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1、初中英語語法八大時(shí)態(tài)一一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1. 結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句式: 主語+動(dòng)詞原形/動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)+其他否定句式: 主語+（助動(dòng)詞） dont/doesnt +動(dòng)詞原形+其他一般疑問句式: Do/Does+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他簡略回答: (肯)Yes,主語+do/does (否)No,主語+do/does not 縮寫形式: dont = do not doesnt = does not 例句：He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning.2.用法1）表示經(jīng)常的、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在

2、的狀態(tài)，常與表示頻度的副詞連用。常用的頻度副詞有： always、often、 usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays.頻度副詞在句中通常放在行為動(dòng)詞之前，系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞之后。例如: He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2）表示主語具備的性格、特征和能力等。例如：All my family love football . My

3、sister is always ready to help others . Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 3)表示客觀真理、客觀存在、自然現(xiàn)象。例如：The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4）表示按計(jì)劃或安排好的，或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的動(dòng)作，可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。例如：The train leaves at six tomor

4、row morning. He comes back tonight.5）在復(fù)合句中，當(dāng)主句是一般將來時(shí)，時(shí)間或條件狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來表示將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如： Ill tell him the news when he comes back. If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 二一般過去時(shí)態(tài)1. 結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句式: 主語+動(dòng)詞過去式+其他否定句式: 主語+（助動(dòng)詞）didnt +動(dòng)詞原形+其他一般疑問句式: Did+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他簡略回答: (肯)Yes,主語+did (否

5、)No,主語+did not 基本結(jié)構(gòu)否定句一般疑問句Be動(dòng)詞was/were+notwas/were提前，放于句首行為動(dòng)詞didnt+do(動(dòng)詞原形）Did+主語+do（動(dòng)詞原形）2.用法 1） 表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語yesterday, just now, the other day, in 1982, ago, an hour ago, long long ago, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), at the age of 5, one day, once

6、 upon a time等連用例如：Where did you go just now? After a few years, she started to play the piano.2）表示在過去，經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常與often,always等表示頻度的副詞連用。例如：When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，常在馬路上踢足球。3）一般過去式也可與today,this week,this month,this year等表現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間狀語連用，但這些時(shí)間狀語須指過去的時(shí)間，決不包含“現(xiàn)在”“

7、此時(shí)此刻”的意思。例如：Did you see him today?今天你看見他了嗎？三一般將來時(shí)1. 結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)1：肯定句式：主語+助動(dòng)詞will+動(dòng)詞原形+其他否定句式：主語+助動(dòng)詞will+動(dòng)詞原形+not+其他一般疑問句式：助動(dòng)詞Will+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他簡單回答：在口語中，will在名詞或代詞后常縮為ll，wii not常簡縮為wont。在疑問句中，主語為第一人稱時(shí)（I和we）時(shí)，常用助動(dòng)詞shall。例如：Shell go to play basketball. Shall we go to the zoo? 結(jié)構(gòu)2：肯定句式：主語+be going to +動(dòng)詞原形+其他否定句

8、式：主語+be not going to +動(dòng)詞原形+其他一般疑問句式：Be+主語+going to+動(dòng)詞原形+其他簡略回答：（肯）Yes,主語+be （否）No,主語+be not 2.用法1）表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與tomorrow, next day(week, month, year), soon, in a few minutes, by, the day after tomorrow等連用。 例如：Ill meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.2）、表示說話人對(duì)于將來的看法、假設(shè)和推測，通常用于be afra

9、id, be/feel sure, hope, know, think等后面的從句或與副詞perhaps,possibly,maybe等連用。例如：I think shell go back home for supper. Maybe shell go to the gym.將來時(shí)其他表示法1）be going to表示將來表示說話人的打算、計(jì)劃、安排或根據(jù)跡象判斷必然或很可能發(fā)生的事情。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? The play is going to be produced next month。注意：be going to 和will之

10、間的區(qū)別。l 在時(shí)間上：be going to通常表示馬上要發(fā)生或相當(dāng)快就要發(fā)生的事情；而will不指明任何具體時(shí)間，可以指遙遠(yuǎn)的未來。He is going to be better. He will be better. l 計(jì)劃/臨時(shí)：兩者都表示意圖時(shí)，be going to含有預(yù)先計(jì)劃、準(zhǔn)備的意思；will則指未經(jīng)過預(yù)先思考或計(jì)劃，是臨時(shí)的一種決定。 What are you going to do next Sunday? Im going to go fishing. Where is the telephone book? Ill go and get it for you. l

11、 兩者都用于預(yù)測時(shí)，be going to意指有跡象表明某件事將要發(fā)生，屬客觀的推測；will則意指說話人認(rèn)為/相信某件事將要發(fā)生，屬主觀的推測。l 在條件狀語從句中，be going to表將來,will表意愿。例如：If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible. Miss Gao will tell you the answer if you ask her. 2）“be to+動(dòng)詞原形”表示客觀安排或受人指示而將要做某事。例如：We are to discuss t

12、he report next Saturday.3）be about to +動(dòng)詞原形，意為馬上做某事。不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語連用，多于when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用。例如：He is about to leave for Beijing. 四現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1. 結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞2. 用法：1）表示現(xiàn)在（指說話人說話時(shí)）正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常與now, right now, at this moment, at this time, these days等時(shí)間狀語連用。注：如果句首有警示性動(dòng)詞look、listen等，主句的動(dòng)

13、詞也與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連用。例如：We are waiting for you now. Listen! The bird is singing in the tree.2）.表示現(xiàn)階段（說話前后一段時(shí)間內(nèi)），一直在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)。說話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。例如：Mr. Green is writing another novel.他在寫另一部小說。（說話時(shí)并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。） He is thinking about this problem.這些天來他一直在考慮這個(gè)問題。3）.表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，常與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，往往帶有說

14、話人的主觀色彩。例如：You are always changing your mind. 4）.表示尚未完成的漸變過程，這樣的動(dòng)詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如：The leaves are turning red. Its getting warmer and warmer. 5）、表示移位的動(dòng)詞，如go,come,leave,start,arrive等，其現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可表將來。例如：Im leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。 The train is arriving soon. 火車要到了。注：不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞

15、類別舉例感官類See,look,smell,hear,taste,notice,feel感覺類Love,agree,like,hate,want,fear,wish,prefer認(rèn)知類Believe,think,understand,forget,remember存在類Appear,exist,lie,remain占有、從屬類Have,own,contain,belong,possess,consist of短暫動(dòng)作類Accept,receive,admit,decide,promise,give,finish五現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1. 結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定句：主語+助動(dòng)詞have（has）+動(dòng)詞過去分詞-ed 否定句：