servant or two or three was to accompany them.4. “one or two +復(fù)形名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)要求復(fù)數(shù)動詞 One or two reasons were suggested.5. “man

5、y a +單形名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)要求單數(shù)動詞 Many a fine man has died in the battle.,單數(shù)形式的名詞與謂語動詞的一致之 “兩個形容詞+一個單形名詞”,在“兩個形容詞+一個單形名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，單數(shù)名詞如有復(fù)念（即代表兩個事物），則用復(fù)數(shù)動詞The red and the white rose are both beautiful.English and French grammar are not very difficult to learn.,二、復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞與謂語動詞的一致,復(fù)形名詞（大多以s結(jié)尾）在句中作主語通常要求謂語復(fù)數(shù)動詞，具體應(yīng)用要注意如下幾點：,

6、1. 含雙數(shù)概念的復(fù)形名詞要求復(fù)數(shù)動詞 Are your kitchen scales(天平) accurate?2. 含復(fù)數(shù)概念的復(fù)形名詞要求復(fù)數(shù)動詞 The customs (關(guān)稅)were paid. My funds (資金)are a bit low at present.3. 含單數(shù)概念的復(fù)形名詞要求用單數(shù)動詞 His works (工廠)is rather small.4. 表時間，距離，錢額的復(fù)數(shù)名詞用單數(shù)動詞 Ten years is a moment in history. Ten thousand dollars is a large sum.5. 外來的復(fù)形名詞要求用單

7、數(shù)動詞 This data is very interesting.,6. 以-ics結(jié)尾表學(xué)科的復(fù)形名詞要求用單數(shù)動詞 Politics(政治) is often a topic for discussion. Statistics (統(tǒng)計學(xué)) is a principal course at the business school. 注意： 這類名詞用于表示具體的、實際的內(nèi)容時，則往往要求復(fù)數(shù)動詞。 What are your politics(政治觀點)? Statistics(統(tǒng)計數(shù)字) prove nothing in this case.,7. 以-s結(jié)尾的某些表疾病的復(fù)形名詞要求

8、用單數(shù)動詞 German measles(風(fēng)疹) is a dangerous disease for pregnant women.8. 有些復(fù)形名詞既可用單數(shù)動詞也可用復(fù)數(shù)動詞 Where is / are your manners(禮貌)?9. 復(fù)形書名一般要求用單數(shù)動詞 The Newcomers新來的人們 is one of Thackerays finest books.,三、并列主語與動詞的一致,并列主語是指主語為and、or等并列詞連接的名詞作主語，其謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)要看情況而定，具體用法如下：,當(dāng)“名詞+and+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)表示一種事物或一種概念時，應(yīng)用單數(shù)動詞 Fish and

9、chips(炸魚土豆片) is a popular supper. The poet and writer(詩人兼作家) has come. 注意：有時并列主語用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)動詞都可 Time and tide(歲月) wait / waits for no man.,2. “each / every / no+單形名詞+ each / every / no+單形名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)要求單數(shù)動詞 Every hour and every minute(每一小時，每一分鐘) is important.3. “名詞/代詞+or+名詞/代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)根據(jù)or后的名詞/代詞確定單/復(fù)數(shù)動詞 He or I (他或是

10、我) am in the wrong. He or his brothers(他或他的兄弟們) were to blame.4. “either+名詞+or+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)根據(jù)or后的名詞/代詞確定單/復(fù)數(shù)動詞 Either the shirts or the sweater(這些襯衣，要不就是這件毛衣) is a good buy.,5. “not only+名詞+but (also) +名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)要求動詞應(yīng)與but (also)后的名詞一致 Not only the students but also their teacher(不僅是學(xué)生，他們的老師也) is enjoying the f

11、ilm.6. “neither+名詞+nor+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)要求動詞與nor后面的名詞一致 Neither you nor your brother(你和人你的兄弟都不) is in fault. Neither he nor they(你和他們都不) are mistaken.7. “there be”結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞應(yīng)與最靠近它的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)一致。 There is a desk and some chairs in the room. There are some chairs and a desk in the room.,四、“單數(shù)形式的名詞+with/as well as+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)與動詞的

12、一致,“名詞+介詞或介詞短語with / together with / along with / including / except / besides / as well as / added to+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語，謂語一般與第一個名詞一致。A teacher, with his students, is seeing a film.I as well as they am ready to help.,五、“表部分的名詞+of+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)與動詞的一致,1. “one of + 復(fù)形名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)后的定語從句要求謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)；但當(dāng)“one of”前有限定詞如the、the only、t

13、he very等修飾時，結(jié)構(gòu)后的定語從句要求謂語動詞應(yīng)用與one一致，用單數(shù)謂語。 This is one of the best books that have appeared. She is the one of those women who doesnt know a thing about furniture.,2. “a pair of +復(fù)形名詞” 結(jié)構(gòu)多要求用單數(shù)謂語，但“復(fù)數(shù)名詞+of a/this/that pair”結(jié)構(gòu)多用復(fù)數(shù)謂語。 A pair of gloves(一雙手套) is a nice present. Socks of this pair(這雙襪子) a

14、re different in size.3. “(a) part of+ 名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，若名詞為單形，一般要求用單數(shù)動詞，若名詞為復(fù)形，則復(fù)數(shù)動詞。 (A) part of the story(故事的一部分) is not true. A part of the apples(部分蘋果) are bad,4. “a group(一組) / crowd(人群) / flock(一群) / file(一列) of +復(fù)形名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可用單數(shù)動詞，也可用復(fù)數(shù)動詞。前者強調(diào)整體，后者強調(diào)各個組成部分。 This group of students(這一組學(xué)生) is to be sent to Ita

15、ly. This group of students(這組學(xué)生都) are to be sent to Italy.,5. “a number of /numbers of + 復(fù)形名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)動詞；而“the number of +復(fù)形名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)用單數(shù)動詞。 A large number of people(許多人) have come to see the exhibition. The number of the chairs(椅子的數(shù)量) in the room is ten.,6. “an average / total of +復(fù)形名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)動詞；而“the ave

16、rage / total of +復(fù)形名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)用單數(shù)動詞。 An average of 3000 letters (平均3000封信) a month are received by the newspapers office. A total of 3000 letters(總共3000封信) were received last month. The average of letters(信件的平均數(shù)) received each month is 3000. The total of letters(信件的總數(shù)) received last month was 3000.,7. “a lot / mass / heap/plentyof +名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)要求謂語動詞與of后的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)一致。 A mass of people(許多人) were seen working there. A lot of money(很多錢) is spent on travel.8. “a large quantity of +不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞”、“a large amount of +不可