(完整word版)現(xiàn)在完成時講解(含講解及習(xí)題) 現(xiàn)在完成時講解 一、構(gòu)成： 肯定式:主語 + 助動詞have/has + 動詞的過去分詞。 疑問式：助動詞Have/Has + 主語 + 動詞的過去分詞？ 否定式: 主語 + 助動詞have/has + not + 動詞的過去分詞。 過去分詞規(guī)則變化： a)一般情況下，直接加ed， （work———worked，water—-—watered， finish—-—finished等;） b)以“輔音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的動詞, 把y 變成i 再加ed, （carry—- —carried study——-studied等；) c）以輔+元+輔結(jié)尾且中讀的動詞，要雙寫最后一個輔音字母,再加ed. （stop—--stopped,shop—--shopped） d)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞,只加d ( 過去分詞不規(guī)則變化表： 二、用法: 用法一：表示過去（已經(jīng)、曾經(jīng)或從未）發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。 標(biāo)志詞： ①already, ②never， ③ever, ④just， ⑤yet, ⑥before， ⑦once/twice/數(shù)字+ times 例: I have cleaned my room。 我已打掃了房間(房間現(xiàn)在是干凈的,不需要打掃了） They have left。 —-他們已經(jīng)離開了，也就是說現(xiàn)在他們?nèi)瞬辉谶@里 I have never had a car （我從未有過汽車。) I have been there twice. a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑問句時表示強(qiáng) 調(diào)或加強(qiáng)語氣;yet 用于否定句和疑問句. ? He has already left here。 他已經(jīng)離開這里了。 ? Has he already left here？ 他(真的）已經(jīng)離開這里了嗎？（表示加強(qiáng)語氣) ? My teachers haven’t had breakfast yet。 我的老師們還沒有吃早飯。 ? Have you written to your parents yet? 你已經(jīng)給你父母寫過信了嗎？ b） never 是否定詞，表示“從來沒有”，而ever 表示“曾經(jīng)” ? We have never been to the Great Wall。 我們從來沒有去過長城。 ? Have you ever been to Canada？ 你們曾經(jīng)去過加拿大嗎？ c） just用于句中, 表示“剛剛” ? I’ve just had breakfast. 我剛吃完早飯. ? What have they just done? 他們剛剛做了什么? d） before用于句末， 表示“以前” ? I’ve seen it before. 我以前見過它. 練習(xí):用never，ever，already，before， just或yet填空。 1。 I have __________seen him before, so I have no idea about him. 2。 Jack has __________finished his homework. 3. -—Have you _________seen the film？ —-No, I have ________seen it。 4. -——Has the bus left _______？ -——Yes, it has ________ left. 5. Would you like to go to the zoo with me？ Yes, but I have been there _________。 ★ has gone to, has been to， has been in 的區(qū)別： 1。 have/has gone to 去了某地（還在某地沒回來） ——-Where is your father？ 你爸爸在哪里？ —-—He has gone to Shanghai。 他去上海了。 2。 have/has been to 曾經(jīng)去過（已回，已不在去過的地方） +次數(shù)（once/twice/ 數(shù)字+times） My father has been to Shanghai 3 times。 我爸爸去過上海3次。 畫線提問:________________ has your father been to Shanghai? 3。 have/has been in 待了多久(去了，現(xiàn)在仍在所待的地方）+ for + 時間段/ + since + 時間點(diǎn) My father has been in Shanghai for two months/ since two months ago。 我爸已經(jīng)在上海待了兩個月了。 畫線提問：_______________has your father been in Shanghai？ ▲注意：注意遇到四個地點(diǎn)副詞要去掉to/in， 這四個地點(diǎn)副詞是:here ,there ,home ，abroad 練習(xí):用have gone to / have been to / have been in / went to 填空。 1。 _____ you ever _____ Disneyland？ 2。 How many times _____ you _____ Disneyland ？ 3。 I _____ Nanjing since two years ago 4。 Mr。 Li _____ Hong Kong。 And he'll come back in two days. 5. —How long _____ you _____ Disneyland ? —For three days。 I __________ the theme park last Sunday。 6. My father __________ Hong Kong two weeks ago. 7. My father __________ Hong Kong in 2005. 8。 My father __________ Hong Kong since 2005。 9。 My father __________ Hong Kong twice。 10. My father __________ Hong Kong and he hasn't come back yet. 11。 -Where's Lucy? —She has__________ to a restaurant for lunch. 12. Have you __________ to this park before. 13。 I have__________ there only once this year。 14。 She has __________ to the shop to buy a notebook. 15。 You’re late, Lao Wang has __________ to Guangzhou。 用法二：表示過去已經(jīng)開始, 并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài). 標(biāo)志詞:⑦up to now， ⑧so far, ⑨for +時間段 ⑩since+時間點(diǎn) I have learnt English for more than ten years。我已經(jīng)學(xué)了10多年的英語。 She has swum since half an hour ago.我已經(jīng)游泳了半個小時 a) for +一段時間 Eg。 I have been here for 5 weeks。 我在這里5周了。 He’s studied English for 3 years。 他學(xué)習(xí)英語3年了。 b） since +（表示過去某一時間的)時間點(diǎn)/單詞/詞組/ 從句（一般過去時) Eg。 I have been here since 2000. 我自從2000年開始在這里。 I have been here since 5 years ago。 我自從5年前就在這里。 I have been here since I graduated in 2000。 我自從2000年畢業(yè)就在這里. 注：1) 對for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語提問 必須用how long， 決不能用when. Eg. I have lived here for 10 years. 畫線提問： ________ _______ have you lived here？ 注2)： 短暫性動詞不能和for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用, 當(dāng)然也不能用于how long引導(dǎo)的問句中 Eg. (誤)I have left there for 5 years。 （正)I have been away there for 5 years. ★為了表述這種意思，我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞 來代替短暫性動詞。 become →be， begin→ have , borrow → keep, buy → have， go out → be out come (go， arrive， get） →be in die→ be dead, finish→ be over, join→ be in …（be a member of … ) leave→ be away （ from…）， open→ be open close→ be closed 練習(xí)： 選用 for和 since填空： 1。We haven’t seen each other ______ a long time。 2.His father has been in the Party ______ 10 years ago. 3。The film has been on ______ 20 minutes. 4。Mr Green has worked here ______ he came to China。 5.His grandparents have been dead ______ several years. 6。 It's five years _______ we met last time。 三、與一般過去時的用法比較 1現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時都是說過去的事情，但現(xiàn)在完成時注意的不是事情本身，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)事情與現(xiàn)在保持的某種密切聯(lián)系（如現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果，影響,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在等)，不與表示過去的時間連用; 而一般過去時,則只講述發(fā)生在過去的動作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系，常與表示過去的時間連用。 eg:He has bought an English—Chinese dictionary. 他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary。 他曾買過一本英漢字典。 第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時時態(tài)，想表達(dá)意為：“He bought an English—Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “過去他買了一本英漢字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典” . 第二句用過去時只敘述過去他買過一本英漢字典這一事實(shí)，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強(qiáng) 調(diào)說明。 2．常與一般過去時連用的典型的表示過去時間的狀語： yesterday(昨天）, the day before yesterday(前天)， just now(剛才）， 時間+ ago, last +時間 等； eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago. 　We finished our task last week 。 現(xiàn)在完成時練習(xí)題 一． 單項(xiàng)選擇 1. I have been living here _____ 1999. A。 for B. after C. in D. since 2。_____ have you been playing the guitar? For 5 years. A. How soon B。 How long C。 How far D。 How often 3.______ may I keep these books? For two weeks。 A。 How often B。 How far C。 How long D. How soon 4.______ have you been here? I’ve been here for months。 A。 How long B. How often C。 How much D. How many 5。 The boy ______TV all morning. A。 has watched B. had watched C. has been watching D。 watched 6。 How long _____ you _____ stamps？ Since two years ago。 A. have， collected B. did, collect C. have , been collecting D。 are， collecting 7。They are still working in the fields。 They ______ for two hours. A. was working B. has been working C. worked D。 are working 8。He looks tired. Oh ， he ____ for three hours. A. have been skating B。 have been skated C。 has been skating D. has been skated 9。 He ______ it for two hours, and he is still watching now。 A。 has been B。 watching C。 has been watching D。 is watching 10。 The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two years。 A。 is writing B。 was writing C。 wrote D. has written 11。Harry Potter is a very nice film 。 I_______ it twice。 A. will see B。 have seen C。 saw D. see 12.His father ______ the Party since 1978. A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in 13。How long have you ____ here？ —About two months。 A. been B. gone C。 come D。 arrived 14。Hurry up! The play _____ for ten minutes。 A. has begun B. had begun C。 has been on D。 began 15 It _____ ten years since he left the army. A. is B. has C. will D. was 16。My parents ______ Shandong for ten years. A。 have been in B. have been to C。 have gone to D。 have been 17。____has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he ____to China？ A. How soon，comes B。 How often， got C。 How long，came D. How far， arrived 18. His uncle ____ for more than 9 years。 A. has come here B. has started to work C。 has lived there D. has left the university 19.Sarah has been sleeping ______ 2：00 pm。 A. for B。 at C. in D。 since 20.The students have cleaned the classroom，_____？ A。 so they B. don‘t they C。 have they D. haven't they 二．句型轉(zhuǎn)換： 1.I have been watching the football match for half an hour。（劃線提問） _______ ________ _______ you been watching the football match？ 2. He has been studying Japanese for two years.（同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) He has been studying Japanese ______ two years ______。 3. We started the party two hours ago。（劃線提問） ______ _______ you ________ the party？ 4. The old man _____ last year。 He __________________for a year. （die)（動詞填空) 5. Do you swim every day？(用for two hours 改寫） _______ you ________ for two hours。 6.Miss Gao left an hour ago。 (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換） Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour. 7.Her mother has been a Party member for three years 。（同義句） Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ 。 8。The Green Family moved to France two years ago。 （同義句轉(zhuǎn)換） _______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France。、 三、動詞填空 1. _____ you ________（clean) the room？ Yes， we __________（do) that already. When _______ you ______(do） it？ We _______（do） it an hour ago. 2。______ he ______(see） this film yet？ Yes。 When _____ he _____(see） it？ He ______ it last week. 3。 How many times _____you______(be) there？ 四、漢譯英. 1、吉姆已做完作業(yè)，他現(xiàn)在有空了。 2、他昨天收到一封信。 3、我父親以前到過長城. 4、她還沒有看過那部新電影. 5、她去過上海. 6、他這些天上哪兒去了？ 7。這車你買多長時間了？ 三年了. 8.你洗盤子了嗎？沒有.我馬上去做. 9。你離開家鄉(xiāng)幾年了？ 十年了。 10。這本書我借了一周了。 7