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1、初中英語語法句子成分?在英文中句子成分包括：主主語語、謂語謂語、賓語賓語（直接（直接賓語賓語、間間接接賓語賓語）、表）、表語語、定、定語語和狀和狀語語、賓語補(bǔ)賓語補(bǔ)足足語語等。?The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun.?按句子成分劃分，此句為：?The students of Class Twoare seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun.?(主語)(定語)(謂語)(狀語)(謂語)(賓語)(定語)?按意群劃分，此句為：The stud

2、ents of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun概述?主語是謂語講述的對象，表示所說的主語是謂語講述的對象，表示所說的“是什么是什么”或或“是是誰誰”。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語來充當(dāng)。它在句首。如：?1.Lucy is a beautiful nurse.（名詞作主語）?2.He reads newspapers every day.（代詞作主語）?3.Smoking is harmful to the health.（動名詞作主語）?4.To swim in Kunming Lake i

3、s a great pleasure.（不定式作主式作主語語）?5.What we should do is not yet decided.（主語從句作主語）主語?另外，英語中還有一種特殊的主語形式叫“形式主語”，例如：It.that.句式等。?6.It took us two hours to travel around the city by subway.?(It 是形式主語,to travel.部分是真正的主語)主語?請請指出下列句中主指出下列句中主語語的中心的中心詞詞。?1.The teacher with two of her students is walking into t

4、he classroom.?2.There is a bird flying in the sky.3.The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.4.It is very difficult to do todays homework without your help.小練習(xí)?謂語說明主語謂語說明主語“做什么做什么”“是什么是什么”或或“怎么怎么樣樣”。謂語（謂語部分里主要的詞）必須是動詞。謂語和主語在人稱和數(shù)兩方面必須一致。它在主語后面。?1.His parents are teachers.（系動詞和表語一起作謂語語）?

5、2.We study hard.（行為動詞作謂語）?3.We have finished reading the book.（助動詞和行為動詞為動詞一起作一起作謂語謂語）?4.He can speak English.（情態(tài)動詞和行為動詞一起作謂語）謂語?請選請選出下列句中出下列句中謂語謂語的中心的中心詞詞。?1.I dont like the picture on the wall.?2.The days get longer and longer when summer comes.?3.Do you usually go to school by bus?4.Did the twins

6、have porridge for their breakfast?5.What I want to tell you is this.小練習(xí)?從語法角度說，及物動詞后面要接賓語(介詞后也有賓語)。從意。從意義義上來上來說說，賓語賓語是是動動作的作的對對象、目象、目標(biāo)標(biāo)。?賓語是對謂語動詞的進(jìn)一步說明和解釋。?1.We often help him.（代詞作賓語）?2.He likes to play basketball.（不定式作賓語）?3.We enjoy listening to the music.（動名詞短語作賓語）4.She said that she felt sick.（從句

7、做賓語）?The sun gives us light and warmth.（us為間接賓語，light and warmth為直接賓語）賓語?賓語分直接賓語和間接賓語?？梢詭蓚€賓語的動詞有：bring,give,show,send,pass,tell 等。1.直接賓語是及物動詞的直接對象，直接賓語指物；2.間接賓語通常是及物動詞的動作所及的人，間接賓語指人。3.間接賓語一般放在直接賓語之前。?1）Our teacher tells us a story.?2）The sun gives us light.?如果強(qiáng)調(diào)直接賓語，可把直接賓語放在間接賓語的前面，但間接賓語前須加介詞“to”或“

8、for”。賓語分類?接to的動詞有：give,bring,pass,lend,sell,send,show,tell,write等。?Give your mother the letter.Give the letter to your mother.直接賓語間接賓語?接for的動 詞有：buy,find,cook,draw,get,sing等。?Can you find me my bag?Can you find my bag for me?直接賓語 間接賓語?這正是：人前物后看清楚，換位要加for或to。賓語分類?請請?zhí)舫鱿铝芯渲械奶舫鱿铝芯渲械馁e語賓語。?1.My brother ha

9、snt done his homework.2.People all over the world speak English.3.How many new words did you learn last class?4.The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.5.You will find it useful after you leave school.小練習(xí)?請請劃出下列句中的直接劃出下列句中的直接賓語賓語和和間間接接賓語賓語。?1.Please tell us a story.2.My father bought a new c

10、omputer for me last week.3.Mr.Brown is going to teach us chemistry next term.4.Could you please pass the pen to Tom?5.Did he leave any message for me?小練習(xí)?在在賓語賓語后面后面補(bǔ)補(bǔ)充充說說明明賓語賓語的的動動作、狀作、狀態(tài)態(tài)、特征的成、特征的成分，稱分，稱為賓語補(bǔ)為賓語補(bǔ)足足語語。名。名詞詞、形容、形容詞詞、副、副詞詞、介、介詞詞短語以及動詞不定式、分詞等可用作賓語補(bǔ)足語。賓語賓語和和賓語補(bǔ)賓語補(bǔ)足足語語稱稱為為復(fù)合復(fù)合賓語賓語。?1.I wi

11、ll make you king.(名名詞詞)?2.They make her happy.（形容詞）?3.I see her dance.（省to的不定式）的不定式）?4.The manager asked him to wait.(不定式)?5.Please let him in.（副詞）?6.We heard her singing a song.（分（分詞詞短短語語)賓語補(bǔ)足語?請請找出下列句中的找出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)賓語補(bǔ)足足語語。?1.He asked her to take the boy to the doctors.?2.She found it difficult to fi

12、nish the work today.?3.We call her Lily sometimes.4.I saw Jerry get on the bus.?5.Did you hear anyone crying outside the door just now?小練習(xí)?表語說明主語“是什么”或者“怎么樣”，由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、不定式及名詞或形容詞短語來擔(dān)任。它的位置在系動詞后面。?1.I am a teacher.（名詞）?2.He is always happy.（形容詞）?3.They are on the playground now.（介詞短語）?4.It gets c

13、old.（形容詞）表語?Be動詞（am，is，are,was,were）?表保持（keep,stay,remain）?表改變（get，become，turn）?感官動詞（feel，sound（聽起來），seem/look（看起來），taste（嘗起來），smell（聞起來）?1.It sounds interesting.（sound為系動詞，interesting為表語）?2.We should all remain careful.（Remain為系動詞，careful為表語）系動詞?請請劃出下列句中的表劃出下列句中的表語語。?1.The leaves have turned yellow

14、.2.She was the first to learn about it.3.The old man is feeling better now.4.Why is Mrs.Smith worried about her son?5.The kids are really interested in joining the chess club小練習(xí)?定語是用來修飾名詞或代詞的。形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語、不等式或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語等。?單個詞作定語時，通常放在它所修飾的名詞之前。?1.The black bike is mine.（形容詞）?2.Whats your name?

15、（代詞）?3.They make paper flowers.（名詞）定語?說明1：當(dāng)定語修飾不定代詞：nothing,anything,everything,something等時，定語在不定代詞后面。1.I tell him something interesting.(形容interesting作不定代詞something的后置定語）?2.He has something to do.（to do為不定式作后置定語）?說明2：短語或從句作定語時，也放在被修飾的名詞之后。?The boys in the room are in Class Four.（in the room是介詞短語作th

16、e boys的后置定語。）表語?請請劃出下列句中的定劃出下列句中的定語語。?1.What is your family name?2.The boy in blue is Tom.?3.The man downstairs was trying to sleep.?4.I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.5.There are five boys who will play the game.小練習(xí)?修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞。一般表示行為發(fā)生的時間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式、程度等意義，一般由副詞、介詞短語、不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語來表示。狀語一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。?1.He did it carefully.（副詞）?2.We often help him.（副詞）?3.Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.（介詞短語）?4.When I grow up,I am going to be a teacher.（從句作時間狀語）?5.He sits