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1、現(xiàn)在完成時精講和專練I. 定義：表示過去發(fā)生或已經完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果，也可以表示過去已經開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)II. 現(xiàn)在完成時的結構肯定句：have/has+ done (過去分詞) 否定句：主語+have/has+not+ done (過去分詞)+其他.一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+ done (過去分詞)+其他.簡略答語: Yes, 主語 + have/has.(肯定)No, 主語 + havent/hasnt.(否定)注意：表示短暫時間動作的詞，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成時不能與for，since等表示一段時間的詞連用。用來持續(xù)

2、的動作或狀態(tài)或表過去重復的動作，如live，study，be，wait等，常和since（自從）或for（經歷）引導的詞語連用。如：I have lived here for more than thirty years.我已在此住了30多年。III. 現(xiàn)在完成時的標志1.現(xiàn)在完成時的含義之一是過去完成的動作對現(xiàn)在仍有影響, 現(xiàn)在完成時通常和，ever, never, twice（once）, so far（到目前為止）, since，for，in the past/last few years（在過去幾年） , already（肯定句）, yet（否定，疑問句）, just(剛剛), bef

3、ore（以前）, recently（近來） 等詞連用說明：already與yet都有“已經”的意思，但already常用于肯定句，并用于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑問句，并用于句末。例如：I have already finished my homework. I havent finished my homework yet. Have you finished your homework yet?They have left. (他們已經離開了,也就是說現(xiàn)在他們人不在這里)I have had my lunch. (我已經吃過午飯了,也就是說我現(xiàn)在不餓)I cant find my wat

4、ch now. I think I have already lost it.2.過去已經開始的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 甚至有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去,我們可以從動作“延續(xù)”的特性和“時間”點段的區(qū)分入手。for+時段 since+過去一個時間點（過去 從句）為標志注意： 1)現(xiàn)在完成時不能單獨與過去的時間狀語連用, 如yesterday, last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能與when連用IV. 現(xiàn)在完成時的用法A表示過去發(fā)生或已經完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果，強調對現(xiàn)在造成的影想或結果）。例如： The car has arrived.車子來了。（結果：車子已在門

5、口）Someone has broken the window.有人把窗戶打破了。（結果：窗戶仍破著）B. 表示過去已經開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示從過去某一時刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括“現(xiàn)在”在內）的一段時間的狀語連用,如for+時間段、since+過去的時間點、疑問詞how long等。例如： My uncle has worked at this factory for five years. 我叔叔在這個工廠工作已經五年了。 Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002. 自從2002年Mr. Black 一直住在中國。 How long have

6、 you been here? 你來這里多久了？ 注意：此種用法中表示持續(xù)動作或狀態(tài)的動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞（否定句除外）。例如： (1)這本書我已經買了三個月了。 錯誤：I have bought the book for three months. 正確：I have had the book for three months. (2)你哥哥參軍多長時間了？ 錯誤：How long has your brother joined the army? 正確：How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier?延續(xù)性動詞與非延續(xù)性動

7、詞之間的轉換 7leave - be away borrow - keep buy - have die - be dead begin/start - be on finish - be over fall ill -be illget up-be up catch a cold - have a cold put on wearcome/become/go - be here fall asleep - be asleep get to/ arrive/reach - be (in) get to know - know join-be a member of . (成為的一員) open

8、 -be openclose -be closed用相應的延續(xù)性動詞替換短暫性動詞，句中謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時，時間狀語為“for時間段”或“since時間點”。如：He has been in the Green China for three years.He has been a member of the Green China for three years.他加入“綠色中國”已經三年了。 The old man died 4 years ago.- The old man has been dead for 4 years.He joined the Party 2 years ag

9、o.- He has been in the Party for 2 years.I bought the book 5 days ago.- I have had the book for 5 days. 表示時間段的短語有:for+一段時間(for 2 years), since+從句(since he came here), since+時間點名詞( since last year, since 5 days ago),how long; for a long time等。V. 現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)與一般過去時態(tài)的區(qū)別 1一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調動作；現(xiàn)在完成時

10、為過去發(fā)生的，強調過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調的是影響。I saw this film yesterday.（強調動作發(fā)生的時間是yesterday 。）I have seen this film.（強調對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內容已經知道了。）2一般過去時和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如：ago, last week/.In 2008, in the past, just now, the day before yesterday, yesterday .Then(那時),that day, one day, once(從前)現(xiàn)在完成時常和recently（近來），ever, never, twic

11、e, so far（到目前為止）, since，for，in the past/last few years , already（肯定句）, yet（否定，疑問句）, just(剛剛), before（以前）連用?，F(xiàn)在完成時不與表示過去的時間狀語連用?，F(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. VI. 比較since和forsince 后接時間點， for后接時間段，試比較：I have lived here for more than twenty years.I have lived here

12、since I was born.My aunt has worked in a company since 1949.I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.VII. 比較 have/has been to、have/has gone to 和 have been inhave(has) been to.表示“曾去過某地，已經從那里回來了”，可以和ever、never、twice等連用。have(has) gone to表示“已經去了某地，在去那里的途中或到達那里還沒有回來”。have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多長時間”，

13、常與表示一段時間的狀語連用，如：since, for, how long 等He went to Shanghai last week 上周他去了上海He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾經)到/去過上海.(但他人現(xiàn)在肯定不是在上海而是回來了)He has gone to Shanghai. 他已經去上海了.(也許剛動身出發(fā),也許已經到了,也許還在路上,反正他人不在這里)Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生來上海已經有三天了語法練習I. 延續(xù)性動詞和瞬間性動詞之間的轉化1.He died 10 years ag

14、o. He _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. He _the book for 2 weeks.3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. He _the motorbike for a month.4. He arrived here three days ago.He _here since three days ago.5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. The light _for 2 hou

15、rs.6. He left here 2 years ago. He _from here for 2 years.7. The film began 30 minutes ago. The film _ for 30 minutes.8. They opened the door an hour ago. The door _ for an hour.9. They closed the door an hour ago. The door _for an hour.10. He joined the army last year. He _ a _ for a year. He _ the

16、 army for a year. It _ a year _ he joined the army. II. 單項選擇。( )1. The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written ( )2. Have you met Mr. Li _？. Just . ago .before .a moment ago( )3. How long have you _ here ? About two months . been . gone . come

17、. arrived( )4. Our country _ a lot so far .Yes. I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better. changed; better ( )5. _ you _ your homework yet ?Yes. I _ it a moment ago.Did; do; finished .Have; done; finished.Have; done; have finished . will; do; finish( )6. W

18、e _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew( )7. Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _ twice. will see . have seen . saw .see( )8. These farmers have been to the United States .Really? When _ there ?. will they go .did they go . do they go . have they gone ( )9. Zh

19、ou Lang _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are; studying( )10. His father _ the Party since 1998 .joined . has joined . was in . has been in( )11. Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . have been . have become . ha

20、ve made( )12. He has _ been to Shanghai, has he ?. already .never .ever . still( )13. Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . has begun . had begun . has been on . began( )14. It _ ten years since he left the army . Is . has . will . was( )15. Miss Green isnt in the office. She_ to the library.has go

21、ne . went .will go . has been( )16. My parents _ Shandong for ten years. have been in . have been to. have gone to . have been( )17. The students have cleaned the classroom, _? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they( )18. has Mr. White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A.

22、 How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived ( )19. His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university二、句型轉換。1、He has never surfed, _ ?（改成附加疑問句） 2、They have been here since 2001. (提問) _ have they been here

23、?3、The old man _ last year. He _for a year. (die) （動詞填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同義句轉換) This factory _ for twenty years.5、Miss Green left an hour ago. (同義句轉換)Miss Green _ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同義句） Her mother _ the Party three years _ .三、漢譯

24、英。1、他昨天收到一封信。_2、我父親以前到過長城。_4、她去過上海。_5、他這些天上哪兒去了？_現(xiàn)在完成時練習 ：一、 單項選擇。10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; finished C.Have ; done ; have finished D.will ; do ; finish11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. h

25、as been in12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made21.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes.A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away22. I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have

26、joined C. have been in23.The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened24.Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become26.The meeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over27.M

27、iss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught30. How long _ he _ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead31. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon. A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept32.He _ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had 33.-How long _ you _ ill ? -Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been35.Ill lend you the book , but you can only _ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take40.- How long can I _