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1、初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法,介詞、連詞,介詞是一種用來(lái)表示詞與詞, 詞與句之間的關(guān)系的詞。在句中不能單獨(dú)作句子成分。介詞后面一般有名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類，短語(yǔ)或從句作它的賓語(yǔ)。,介詞的含義,什么是介詞？它的作用是什么？,1.Look at me.( )2.He goes to school by bike.( )3.He is interested in drawing.( )4.The book is on the desk.( ),代詞,名詞,動(dòng)名詞,介詞:通常用在_、_、_ 之前，表示某個(gè)人、事物/東西、事件與 另一個(gè)之間的_。,名詞,代詞,名詞,動(dòng)名詞,關(guān)系,介詞的主要分類：,1. at

2、the cinema, in the hospital _2. Write with a pen, go by bus _ 3. in summer, on Septemper 1st _4. by the way, at last, in the end _,地點(diǎn)介詞,方式介詞,時(shí)間介詞,固定搭配,一.地點(diǎn)介詞,1.at the village , at home, at the corner of the street. _2.in Shanghai , in the country, in Asia, in the world, in space _3. in the box, on t

3、he chair, under the desk, next to Kate, on the right of Lucy, in front of the house, behind the door _,表示小地方用at,表示大地方用in,表示不同地方用具體不同的介詞,填上正確的地點(diǎn)介詞：,1.在廣州 _ Guangzhou 2.在電影院 _ the cinema3.在湖邊 _ the lake 4.在海里 _ the sea5.樹(shù)上的蘋(píng)果 apples _ the tree6.書(shū)上的小鳥(niǎo) birds _ the tree7.在天空上 _ the sky8.在教室外 _ the classr

4、oom9.在農(nóng)場(chǎng)上 _ the farm10.在街道上 _ the street,in,at,by,in,on,in,in,outside,on,in,二.方式介詞,1.write with a pen, cut with a knife, lock with a lock _2. see with our eyes, do with our hands, smell with our noses, eat with our mouths _3. in English , in French , in your own words, in three language _4. in a lou

5、d voice, in a low voice _5. in this way, by this means _,使用工具用介詞 with,使用器官用介詞 with,使用語(yǔ)言用介詞 in,使用聲音用介詞 in,使用方法用介詞 in 或 by,6.by bike, by bus, by train, by plane, by ship, by car (on foot) by land 陸路， by sea 水路，by air 空運(yùn) _ 但：on the bike, on the bus, on the train, on the plane, on the ship, in the car7.

6、 Shanghai lies _the east of China.( ) Japan lies _the east of China.( ) Hubei lies _the north of Hunan.( )8.in a read coat, the girl in yellow, the boy in white _9.lie in bed, after a while, in the sun（在陽(yáng)光下） under the sun（天下，世界上；到底，究竟）,使用交通工具用 by,in,to,on,在中國(guó)內(nèi)部,在中國(guó)外部,兩地接壤,表示穿衣服用 in,固定搭配,( ),三.時(shí)間介詞,1

7、.at six oclock, at noon, at that time, at half past three, at mid-night _2.on Sunday, on New Years Day, on March 21st, on my birthday _3. in three days, in a week, in a month, in May, in 1998 _4. in the morning, in the afternoon , in the evening _ 但： on the morning of May 1st5. at night = _ _ night6

8、. in the day = in the _,表示點(diǎn)鐘或具體一點(diǎn)時(shí)間用 at,表示在某一天用 on,表示大于一天的時(shí)間用 in,在早上/下午/傍晚 用 in,in,the,day-time,later單獨(dú)使用可用將來(lái)時(shí)或過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)The others will join us later。later on 后來(lái)，再過(guò)些時(shí)候,7. 具體時(shí)間用不同的介詞:,在放假期間 _the holiday 在圣誕節(jié)期間 _ Christmas 三天之后 three days _ （一般過(guò)去時(shí)） _ three days （一般過(guò)去時(shí)） _ three days（一般將來(lái)時(shí)）,during,later,at,a

9、fter,in,注意,在歲時(shí) _ the age of 有時(shí) _ times/sometimes 開(kāi)始,在起初 _ the beginning of 此刻 _ the/this moment = now 在結(jié)尾,在盡頭_ the end of 例如 _ example =such_ 代替 instead _ 到的時(shí)候 _ the time=when 從到 _ 在戶外,在野外 _ the open air,at,at,at,at,at,for,of,by,from,to,in,as,四.固定搭配的含介詞的詞組:,相鄰，靠近 next _ 遍及 all_ 將來(lái) _ the future 由于,幸虧

10、 thanks _ 過(guò)了一會(huì)兒 _ a while 在地球上 _ the earth 到底、究竟_ earth 下課/放學(xué)/下班后 _class/school/work 展出 _ show 值日 _ duty 獨(dú)立, 單獨(dú) all _ oneself 令(某人)驚訝 _ ones surprise,to,in,to,after,on,after,on,on,by,to,over,on,arrive _/_a place find _ （發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到）get on/along _ be afraid _ sth. hand _(上交） hand _(分發(fā)）be angry _ sb. be ang

11、ry _ sth. be strict _ sb. be strict _ sth. be ready _ be full _=be filled_be good _=do well _ be busy _ sth. be late _ be interested _eat _ give _ (放棄） grow _,in,at,with,up,in,for,at,for,up,up,out,of,with,with,of,in,at,out,with,in,with,in,常用易混淆介詞辨析,after/ in 皆可表示時(shí)間在之后，其區(qū)別為：after .表示“在某點(diǎn)時(shí)間之后”，用于將來(lái)時(shí)。如

12、： Well go out for a walk after supper.表示“一段時(shí)間之后”，用于過(guò)去時(shí)。如： My mother came home after half an hour.in表示“一段時(shí)間之后”，用于將來(lái)時(shí)。如： Well go to school in two weeks.,between /among1) between 多指兩者之間。如：Whats the difference between the two words? 2) among 指三者或三者以上的同類事物之間，在或籠統(tǒng)的一群人或一些物之中，表示“在中間，在之中”。如：The young people

13、lived and worked among the workers. 注意：我們可以說(shuō)between you and me，但不能說(shuō) between you and I，因?yàn)閎etween是介詞。 3) between還可以用來(lái)指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物的每?jī)蓚€(gè)之間。三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的名詞用and連接，前面用between，而不用among。如：There is not much difference between the three of them. Switzerland lies _ France, Ger-many, Austria and Italy.,between,aboveov

14、eronbelowunder,above,over,under,on,Be careful, there is a heavy box_ your head.The sun is _ the mountain in the east.There are some stamps _ the desk.The little mouse is _ the table, so it is not easy to find it.The temperature will stay _ zero in the day time，but at night it will fall _ zero again.

15、白天氣溫將保持在零度以上，但在晚上又將降到零度以下。,over,above,on,under,below,below,above,in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某個(gè)范圍以外；in the front of 表示“在的前部”，在某個(gè)范圍以內(nèi)例如：There are some tall trees in front of the building.在樓前有一些高樹(shù)。The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.老師坐在教室前面,in front of, in the front of,表示在上時(shí)，不是都用on，有時(shí)

16、須用in。在樹(shù)上in the tree 用于指樹(shù)上的鳥(niǎo)、人等。on the tree用于指生長(zhǎng)在樹(shù)上的葉子、果實(shí)。在墻上in the wall鑲嵌在墻內(nèi)，指窗戶、門(mén)、釘子等。on the wall在墻的表面之上，指地圖、畫(huà)像等。在報(bào)紙上in the newspaper用于指報(bào)上的內(nèi)容。on the newspaper用于指放在報(bào)紙上的東西，如眼鏡等。,in, on,be made of 從成品上看得出的材料be made from從成品上看不出的原料be made in產(chǎn)地 be made by制造者be made up of由組成，由構(gòu)成be made into 被制成Eg:It is said that this kind of cloth is made of silk and it is made in China.據(jù)說(shuō)這種布料是由絲綢制成的并且由中國(guó)制造。This wine is made from grapes.這酒是葡萄釀的。This machine is made by Uncle Wang.這機(jī)器是王伯伯制造的。The article is made up of fo