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1、(完整word)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解(含講解及習(xí)題)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解一、構(gòu)成:肯定式:主語 + 助動詞have/has + 動詞的過去分詞。 疑問式：助動詞Have/Has + 主語 + 動詞的過去分詞?否定式: 主語 + 助動詞have/has + not + 動詞的過去分詞。過去分詞規(guī)則變化：a）一般情況下,直接加ed， （work-worked，waterwatered， finish-finished等；）b)以“輔音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的動詞, 把y 變成i 再加ed， （carry-carried study-studied等;)c）以輔+元+輔結(jié)尾且中讀的動詞，要雙寫最后一個輔音字母，再加e

2、d. (stop-stopped，shop-shopped）d)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞，只加d ( 過去分詞不規(guī)則變化表：二、用法：用法一：表示過去（已經(jīng)、曾經(jīng)或從未）發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。 標(biāo)志詞: already, never， ever， just， yet， before， once/twice/數(shù)字+ times 例： I have cleaned my room。 我已打掃了房間(房間現(xiàn)在是干凈的，不需要打掃了）They have left。 他們已經(jīng)離開了,也就是說現(xiàn)在他們?nèi)瞬辉谶@里I have never had a car （我從未有過汽車。)I have b

3、een there twice.a）already 往往用于肯定句,用在疑問句時(shí)表示強(qiáng) 調(diào)或加強(qiáng)語氣;yet 用于否定句和疑問句。He has already left here。 他已經(jīng)離開這里了。Has he already left here? 他（真的）已經(jīng)離開這里了嗎？(表示加強(qiáng)語氣）My teachers havent had breakfast yet。 我的老師們還沒有吃早飯.Have you written to your parents yet？ 你已經(jīng)給你父母寫過信了嗎？b） never 是否定詞,表示“從來沒有,而ever 表示“曾經(jīng)”We have never bee

4、n to the Great Wall. 我們從來沒有去過長城。Have you ever been to Canada? 你們曾經(jīng)去過加拿大嗎? c） just用于句中, 表示“剛剛”Ive just had breakfast. 我剛吃完早飯。What have they just done？ 他們剛剛做了什么？d） before用于句末, 表示“以前”Ive seen it before。 我以前見過它。 練習(xí)：用never，ever，already，before， just或yet填空.1。 I have _seen him before, so I have no idea abou

5、t him.2. Jack has _finished his homework。 3. -Have you _seen the film？ -No， I have _seen it.4. -Has the bus left _? -Yes， it has _ left。5。 Would you like to go to the zoo with me? Yes, but I have been there _. has gone to, has been to, has been in 的區(qū)別：1. have/has gone to 去了某地(還在某地沒回來) -Where is your

6、 father? 你爸爸在哪里？-He has gone to Shanghai。 他去上海了。2。 have/has been to 曾經(jīng)去過（已回，已不在去過的地方) +次數(shù)(once/twice/ 數(shù)字+times）My father has been to Shanghai 3 times. 我爸爸去過上海3次。畫線提問：_ has your father been to Shanghai?3。 have/has been in 待了多久（去了，現(xiàn)在仍在所待的地方)+ for + 時(shí)間段/ + since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn) My father has been in Shanghai for

7、 two months/ since two months ago. 我爸已經(jīng)在上海待了兩個月了。畫線提問：_has your father been in Shanghai？注意：注意遇到四個地點(diǎn)副詞要去掉to/in, 這四個地點(diǎn)副詞是：here ，there ，home ，abroad練習(xí):用have gone to / have been to / have been in / went to 填空.1。 _ you ever _ Disneyland?2. How many times _ you _ Disneyland ?3。 I _ Nanjing since two years

8、 ago4. Mr。 Li _ Hong Kong。 And hell come back in two days。5. -How long _ you _ Disneyland ？ For three days。 I _ the theme park last Sunday。6. My father _ Hong Kong two weeks ago. 7. My father _ Hong Kong in 2005。8. My father _ Hong Kong since 2005。9。 My father _ Hong Kong twice.10。 My father _ Hong

9、Kong and he hasnt come back yet。11. Wheres Lucy? She has_ to a restaurant for lunch.12。 Have you _ to this park before。13。 I have_ there only once this year。14。 She has _ to the shop to buy a notebook。15。 Youre late， Lao Wang has _ to Guangzhou.用法二:表示過去已經(jīng)開始, 并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。 標(biāo)志詞：up to now， so far， fo

10、r +時(shí)間段 since+時(shí)間點(diǎn) I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了10多年的英語.She has swum since half an hour ago.我已經(jīng)游泳了半個小時(shí)a） for +一段時(shí)間Eg。 I have been here for 5 weeks。 我在這里5周了。 Hes studied English for 3 years. 他學(xué)習(xí)英語3年了。b） since +(表示過去某一時(shí)間的）時(shí)間點(diǎn)/單詞/詞組/ 從句（一般過去時(shí)）Eg. I have been here since 2000。 我自從2000

11、年開始在這里。 I have been here since 5 years ago. 我自從5年前就在這里。 I have been here since I graduated in 2000. 我自從2000年畢業(yè)就在這里。注：1） 對for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語提問 必須用how long， 決不能用when.Eg. I have lived here for 10 years。 畫線提問： _ _ have you lived here？注2）: 短暫性動詞不能和for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用， 當(dāng)然也不能用于how long引導(dǎo)的問句中 Eg。 （誤）I have lef

12、t there for 5 years。(正)I have been away there for 5 years。 為了表述這種意思,我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞 來代替短暫性動詞。 become be, begin have , borrow keep, buy have， go out be out come (go， arrive， get） be in die be dead， finish be over, join be in （be a member of ） leave be away ( from）, open be open close be closed 練習(xí)： 選用 fo

13、r和 since填空：1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2。His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4。Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China。5。His grandparents have been dead _ several years。6。 Its five years _ we met last time.三、與一般過去時(shí)的用法比較1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)都是說過去的事情，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)注意的不是事情本身，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)事情與現(xiàn)在保持的某種密切聯(lián)系（如現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果，影響，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在等），不與表示過去的時(shí)間連用; 而一般過去時(shí)，則只講述發(fā)生在過去的動作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系，常與表示過去的時(shí)間連用。 eg:He has bought an EnglishChinese dictionary。 他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典。 He bought an EnglishChinese dictionary。 他曾買過一本英漢字典。第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)態(tài),想表達(dá)意為：“He bought an En