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1、Under the sea李仕才*閱讀理解。Old FossilsScientists have found what they think is probably the oldest fossil on Earth, a remnant of life from 3.7 billion years ago when Earths skies were orange and its oceans green.In a newly melted part of Greenland, Australian scientists found the leftover structure from

2、a community of microbes（微生物）that lived on an ancient seafloor. Based on their analysis of the fossils, the researchers determined that they are 220 million years older than those discovered in Western Australia, which were 3.48 billion years old.The discovery shows life may have formed quicker and m

3、ore easily than once thought, about half a billion years after Earth formed. And that may also give hope for life forming elsewhere, such as Mars, said study co-author Martin VanKranendonk of the University of New South Wales and director of the Australian Center for Astrobiology. It gives us an ide

4、a how our planet evolved and how life gained a foothold, VanKranendonk said.Scientists had thought it would take at least half a billion years for life to form after the molten Earth started to cool a bit, but this shows it could have happened quicker, he said. Thats because the newly found fossil i

5、s far too complex to have developed soon after the planets first life forms, he said.In an outcrop of rocks that used to be covered with ice and snow which melted after an exceptionally warm spring, the Australian team found stromatolites（疊層石）, which are layered structures that are often produced by

6、 a community of microbes. The stromatolites were about 1 to 4 centimeters high.It is like the house left behind made by the microbes, VanKranendonk said. Scientists used the layers of ash from volcanoes and tiny zircon（鋯石） with uranium and estimated that they date back to 3.7 billion years ago.The d

7、ating seems about right, said Abigail Allwood, a NASA astrobiologist who found the previous oldest fossil, from 3.48 billion years ago, in Australia. But Allwood said she is not completely convinced that what VanKranendonks team found once was alive. She said the evidence wasnt conclusive enough tha

8、t it was life and not a geologic quirk（地質(zhì)巧合）. It would be nice to have more evidence, but in these rocks thats a lot to ask, Allwood said in an email.1. The underlined words gained a foothold in Paragraph 3 mean_.A.continuedB.changedC.increasedD.Started2. We can learn from Paragraph 4_.A.the fossil

9、appeared soon after the birth of the earthB.the fossil formed soon after the earths first lifeC.life formed earlier than the newly found fossilD.life appeared about half a billion years ago3. What is Abigail Allwoods attitude towards the newly found fossil?A.Neutral.B.Sceptical.C.Objective.D.Support

10、ive.4. According to the passage, _.A.the previous fossils are a geologic quirkB. the previous fossils are made up of stromatolitesC. the newly found fossils come from Western AustraliaD. the newly found fossils have a history of 3.7 billion years【語(yǔ)篇解析】文章介紹科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)距今37億年前的化石。1. D【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第三段的句子It g

11、ives us an idea how our planet evolved這讓我們了解星球是怎么形成的，下文是生命是怎么開(kāi)始的。可知，gained a foothold 意為開(kāi)始。故選D。3. B【解析】 觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的句子She said the evidence wasnt conclusive enough that it was life and not a geologic quirk(地質(zhì)巧合).可知，Abigail Allwood 對(duì)于新發(fā)現(xiàn)的化石態(tài)度是懷疑的。故選B。4. D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段的句子remnant of life from 3.

12、7 billion years ago和第二段的句子the researchers determined that they are 220 million years older than those discovered in Western Australia, which were 3.48 billion years old.可知，新發(fā)現(xiàn)的化石有37億年歷史。故選D。*語(yǔ)法填空。The British have many traditions but there is nothing more typical than taking afternoon tea. We know th

13、e Brits have a love affair with drinking tea, _1_ more than 160 million cups drunk every day, but it was the invention of afternoon tea _2_ turned tea drinking into _3_ popular hobby.This sociable feast involves drinking good quality tea _4_ (comfort) while eating nice sandwiches, a selection of sma

14、ll cakes and so on. And, of course, it can only happen in the afternoon! Afternoon tea, which originally _5_ (design) as a light snack to bridge the gap between lunch and dinner, dates back to the 1840s. It went on to become a _6_ (fashion) social occasion for the upper classes.Now there is a resurg

15、ence (復(fù)蘇) in its _7_ (popular) in the UK and it is available to anyone who can afford it. _8_ it can be enjoyed at home, the best way to experience it is at a smart hotel or caf. But if youre thinking of visiting such a place _9_ (enjoy) a plate of delicious treats with a steaming hot brew, remember

16、 the rules you must follow to avoid _10_ (ask) to leave.Writer Henry James once noted that “there are few hours in life more agreeable than the hour devoted to the ceremony known as afternoon tea” . Im sure once you try it, you will agree.1_ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5._ 6._ 7._ 8._ 9._ 10._ 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。喝下午茶是最為

17、典型的英式傳統(tǒng)。濃郁的茶香配上精致、美味的各色茶點(diǎn)讓品飲下午茶成為了一件很愜意的事情。本文介紹了下午茶的起源、歷史、發(fā)展、現(xiàn)狀及受歡迎程度。1with 考查介詞。此處為“with名詞過(guò)去分詞”的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)用法，在句中作狀語(yǔ)。2that 考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，“the invention of afternoon tea”是被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分，故填that。3a 考查冠詞。a popular hobby “一個(gè)受歡迎的業(yè)余愛(ài)好”，此處用不定冠詞a表示泛指。4comfortably 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。空處在句中修飾“喝茶”這一動(dòng)作，充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)成分，應(yīng)該用副詞。5was designed

18、考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。該空在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)，design與作主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且由“originally”“dates back to the 1840s”可知應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。6fashionable 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾其后的名詞短語(yǔ)social occasion，作定語(yǔ)，用形容詞。7popularity 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。該空充當(dāng)介詞in的賓語(yǔ)，所以用名詞。8Although/While/Though 考查連詞。分析句意可知，句子中存在讓步的邏輯關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用連詞Although，While或Though來(lái)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。9to enjoy 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處為動(dòng)詞不

19、定式在句中充當(dāng)目的狀語(yǔ)。10being asked 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞avoid后需接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，并且ask和you之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式being asked。*完形填空。We have all heard of giant pandas, and know that they are endangered. When one has babies, it makes national news _1_， and pictures of their babies are _2_ circulated. But it now seems that the giant p

20、anda is not _3_ of itself.The lovely animals have _4_ a classic test of selfawareness. They cannot _5_ themselves in the mirror. Researchers use the mirror recognition test to _6_ whether children or animals have a _7_ of selfawareness.In the test, an animal is presented _8_ a mirror. Researchers th

21、en watch to see _9_ it notices a mark on its face, which is only _10_ in the mirror. If the animal notices the mark, it often _11_ it. Human children often pass the test when they are only two years old.Many other animals have passed the mirror test, including monkeys, Asian elephants and even pigeo

22、ns. But when researchers tested pandas, _12_ of them did the same thing as those animals did. _13_， each panda behaved as if their _14_ in the mirror was another panda altogether. They acted as if they were _15_ by what they saw in the mirror, scratching their feet and walking _16_.The _17_ of this

23、research will help design better areas for animals in captivity (圈養(yǎng)). For example, onedirectional glass sometimes used in the areas may _18_ pandas to feel stressed when they see their own image in the _19_. Thats because they might believe it to be another panda, _20_ themselves.1A.papersBcoversChe

24、adlines Dpages2A.widely Bpopularly Cespecially Dcompletely3A.shy BfondCconscious Dconfident4A.failed BignoredCfaced Dconducted5A.observe BdiscoverCrecognize Dunderstand6A.believe in Bfind outCpick out Dtake in7A.sense BquestionCopinion Dthought8A.for BwithCin Dbefore9A.how BwhenCwhy Dwhether10A.touc

25、hable BseeableCsensible Dpossible11A.dismisses BadmitsCfeels Dmoves12A.all BmostCone Dnone13A.Thus BHoweverCInstead DStill14A.reaction BreflectionCoperation Dimagination15A.trapped BamazedCthreatened Dteased16A.backwards BaloneCforwards Dalong17A.failure BoutcomeCsuccess Dreview18A.cause BprepareCac

26、celerate Durge19A.eyes BcagesCzoo Dglass20A.other than Bregardless ofCbecause of Drather than【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文對(duì)大熊貓、兒童還有其他的動(dòng)物都做了有關(guān)自我意識(shí)感方面的研究，結(jié)果顯示大熊貓的自我認(rèn)知很差，即使照鏡子，它們也認(rèn)不出鏡子里的自己。1C考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)上文中的“and know that they are endangered”可推知，當(dāng)一個(gè)大熊貓有寶寶后，很快就會(huì)上國(guó)內(nèi)新聞?lì)^條。C項(xiàng)意為“頭條(新聞)”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“報(bào)紙”；B項(xiàng)意為“封面”；D項(xiàng)意為“頁(yè)碼”，均與語(yǔ)境

27、不符。故選C項(xiàng)。2A考查副詞辨析。上文提到，當(dāng)一個(gè)大熊貓有寶寶后，很快就會(huì)上國(guó)內(nèi)新聞?lì)^條；由此可推知，大熊貓寶寶的照片會(huì)被廣泛傳閱。A項(xiàng)意為“廣泛地”，符合語(yǔ)境。B項(xiàng)意為“流行地”；C項(xiàng)意為“特別地”；D項(xiàng)意為“完全地”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選A項(xiàng)。3C考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“a classic test of selfawareness”可知，這里指的是現(xiàn)在看起來(lái)大熊貓是沒(méi)有自我意識(shí)的。C項(xiàng)意為“有意識(shí)的”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“害羞的”；B項(xiàng)意為“喜歡的”；D項(xiàng)意為“自信的”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選C項(xiàng)。4A考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“They cannot. have a _ of

28、selfawareness.”可知，可愛(ài)的大熊貓沒(méi)有通過(guò)這種經(jīng)典的自我意識(shí)測(cè)試。A項(xiàng)意為“失敗”，符合語(yǔ)境。B項(xiàng)意為“忽視”；C項(xiàng)意為“面對(duì)”；D項(xiàng)意為“指揮，引導(dǎo)”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選A項(xiàng)。5C考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文的“Researchers use the mirror recognition.”可知，此處指大熊貓認(rèn)不出鏡子中的自己。C項(xiàng)意為“辨認(rèn)出”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“觀察”；B項(xiàng)意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；D項(xiàng)意為“理解”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選C項(xiàng)。6B考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指研究者的目的是弄清楚孩子或動(dòng)物是否有自我認(rèn)知。B項(xiàng)意為“找到，弄清楚”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“相信，信任”；C項(xiàng)

29、意為“挑選出”；D項(xiàng)意為“吸收，欺騙”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選B項(xiàng)。7A考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指自我認(rèn)知，是一種感覺(jué)。A項(xiàng)意為“感覺(jué)”，a sense of為固定搭配，意為“一種感”，符合語(yǔ)境。B項(xiàng)意為“問(wèn)題”；C項(xiàng)意為“觀點(diǎn)”；D項(xiàng)意為“想法”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選A項(xiàng)。8B考查介詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指在實(shí)驗(yàn)中，動(dòng)物在鏡子中呈現(xiàn)出來(lái)。表示使用某種工具，應(yīng)用介詞with。9D考查連詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指研究者想觀察大熊貓是否能注意到它臉上的記號(hào)。故選D項(xiàng)。10B考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，在自己臉上的標(biāo)記，只有在鏡子中才能看到。B項(xiàng)意為“可見(jiàn)的”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“可觸摸的

30、”；C項(xiàng)意為“可覺(jué)察的”；D項(xiàng)意為“可能的”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選B項(xiàng)。11C考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文的“Many other animals have passed the mirror test”可知，此處指如果動(dòng)物注意到臉上的標(biāo)記，它會(huì)感受到這個(gè)標(biāo)記的。C項(xiàng)意為“感受，感覺(jué)”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“解雇，解散”；B項(xiàng)意為“承認(rèn)”；D項(xiàng)意為“移動(dòng)”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選C項(xiàng)。12D考查代詞辨析。根據(jù)上文及轉(zhuǎn)折詞“but”可知，此處指沒(méi)有一只大熊貓像其他動(dòng)物一樣能感受到臉上的標(biāo)記。故選D項(xiàng)。13C考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指“相反，每一只大熊貓表現(xiàn)得就像鏡子里的影像是其他大熊貓”。C項(xiàng)意為“代

31、替，而不是”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“因此”；B項(xiàng)意為“然而”；D項(xiàng)意為“仍然”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選C項(xiàng)。14B考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，鏡子中應(yīng)是映照出的影像。B項(xiàng)意為“映像，倒影”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“反應(yīng)”；C項(xiàng)意為“操作，手術(shù)”；D項(xiàng)意為“想象”。均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選B項(xiàng)。15C考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中熊貓的反應(yīng)可知，熊貓表現(xiàn)出好像受到鏡子中“自己”的威脅。C項(xiàng)意為“威脅”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“使陷入困境，卡住”；B項(xiàng)意為“使驚訝”；D項(xiàng)意為“取笑，戲弄”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選C項(xiàng)。16A考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，害怕會(huì)向后退。A項(xiàng)意為“向后”，符合語(yǔ)境。B項(xiàng)意為“獨(dú)自地”；C項(xiàng)意為“向前

32、”；D項(xiàng)意為“一起，沿著”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選A項(xiàng)。17B考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指研究的結(jié)果。B項(xiàng)意為“結(jié)果”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“失敗”；C項(xiàng)意為“成功”；D項(xiàng)意為“復(fù)習(xí)”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選B項(xiàng)。18A考查動(dòng)詞辨析。由語(yǔ)境可知，此處指可以成像的玻璃會(huì)讓大熊貓感到有壓力。cause sb. to do sth. 意為“導(dǎo)致某人做某事”，符合語(yǔ)境。B項(xiàng)意為“準(zhǔn)備”；C項(xiàng)意為“加速”；D項(xiàng)意為“督促”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選A項(xiàng)。19D考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)上文中的“onedirectional glass”可知，glass符合語(yǔ)境。故選D項(xiàng)。20D考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。由語(yǔ)境可知，此處指這就是因

33、為大熊貓相信鏡子里是別的大熊貓而不是自己。D項(xiàng)意為“而不是”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“除了”；B項(xiàng)意為“不管”；C項(xiàng)意為“因?yàn)椤?，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選D項(xiàng)。*短文改錯(cuò)。Nowadays more and more people would rather to look for a job on the Internet than in the newspapers or in the job market. There are many reasons for my preference, one of that is that a job hunter can find a job conveni

34、ently. He neednt bother to get recommendations from relative or friends, or registration at an employment exchange. Besides, a job hunter can get a job by simple browsing among the advertisements online and sending resumes by email. Finally, the success rate is very high. But even if one fails to fi

35、nd a job, it can spare him the embarrassment of refused.As for me, I believe that as the increasing popularity of the Internet, this new way would win favor among more and more jobless people and laidoff workers. Its due to its convenience, efficient and high success rate. 答案：Nowadays more and more

36、people would rather look for a job on the Internet than in the newspapers or in the job market. There are many reasons for preference, one of is that a job hunter can find a job conveniently. He neednt bother to get recommendations from or friends, or registration at an employment exchange. Besides,

37、 a job hunter can get a job by browsing among the advertisements online and sending resumes by email. Finally, the success rate is very high. even if one fails to find a job, it can spare him the embarrassment of refused.As for me, I believe that the increasing popularity of the Internet, this new w

38、ay win favor among more and more jobless people and laidoff workers. Its due to its convenience, and high success rate.難項(xiàng)分析：第一處：去掉rather后的to 考查固定用法。would rather do sth.為固定用法，意為“寧愿做某事”，故去掉to。第五處：simplesimply 考查副詞。應(yīng)用副詞修飾browsing這一動(dòng)詞。第七處：refused前加being 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞，又因?yàn)閞efuse與其邏輯主語(yǔ)one之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式。*