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1、1,連 詞 (Conjunction),2,連 詞 (Conjunction),一、連詞定義: 用來(lái)連接詞、短語(yǔ)或句子的詞。 e.g. I study English and Chinese. Does he work at school or in the hospital? I get up early, but my brother gets up late.,3,三、用法 1.并列連詞 - 連接具有并列關(guān)系的詞，短語(yǔ)或句子。 常見的有：(1)表并列關(guān)系的and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor，as well as（也，和）等。(2)表選擇關(guān)

2、系的or, eitheror等。(3)表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but, however等。(4)表因果關(guān)系的for, so等。,4,考點(diǎn)一：1）判斷改錯(cuò)： They sat down and talk about something. They started to dance and sang. I saw two men sitting behind and ate there.,F,F,F,eating,sing,talked,and (“和，并且”) 與 or (“否則”),“and” 連接平行結(jié)構(gòu)。,5,（1）肯定句中用“and” 表“和”；（2）否定句中用“or”表“和” 。,2）翻譯： 我喜

3、歡英語(yǔ)和數(shù)學(xué)。 我不喜歡英語(yǔ)和數(shù)學(xué)。,I like English _ math.,I dont like English _ math.,and,or,6,= Study hard, _ your math will be worse.,3）用 “and” 或“or” 填空： Study hard, _ your math will be better.,and,or,“and”意為“這樣，那么”； “or” 意為 “否則” 。,7,1. Which do you like better, apples, _ pears? A. and B. but C. or2. Now we have

4、no time _ money. A. so B. and C. or,or: 1. 用于疑問(wèn)句, 表選擇 2. 用于否定句, 表并列（肯定句用and）,3.Christine, Aileen _ (和) I are good friends. Study hard, _ (否則)youll fall behind. 4. Are you coming by bus _(或者) on foot?,and,or,or,8,1. Its getting warmer _ warmer. A. and B. but C. or2. He or the twins _ the USA. A. come

5、s from B. come from C. is from4. Not Tom but I _ going to give the talk. A. am B. is C. are,adj.比 + and + adj.比 表示越來(lái)越,A or B 和 not A but B 結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要使用就近原則。,and, or, but, so 特殊用法,9,表轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞but 和however： e.g. (他努力工作，但以失敗告終。) He worked hard, _ he failed at last. He worked hard. _, he failed at last.區(qū)別

6、: but 后沒(méi)有逗號(hào)，直接連接分句； however 后有逗號(hào)相隔，可放句末。,but,However,考點(diǎn)二 ：,觀察句子 ： （1）Although he is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.改為：Although he is over sixty, he works as hard as others.或 He is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.（2）“Because John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.”,*although

7、/ though 和but這兩個(gè)關(guān)聯(lián)詞不能同時(shí)用。,?,同樣，此句錯(cuò)誤， because 和 so 等關(guān)聯(lián)詞都不能同時(shí)使用。,考點(diǎn)三 ：,11,either A or B “或者A或者B”neither A nor B “既不A也不B”not only A but also B “不僅A而且B”,- 連詞詞組 ：,Either you or I _ going to the party.(或者你或者我將去晚會(huì)。)Neither I nor he _ seen the movie.（我和他都沒(méi)有看過(guò)這部電影。）Not only you but also he _ French.（不但你而且他也講

8、法語(yǔ)。）,【連接主語(yǔ) 時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)“就近原則”】,am,has,speaks,考點(diǎn)四,12,2. 從屬連詞-用來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句。常見的從屬連詞有：(1)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的after, before, when, while, as, until, till, since, as soon as等。(2)引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的if, unless等。(3)引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的because, as, since等。(4)引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的so that, in order that等。(5)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的though, although, even if等。(6)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的so that, soth

9、at, suchthat等。(7)引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句的than, asas等。(8)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的that, if , whether等。,13,三者均可譯為“在時(shí)候”。when引導(dǎo)的從句，動(dòng)詞既可以是延續(xù)性的，也可以是終止性的。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，當(dāng)主句的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，when引導(dǎo)的從句的動(dòng)作才發(fā)生；while引導(dǎo)的從句中，動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)性的，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，當(dāng)while引導(dǎo)的從句的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，主句的動(dòng)作才發(fā)生；若主從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，且強(qiáng)調(diào)“一邊一邊”這樣的意思，一般用 as。 When I came into the room, I found him lying there asleep. She

10、sang as she walked. 她一邊走一邊唱歌。注意：while 可以表示對(duì)比關(guān)系“然而”。He is short while his brother is tall.,when，while，as,連 詞 用 法 比 較,14,Mr. White was taking a shower _ the UFO landed on the street. A. where B. while C. when D. whether,C,While Mr. White was taking a shower，the UFO landed on the street.,考點(diǎn)一,“when” 和 “

11、while”,when引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)作多為終止性動(dòng)詞，也為可持續(xù)動(dòng)詞；但while只能是可持續(xù)動(dòng)詞。,15,考點(diǎn)二,我父親直到我們吃完飯時(shí)才回來(lái)。,My father _ come back until we had supper.,notuntil/ till 直到才till 直到為止,翻譯：他直到3歲才會(huì)講話。,He _get up until his mother wakes him up.,didnt,他經(jīng)常等到媽媽叫他才起床。,He _ speak until he was 3.,couldnt,doesnt,16,1) sothat中的so是個(gè)副詞，其后只能跟形容詞或副詞 而s

12、uch.that中的such是個(gè)形容詞，后接名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)。例如：Im so tired that I cant walk any farther.It was such a warm day that he went swimming.2) 如果在名詞之前有many, much, little, few時(shí)，用so,不用such。例如：He has so little education that he is unable to get a job.,sothat, such.that,連 詞 用 法 比 較,17,He took the MP3 player with him _ he co

13、uld enjoy music during the trip.A. because B. so that C. when,B,考點(diǎn)三,他起早是為了趕上早班車。(表目的),He got up early so that he could catch the early bus.,He got up early so that he caught the early bus.,他起早，結(jié)果趕上了早班車。（表結(jié)果）,He got up so early that he caught the early bus.,sothat,so that：為了； 所以，結(jié)果,如此以致,18,if和whether

14、都可作“是否”講，在引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句是一般可互換。例如：I wonder whether (if) you still study in that school.在下列情況下，只能用whether,不能用if：.在不定式前。例如：I havent made up my mind whether to go there or not.與or(not)連用時(shí)。例如：I dont now whether he comes or not.從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)只用whether不用if。It depends on whether it will be fine.那得看是不是晴天。.作discuss等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)

15、，用whether不用if。We discussed whether we should close the shop.我們討論是不是該關(guān)掉商店,if, whether,連 詞 用 法 比 較,19,連接條件狀語(yǔ)從句：,1、Youll be late _(如果) you dont get up early tomorrow.2、Ill come to see you _(如果) Im free next Saturday. 3、Well have a picnic tomorrow _(如果) it doesnt rain tomorrow.,* 注意狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)：“主將從現(xiàn)”。,if,if

16、,if,連 詞 練 習(xí),20,連接時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,I was cleaning the floor _(當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候) she knocked at the door. Dick climbed up into a tree _(一就) he saw the bear. I knew nothing about it _(直到才) my friend told me yesterday. I havent heard from Bill _(自從) we graduated from middle school.,when,as soon as,until,since,21,連接原因、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,

17、You should return the digital camera to Sally _ she will not be angry. A. so that B. because C. before 2. He was hurt _ badly _ he had to see a doctor. A. tooto B. so that C. so that 3.He took off his coat _ it was too hot in the room. A.And B. since C. but 4. Solo missed the bus _ he was late for s

18、chool. A. because B. so C. or,22,連接讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,Tom is still doing his homework _ it is very late. A. so that B. even though C. if 2. I never seem to put on any weight,_ hard I try. A. though B. no matter how 3. I enjoy learning English, _ it takes me a lot of time. A. unless B. although C. because 4. I w

19、ill never give up learning English _ (即使) it is difficult.,even though,23,1. Ill tell your father the truth as soon as he _ here. A. arrives B. arrived C. arrives at2. We dont know if he _ us for the picnic. Ill call you if he _. A. joins; comes B. will join; comes C. will join; will come3. Nobody k

20、nows when the windows _. But Ill tell you when I _ the answer. A. broke; find out B. broken; will find out C. were broken; find out,連 詞 用 法 練 習(xí),24,4. You wont understand until you _ him. A. meet B. meeting C. will meet5. You will fail in English _ you work hard. A. because B. unless C. if6. Just bec

21、ause we are young, _ we should work even harder. A. so B. / C. but7. It has been seven years since he _ here. A. left B. leaves C. leave,連 詞 用 法 練 習(xí),25,8. The little boy _ when I came in. A. falls down B. fell down C. was fell down9. We were reading when the teacher _ in. A. came B. comes C. is comi

22、ng 10. He became a doctor when he _the university. A. graduated from B. graduate from C. graduated for,26,11. Tom works in a hospital _ Mary works in a company. A. because B. until C. while12. While his mother was washing, he _ his homework. A. do B. did C. was doing 13. The little boy fell alseep w

23、hile he _ the music. A. was listen B. was listening to C. listened to,表示對(duì)比，“然而，而”,while表示“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”。 兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生。必須使用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。,27,14. Hurry up, _ you will miss the train. A. and B. so C. however D. or15. The mountain was _ steep(陡峭的）_ few people in our city reached the top. A. soas B. sothat C. asas D. tooto,

24、連 詞 用 法 練 習(xí),28,Funny Husband (H) & Wife (W) about Shopping,情境對(duì)話 ：,29,H：“What are we going to do, my dear？” W: “Go shopping.”H：“We can do nothing _shopping.”W：“In fact, _ you _ I like shopping.”H: “Why must you do the things _ you dont like?” W: “_ my skirts are out of style, _ I want to buy a new on

25、e.”W:（In the clothing shop.）I dont know_ they fit(適合) me. ”H: “I dont know _ you really like. Just go inside and try them on.”H：（對(duì)seller笑笑） “Can you talk to me for a few minutes？” S：Why?H：Because _ my wife sees (that) I am talking to other ladies, she will be angry at once and leave.S： “Then why do you let her go?”H： “I want to leave _ I wont pay for them.”,根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容，填入適當(dāng)連詞。,except/but,neither nor,that,Because,或 so,if,what/ which,if/when/ as soon as,and/ so that,30,Homework ：,Go over the usage of conjunctions.2. Finish the related exercises.,