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1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上定語從句定語從句（一）、定義：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。定語 定語用來限定、修飾名詞或代詞的，是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語（動(dòng)詞不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞短語和分詞短語）或句子，漢語中常用的表示。主要由形容詞擔(dān)任，此外，不定式以及也可以來?yè)?dān)任，也可以由一個(gè)句子來?yè)?dān)任。單詞作定語時(shí)通常放在它所修飾的詞之前，作前置定語。短語和從句作定語時(shí)則放在所修飾的詞之后，作后置定語。 定語從句是指在一個(gè)句子中作定語的句子，定語從句要放在所修飾的詞后。如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) Y

2、ou must do everything that I do. 上面兩句中的man和everything是定語從句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，定語從句放在先行詞的后面。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞有關(guān)系代詞that, which, who(賓格who, 所有格whose)和關(guān)系副詞where, when、why關(guān)系詞常有三個(gè)作用：1、引導(dǎo)定語從句 2、代替先行詞 3、在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分（二）、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.who指人，在從句中做主語(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an

3、old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。 (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時(shí)可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主語) (2) This i

4、s the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做賓語)4. that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或者whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時(shí)可省略。 (5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主語) (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做賓語)5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語 (1) He has a friend whose

5、father is a doctor. (2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?=Do you like the book the color of which i

6、s yellow?注：that 用法(1)不用that的情況 (a) 在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)。 (錯(cuò))The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. (b) 介詞后不能用；在 such (the same) . as . 句型中,關(guān)系代詞要用as, 而不用which.We need such materials as (not which) can bear high temperature We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on

7、 the land that/which we get our food from. (2) 只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況 (a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。 (b) 在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all等作先行詞時(shí)，只用that，不用which。 (c) 先行詞有the only, the very（恰恰，正好）, any. few. little. no. all,the last,just修飾時(shí)，只用that。 (d) 先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只用that,不能用which。. (e)

8、先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。 (f) 先行詞指物，在主句中作表語時(shí) (g) 為了避免重復(fù) (h)先行詞是the way或the reason時(shí)，that可作關(guān)系副詞，也可省略 (i) 主句的主語是疑問詞who /which時(shí) 舉例： Is this the book that you borrowed in the library? 這是你在圖書館借的那本書嗎？ Who that break the window should be punished 誰打碎了窗戶都要受到懲罰 All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油問題。 Finally, th

9、e thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。 （三）、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句 關(guān)系副詞 關(guān)系副詞：在句中作狀語 關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞 why=for which where=in/ at/ on/ . which (介詞同先行詞搭配) when=during/ on/ in/ . which (介詞同先行詞搭配) 1. where指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語用來表示地點(diǎn)的定語從句。 (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. (2) The

10、 house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 2. when引導(dǎo)定語從句表示時(shí)間。在定語從句中做時(shí)間狀語也可做連接詞用 (1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. (2) The time when we got together finally came.注表示時(shí)間“time一詞的定語從句只用when引導(dǎo)，有時(shí)不用任何關(guān)系代詞，當(dāng)然也不用that引導(dǎo)。 By the time you arrived in London, we had staye

11、d there for two weeks. 到你到達(dá)倫敦的時(shí)候，我們?cè)谀抢镆呀?jīng)待了兩個(gè)星期。 I still remember the first time I met her. 我仍然記得我第一次見到她。 Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc。 每一次他去出差，他帶來了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，很多。 3. why指原因 在定語從句中做原因狀語 (1) Please tell me the reas

12、on why you missed the plane. (2) I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換 (1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear, (2) From the year when/in which he was going to school, he began to know what he wanted when he grew up. 注：1）介詞后面的

13、關(guān)系代詞不能省略。 2）that前不能有介詞。 3） 某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語的介詞+關(guān)系詞結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when ,where和why 互換。 This is the house in which I lived two years ago. This is the house where I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? Do you remember the day when you joined our club? This is the reason

14、 why he came late. This is the reason for which he came late. 專心-專注-專業(yè)1. The house _ we live is not big.A. in that B. Which C. in which D. that2. He talked about the lectures and schools _ he had visited.A. that B. Which C. who D. whom3. The scientist the teacher is talking _ is leaving for Beijing.

15、A. to him B. Whom C. to D. to that4. I who _ your teacher, will teach Marxism as a truth to you.A. is B. Are C. were D. am5. _ they could do was to work hard.A. All B. All what C. All which D. That6. Do you know the reason _ he didnt come?A. that B. which C. for D. why7. The room _ windows face south is his.A. th