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1、TheRomanticPeriod(1798-1832)1HistoricalBackgroundnPolitically:theFrenchRevolutionnDeclarationofRightsofMan(1791-2),ThomasPainenInquiryconcerningPoliticalJustice(1793),WilliamGodwinnAVindicationoftheRightsofWoman(1792),MaryWollstonecraft2nIdeologicallyTheprincipleofRationwasgivingwaytoanindividualize

2、d,free,liberal,imaginativeattitudetowardslife;atendencytoturnorescapefromthetumultuousandconfusingHereandNow3nEconomically:thegreatIndustrialRevolutionnContinuedfastchangestookplacebothinthecountryandinthecities;nManyfarmhandsdrivenoutoflandrushedintothecity;4nWomenandchildrenwereemployedascheaplabo

3、r;nNewmachinesweresetup,renderingmanyoutofwork;nDisparitywasgrowingbetweentherichandthepoor;nExpansionabroadcontinued:(America),Australia,Canada,NewZealand,India,theWestIndiesandothernations.5Romanticism/theRomanticMovementnanattitudeorintellectualorientationthatcharacterizedmanyworksofartsinWestern

4、civilizationoveraperiodfromthelate18thtothemid-19thcentury.narejectionofthepreceptsoforder,calm,harmony,balance,idealization,andrationalitynareactionagainsttheEnlightenmentandagainst18th-centuryrationalismandphysicalmaterialismingeneral.nemphasizingtheindividual,thesubjective,theirrational,theimagin

5、ative,thepersonal,thespontaneous,theemotional,thevisionary,andthetranscendental.6Characteristicattitudesnadeepenedappreciationofthebeautiesofnature;nageneralexaltationofemotionoverreasonnaturninginupontheselfandaheightenedexaminationofhumanpersonalityanditsmoodsandmentalpotentialities;7ncreativespir

6、itoverstrictadherencetoformalrulesandtraditionalprocedures;nanemphasisuponimaginationnanobsessiveinterestinfolkculture,nationalandethnicculturalorigins,andthemedievalera;andapredilectionfortheexotic,theremote,themysterious8Literature9Poetry:theAgeofPoetrynDifferencesbetween18th-centuryand19th-centur

7、y(betweenNeoclassicismandRomanticism)nreasonvspassionnreasonvsimaginationncommercialvsnaturalnindustrialvspastoralnpresentvspastnsocietyvsindividualnorderandstabilityvsfreedomndecorativeexpressionvssimpleandspontaneousexpression10Newpoeticfeaturesnlanguage:simple,everydaylifespeech,commonvocabularya

8、ndaccentdialecte.g.Blake,Wordsworthnform:lyrics(sonnet,ode),narrative(ballad)npurpose:emotional,confessionalandvisionary/propheticnprinciples:imagination11nsubject:naturentherural/pastoralnthepast/historicalnthealien/exotic,orientalnthesupernatural/mysterious(dreamsordream-like)nthepersonalnthecommo

9、n/lowclassntherevolutionarynthepatriotic12SchoolsofRomanticPoetsnPre-romanticpoetsnWilliamBlake:mysterious,philosophical,visionary Songs of Innocence Songs of Experience Marriage of Heaven and HellnRobertBurns:Scottishdialect,ballads13nLakePoets:Wordsworth,Coleridge,Southey,2PoetLaureate:radicalyout

10、h;conservativeoldage;longlifenWilliamWordsworth:nature,country,poorpeople,anti-industrializatione.g.Lyrical Ballads(Prelude);NatureandcountrypoemsnSamuelColeridge:mysterious/demonic,dreamy,oriental,visionarye.g.The Rime of Ancient MarinerandKublaKhan14nSatanicschool:rebellious,revolutionary,romantic

11、,shortlifenGeorgeGordonByron:romantic,revolutionary,satiric,proudandangrye.g.Don Duan,Childe Harolds Pilgrimage and Manfred nPercyByssheShelley:revolutionary,prophetic,optimistice.g.Prometheus Unbound and OdetotheWestWindnJohnKeats:melancholy,ageniuspropoundingontruthandbeautye.g.OdetotheNightingale

12、,OdeonaGrecianUrn,OdetoPsycheandOdetoMelancholy15Prosenfamiliaressaysofjournalsandnewspaperse.g.CharlesLamb,LeeHunt,deQuinceynliterarycriticism/reviewsasauthorityCharlesLamb,LeeHunt,deQuinceynnovelistse.g.JaneAusten,therealistandWalterScott,the1sthistoricalnovelist/romanticpoet16WilliamWordsworth(17

13、70-1850)17LifenFamily:nMotherdiedwhenhewaseightandFatherdiedwhenhewas13nSeparatedfromhissister,Dorothy,in1778anddidnotseeheragainuntil1787nGreatlyaffectedbyhisbrothersdeathin180518nEarlyexperience:nAttendedHawksheadGrammarSchoolin1778nAttendedCambridgefrom1787-1791butfailedtograduatenVisitedFrancein

14、1790andinfluencedbytheturmoiloftheFrenchRevolutionnLeftcollegein1791inordertoreturntoFranceandsupporttheRevolution19nResidenceintheLakeDistrictnDoveCottageinGrasmere:Lyrical Balladsandthe“LakePoets”nRydalMount:spenthislateryears;turnedtobeconservative;20MajorWorksnLyrical Balladsin1798withSamuelTayl

15、orColeridgenThe Prelude-Longautobiographicalpoemwrittenbetween1798-1805n523sonnets21SubjectsnPoemsonnaturen“ToaButterfly”n“ToaSkylark”n“TotheCuckoo”n“IWanderedLonelyasaCloud”n“TinternAbbey”22nPoemsonsimplerusticlifeinthecountrysidenLucypoemsn“SheDweltAmongtheUntroddenWays”nOtherpoemsaboutcommonpeopl

16、eandtheirhumblelifen“Michael”n“TheSolitaryReaper”23Theautobiographicallongpoem:The PreludenBook1-8:thepoetsearlylifenBook9-14:thepoetsgrowingmaturity24Wordsworthstheoryofpoetry“Theprincipalobject,then,whichIproposedtomyselfinthesepoemsaretochooseincidentsandsituationsfromcommonlifeandtorelateordescribethem,throughout,asfaraswaspossible,inaselectionoflanguagereallyusedbymen;and,atthesametime,tothrowoverthemacertaincolouringofimagination,wherebyordinarythingsshouldbepresentedtothemindinanunusualwa