矩陣的對角化及其應(yīng)用(共33頁).doc
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1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上 湖北民族學(xué)院理學(xué)院2016屆本科畢業(yè)論文(設(shè)計(jì))矩陣的對角化及其應(yīng)用學(xué)生姓名: 趙遠(yuǎn)安 學(xué) 號: 專 業(yè): 數(shù)學(xué)與應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué) 指導(dǎo)老師: 劉先平 答辯時(shí)間: 2016.5.22 裝訂時(shí)間: 2016.5.25 A Graduation Thesis (Project)Submitted to School of Science, Hubei University for NationalitiesIn Partial Fulfillment of the Requiring for BS DegreeIn the Year of 2016Diagonalization
2、 of the Matrix and its ApplicationsStudent Name: ZHAO Yuanan Student No.: Specialty: Mathematics and Applied Mathematics Supervisor: Liu Xianping Date of Thesis Defense:2016.5.22 Date of Bookbinding: 2016.5.25 專心-專注-專業(yè)摘 要矩陣在大學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)中是一個(gè)重要工具,在很多方面應(yīng)用矩陣能簡化描述性語言,而且也更容易理解,比如說線性方程組、二次方程等. 矩陣相似是一個(gè)等價(jià)關(guān)系,利用相似可以把矩
3、陣進(jìn)行分類,其中與對角矩陣相似的一類矩陣尤為重要,這類矩陣有很好的性質(zhì),方便我們解決其它的問題. 本文從矩陣的對角化的諸多充要條件及充分條件著手,探討數(shù)域上任意一個(gè)階矩陣的對角化問題,給出判定方法,研究判定方法間的相互關(guān)系,以及某些特殊矩陣的對角化,還給出如冪等矩陣、對合矩陣、冪幺矩陣對角化的應(yīng)用.關(guān)鍵詞:對角矩陣,實(shí)對稱矩陣,冪等矩陣,對合矩陣,特征值,特征向量,最小多項(xiàng)式AbstractThe matrix is an important tool in college mathematics, and can simplify the description language based
4、 on the application of matrix in many ways. So it is easier to understand in many fields, for example, linear equations, quadratic equations. In many characteristics, the matrix similarity is an very important aspect. We know that the matrix similarity is an equivalence relation by which we can clas
5、sify matrix, the diagonal matrix is very important. This kind of matrix has good properties, and it is convenient for us to solve other problems, such as the application of similar matrix in linear space. In this paper, we first discuss many necessary and sufficient conditions of diagonalization of
6、matrix and then give some applications of special matrix diagonalization.Key words: diagonal matrix,real symmetric matrix,idempotent matrix,involutory matrix,the eigenvaule,the feature vector,minimal polynomial 目 錄摘要III緒言1課題背景1目的和意義 1國內(nèi)外概況 1預(yù)備知識2相關(guān)概念2矩陣的對角化4特殊矩陣的對角化 14矩陣對角化的應(yīng)用 22總結(jié) 24致謝 25參考文獻(xiàn) 26獨(dú)創(chuàng)聲
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