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1、初中英語語法,句子成分,在英文中句子成分包括：主語、謂語、賓語（直接賓語、間接賓語）、表語、定語和狀語、賓語補足語等。The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun.按句子成分劃分，此句為：The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. (主語)(定語) (謂語)(狀語) (謂語) (賓語)(定語)按意群劃分，此句為：The students of Class Two are serious

2、ly reading the book written by Lu Xun,概述,主語是謂語講述的對象，表示所說的“是什么”或“是誰”。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當于名詞的詞或短語來充當。它在句首。如：1.Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名詞作主語）2.He reads newspapers every day. （代詞作主語）3.Smoking is harmful to the health. （動名詞作主語）4.To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主語）5.What we should do is n

3、ot yet decided. （主語從句作主語）,主語,另外，英語中還有一種特殊的主語形式叫“形式主語”，例如：It . that .句式等。6. It took us two hours to travel around the city by subway. (It 是形式主語, to travel.部分是真正的主語),主語,請指出下列句中主語的中心詞。1. The teacher with two of her students is walking into the classroom.2. There is a bird flying in the sky.3. The usefu

4、l dictionary was given by my mother last year.4. It is very difficult to do todays homework without your help.,小練習,謂語說明主語“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么樣”。謂語（謂語部分里主要的詞）必須是動詞。謂語和主語在人稱和數兩方面必須一致。它在主語后面。1. His parents are teachers. （系動詞和表語一起作謂語） 2. We study hard. （行為動詞作謂語） 3. We have finished reading the book. （助動詞和行為動詞

5、一起作謂語） 4. He can speak English. （情態(tài)動詞和行為動詞一起作謂語）,謂語,請選出下列句中謂語的中心詞。1. I dont like the picture on the wall.2. The days get longer and longer when summer comes.3. Do you usually go to school by bus?4. Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?5. What I want to tell you is this.,小練習,從語法角度說，及物動詞后面要

6、接賓語 (介詞后也有賓語) 。從意義上來說，賓語是動作的對象、目標。賓語是對謂語動詞的進一步說明和解釋。1. We often help him. （代詞作賓語） 2. He likes to play basketball. （不定式作賓語） 3. We enjoy listening to the music. （動名詞短語作賓語）4. She said that she felt sick. （從句做賓語） The sun gives us light and warmth. （us為間接賓語，light and warmth為直接賓語）,賓語,賓語分直接賓語和間接賓語?？梢詭蓚€賓語的

7、動詞有：bring, give, show, send, pass, tell 等。1.直接賓語是及物動詞的直接對象，直接賓語指物；2.間接賓語通常是及物動詞的動作所及的人，間接賓語指人。3.間接賓語一般放在直接賓語之前。1）Our teacher tells us a story. 2）The sun gives us light.如果強調直接賓語，可把直接賓語放在間接賓語的前面，但間接賓語前須加介詞 “to”或“for”。,賓語分類,接to的動詞有：give, bring, pass, lend, sell, send, show, tell, write等。Give your mothe

8、r the letter. Give the letter to your mother. 直接賓語 間接賓語接for的動 詞有：buy, find, cook, draw, get, sing等。Can you find me my bag? Can you find my bag for me? 直接賓語 間接賓語這正是：人前物后看清楚，換位要加for或to。,賓語分類,請?zhí)舫鱿铝芯渲械馁e語。1. My brother hasnt done his homework.2. People all over the world speak English.3. How many new wor

9、ds did you learn last class?4. The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.5. You will find it useful after you leave school.,小練習,請劃出下列句中的直接賓語和間接賓語。1. Please tell us a story.2. My father bought a new computer for me last week.3. Mr. Brown is going to teach us chemistry next term.4. Could you ple

10、ase pass the pen to Tom?5. Did he leave any message for me?,小練習,在賓語后面補充說明賓語的動作、狀態(tài)、特征的成分，稱為賓語補足語。名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語以及動詞不定式、分詞等可用作賓語補足語。賓語和賓語補足語稱為復合賓語。1.I will make you king. (名詞)2.They make her happy.（形容詞）3.I see her dance.（省to的不定式）4.The manager asked him to wait. (不定式)5.Please let him in.（副詞）6.We heard

11、her singing a song.（分詞短語),賓語補足語,請找出下列句中的賓語補足語。1. He asked her to take the boy to the doctors.2. She found it difficult to finish the work today.3. We call her Lily sometimes.4. I saw Jerry get on the bus.5. Did you hear anyone crying outside the door just now?,小練習,表語說明主語“是什么”或者“怎么樣”，由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、不定

12、式及名詞或形容詞短語來擔任。它的位置在系動詞后面。1.I am a teacher.（名詞）2.He is always happy.（形容詞）3.They are on the playground now.（介詞短語）4.It gets cold.（形容詞）,表語,Be動詞（am，is，are, was, were）表保持（keep, stay, remain）表改變（get， become， turn）感官動詞（feel，sound（聽起來），seem/look（看起來），taste（嘗起來），smell（聞起來）1.It sounds interesting.（sound為系動詞，in

13、teresting為表語）2.We should all remain careful. （Remain為系動詞， careful為表語）,系動詞,請劃出下列句中的表語。1. The leaves have turned yellow.2. She was the first to learn about it.3. The old man is feeling better now.4. Why is Mrs. Smith worried about her son?5. The kids are really interested in joining the chess club,小練習

14、,定語是用來修飾名詞或代詞的。形容詞、代詞、數詞、名詞、介詞短語、不等式或相當于形容詞的詞或短語等。單個詞作定語時，通常放在它所修飾的名詞之前。1.The black bike is mine.（形容詞） 2.Whats your name?（代詞）3.They make paper flowers.（名詞）,定語,說明1：當定語修飾不定代詞：nothing, anything, everything, something等時，定語在不定代詞后面。 1.I tell him something interesting. (形容interesting作不定代詞something的后置定語）2.H

15、e has something to do. （to do為不定式作后置定語）說明2：短語或從句作定語時，也放在被修飾的名詞之后。The boys in the room are in Class Four. （in the room是介詞短語作the boys的后置定語。）,表語,請劃出下列句中的定語。1. What is your family name?2. The boy in blue is Tom.3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep.4. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floo

16、r.5. There are five boys who will play the game.,小練習,修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞。一般表示行為發(fā)生的時間、地點、目的、方式、程度等意義，一般由副詞、介詞短語、不定式或相當于副詞的詞或短語來表示。狀語一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。1.He did it carefully.（副詞）2. We often help him.（副詞）3.Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.（介詞短語）4.When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.（從句作時間狀語）5. He sits there.（副詞地點狀語）,狀語,請劃出下列句中的狀語。1. There was a big smile on her face.2. Every night he practices playing the piano.3. We must work hard to pass the exam.4. She loves the library because