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1、Grammarsentences句子成份句子成份 句子一般由兩個(gè)部分組成：句子一般由兩個(gè)部分組成：主語(yǔ)部分（主語(yǔ)部分（subject group）謂語(yǔ)部分（謂語(yǔ)部分（predicate group）句子成份：句子成份：主主 謂謂 賓賓 表表定定 狀狀補(bǔ)補(bǔ)Members of sentence:S-subject主主P-predicative 表表O-object賓賓Attri.-attribute定定Adv.-adverb狀狀Oc-object complement賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)1)主語(yǔ)（主語(yǔ)（subject）句子的主體，全句述說的對(duì)象。一般由句子的主體，全句述說的對(duì)象。一般由名詞名詞,主格代詞主格

2、代詞,動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 或從句或從句擔(dān)任擔(dān)任,常置于句首。常置于句首。I like football.The boy needs a pen.2)謂語(yǔ)（謂語(yǔ)（predicate）說明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。由說明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。由動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞擔(dān)任。擔(dān)任。常置于主語(yǔ)后。常置于主語(yǔ)后。The train leaves at 6 oclock.I want a ticket.3)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)（object）表示表示vt.的動(dòng)作對(duì)象或的動(dòng)作對(duì)象或prep.所聯(lián)系的對(duì)象。所聯(lián)系的對(duì)象。由由n.或相當(dāng)于或相當(dāng)于n.的詞擔(dān)任。置于的詞擔(dān)任。置于vt.或或prep.后。后。He won the game

3、.On the deskTome lost his life in the big fire.4)表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)（predicative）用以表述主語(yǔ)的特征、狀態(tài)、身份等。用以表述主語(yǔ)的特征、狀態(tài)、身份等。由由n.n.或或adj.adj.擔(dān)任。置于系動(dòng)詞之后。擔(dān)任。置于系動(dòng)詞之后。He is a student.除了除了be 系動(dòng)詞外，還有一些動(dòng)詞也可以用作系動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞外，還有一些動(dòng)詞也可以用作系動(dòng)詞，1)表表感官的動(dòng)詞感官的動(dòng)詞:feel,smell,taste,sound,look,appear,seem 等。等。2)表表轉(zhuǎn)變變化轉(zhuǎn)變變化的動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞:become,get,grow,turn,

4、go,等等3)表表延續(xù)延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞remain,keep,stay 等等。5)賓補(bǔ)（賓補(bǔ)（objective complement）補(bǔ)充說明賓語(yǔ)的情況補(bǔ)充說明賓語(yǔ)的情況。由由n./adj./n./adj./介賓介賓/分詞分詞/不定式等擔(dān)任。不定式等擔(dān)任。They made him king.?I consider the book too expensive.?6)定語(yǔ)（定語(yǔ)（attributive）對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子，對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子，漢語(yǔ)中常用漢語(yǔ)中常用的的 表示表示,通常位于被修飾的成分前。通常位于被修飾的成分前。()The bl

5、ack bike is mine.說明說明1：當(dāng)定語(yǔ)修飾不定代詞如：當(dāng)定語(yǔ)修飾不定代詞如：nothing,anything,everything,something等時(shí)，定語(yǔ)要放在其后作后置定語(yǔ)等時(shí)，定語(yǔ)要放在其后作后置定語(yǔ)我告訴他一些有趣的事情。我告訴他一些有趣的事情。I tell him something interesting.說明說明2：不定式、短語(yǔ)或從句不定式、短語(yǔ)或從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，也放在被修飾的名詞之后。作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，也放在被修飾的名詞之后。這間屋子里的男孩子們是這間屋子里的男孩子們是10班的。班的。The students in the room are in Class Nine.

6、7)狀語(yǔ)（狀語(yǔ)（adverbial）用以修飾用以修飾adj./v./adv.及全句及全句,位置靈活位置靈活。通常在句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)之后，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首；之后，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首；修飾修飾形容詞或副詞形容詞或副詞時(shí)，通常位于被修飾的詞之前；時(shí)，通常位于被修飾的詞之前；表示表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語(yǔ)一般位于句子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句一般位于句子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首，首，一些表示不確定時(shí)間（如：一些表示不確定時(shí)間（如：often）或程度（如：）或程度（如：almost）的副）的副詞狀語(yǔ)通常位于詞狀語(yǔ)通常位于be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，動(dòng)詞之前。動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之

7、后，動(dòng)詞之前。I am very sorry.We often help him.When I grow up,I am going to be a teacher.（從句作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（從句作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))句子類型句子類型簡(jiǎn)單句并列句復(fù)合句.簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句1.Things changed.2.Trees are green.主+謂3.We don主+謂t beat children.+表主+謂+賓4.He gave his sister the piano.5.I found the book easy.主+謂+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)?主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)PracticeNobody went.She bec

8、ame a doctor.主+謂The car caught fire.主+謂+表I will write you a long letter.主+謂+賓I will let him go.主+謂+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)?主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ).并列句并列句This is me and these are my friends.andThey must stay in water,or they will die.orIt s not cheap,but it is very good.butIt was late,so I went to bed.soHe knocked at the door;th

9、ere was no answer.Youre alive!And she s dead.復(fù)合句復(fù)合句主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句名詞性從句名詞性從句表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句He said that he didnt like her.A plane is a machine that can fly.狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句分為九類：分為九類：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、結(jié)果、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、結(jié)果、目的、條件、讓步、方式、程度目的、條件、讓步、方式、程度1)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句Wait until you are called.When spring ca

10、me,leaves turn green.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：as,after,before,since,till/until,when,while,as soon as,whenever等等2)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句Put it where you found it.Sit down wherever you like.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：where,wherever,anywhere3)原因狀語(yǔ)從句原因狀語(yǔ)從句As I didn t know the way,I asked a policeman常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：because,as,since4)

11、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句I was in the bath so that I didnt hear the telephone.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：so,so that,such that5)目的狀語(yǔ)從句目的狀語(yǔ)從句I ll show you so you will see how it s done.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：so,so that,in order that6)條件狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句If it snows tomorrow,we will build a snowman.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：on condition thatif,unless

12、,in case that,7)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句讓步狀語(yǔ)從句Though Iany instrument.m fond of music,I can t play 常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：even if,even though,though,although,8)方式狀語(yǔ)從句方式狀語(yǔ)從句He did just as you told him.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：as,as if,as though,how9)程度狀語(yǔ)從句程度狀語(yǔ)從句So long as you need me,Ill stay.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：so,so that,as far as,so lo

13、ng as名詞性從句名詞性從句1)主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句*What he said is not known.*That we shall be late is certain.*It is certain that we shall be late.so quiet!*How strange it is that the children are 2）表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句*That is what he wants to buy.*The problem is that who we can get to replace her?*The reason is that he has lied to m

14、e several times.3)賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句*I understand that he is well qualified.*He said that he didn t like her.*I don t know if you can help me.4)同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句*Where did you get the idea the ideathat I couldn t come?*The question who should do the workThe questionrequires consideration.*Mother made a promise a pro

15、misethat she would buy me a new coat.注意！注意！引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞that&what*that 與與what都可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。都可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。*what 在從句中充當(dāng)句子成份（主在從句中充當(dāng)句子成份（主,賓賓,表）。表）。*That 在句中只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)成份。在句中只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)成份。*that 在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)不可省略（賓語(yǔ)從句除外）在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)不可省略（賓語(yǔ)從句除外）.That is what he wants to buy.That we shall be late is certain.He said(that)he didn t like her.Grammarsentences