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1、(完整word)現(xiàn)在完成時講解現(xiàn)在完成時講解一、基本結(jié)構(gòu):1、肯定句：主語+have/has+過去分詞(done）+-。2、否定句：主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+-.3、一般疑問句:Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+-.回答: Yes,主語+ have/has。(肯定) No,主語+ havent/hasnt。（否定)二、用法（1）現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果Ihave spentall of my money。 (含義是：現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了.）Lilyhas (just/already) come. （含義:Lily現(xiàn)在在這兒)My fatherha

2、s goneto work.（含義是:我爸爸現(xiàn)在不在這兒)（2）現(xiàn)在完成時可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時刻的， 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),常與for（+時間段），since（+時間點或過去時的句子）連用。for+時段since+過去時間（譯為:自從以來）since+從句（過去時）It is+時段+since+從句（過去時）Mary has been illfor three days。I have lived heresince 1998.三、has gone （to）， has been （to)， has been (in)的區(qū)別1、Have/Has gone(to) :去了(現(xiàn)在不在說話現(xiàn)場

3、)Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai。2、Have/Has been (to） :去過(已不在去過的地方)My father has been to Shanghai。3、Have/has been in:呆了多久（還在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghaifor two months。 /since two months ago.四、現(xiàn)在完成時的標(biāo)志1、現(xiàn)在完成時的含義之一是過去完成的動作對現(xiàn)在仍有影響，用以下四大標(biāo)志詞可以表達這種含義:（1）以already， just和yet為標(biāo)志Hehas alre

4、ady gother help。他已得到她的幫助.Hehas just seenthe film.他剛剛看過這場電影.Hehasnt comebackyet。他還沒有回來。（2)以ever和never為標(biāo)志This is the best film Ihave ever seen。這是我曾經(jīng)看過的最好的一部電影。Hehas never beento Beijing。他從沒有到過北京。(3）以動作發(fā)生的次數(shù)為標(biāo)志He says hehas been tothe USAthree times。 他說他已經(jīng)去過美國三次了。（4）以so far（到目前為止）為標(biāo)志+beforeHehas gotto

5、Beijingso far.到目前為止他已到了北京。She has passed the exam so far.到目前為止她已經(jīng)通過了考試。2.過去已經(jīng)開始的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 甚至有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去,我們可以從動作“延續(xù)”的特性和“時間”點段的區(qū)分入手，進一步學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時. for+時段since+過去一個時間點（過去從句）為標(biāo)志注意：1)現(xiàn)在完成時不能單獨與過去的時間狀語連用,如yesterday, last week, three years ago等；五、過去分詞（一） 規(guī)則動詞：規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則與規(guī)則動詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則相同。（1) 一般動詞，在詞尾直接加“ ed

6、 。work-worked-worked ，visit-visitedvisited（2） 以“ e ”結(jié)尾的動詞，只在詞尾加“ d ”。live-lived-lived ，（3） 以“輔音字母 + y 結(jié)尾的動詞,將 ”y 變?yōu)?”i ，再加“ ed ”.study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried(4) 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加“ ed ”.stop-stopped-stopped ， drop-droppeddropped（二）不規(guī)則動詞：1、 AAA型原型 過去式 過去分詞burst burst burst cast

7、cast cast cost cost cost cut cut cuthit hit hit hurt hurt hurt let let let put put putset set set shut shut shut spread spread spreadread read readread原形發(fā)音為/ri:d/，過去式和過去分詞發(fā)音為/red/2、AAB型beat beat beaten3、ABA型become became become run ran run come came come特殊情況4、ABB型bring brought brought buy bought bou

8、ght build built built burn burnt burntcatch caught caught dig dug dug feel felt felt fight fought fought find found foundhear heard heard hold held heldkeep kept kept lay laid laid lead led led lose lost lostmake made made meet met metsell sold sold shoot shot shot sit sat sat stand stood stoodsweep

9、 swept sweptteach taught taught tell told told think thought thought win won won5、ABC型begin began begun blow blew blown break broke brokenchoose chose chosendraw drew drawn drive drove driven drink drank drunk fly flew flown forgive forgave forgiven forget forgot forgotten freeze froze frozengive ga

10、ve given grow grew grownknow knew knownride rode ridden rise rose risen ring rang rungshake shook shaken sing sang sung sink sank sunk swim swam swumswim swam swumthrow threw thrownwrite wrote written六、瞬間動詞(buy， die, join, come,go ，leave， join ）不能直接與for /since連用。要改變動詞begin-be on borrow -keep buy-hav

11、e close -be closed come/arrive/reach/get to-be in die-be deadfinish-be overgo out-be out leave -be awayopen-be open1、have代替buyMy brother has had（不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years。2、用keep或have代替borrowI have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days。3、用be替代becomeHow long has yo

12、ur sister been a teacher?4、用have a cold代替catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday。5、用wear代替put onb）用“be形容詞”代終止性動詞1、bemarried代marry 2、beill代fall （get) ill3、bedead代die 4、beasleep代fall （get) asleep5、beawake代wake/wake up 6、begone代lose，die，sell,leave7、beopen代open 8、be closed代close/sh

13、ut9、bemissing(gone,lost)代losec）用“be副詞”代終止性動詞1“beon”代start， begin2“beup”代get up3“beback（to）”代return to， come back to, go back to4“be here (there)”代come（arrive， reach, get) here或go (arrive， reach, get） there等等d）用“be介詞短語”代終止性動詞1?！癰e in/at +地點”代替go to /come to2.用be in the army代替join the army3.“be in/at

14、+地點”代替move to常用瞬間動詞變延續(xù)性動詞表：1。 have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw。have been in sw。/at相應(yīng)的介詞2。 have come/gone back/returned have been back3。 have come/gone out have been out4。 have become have been5. have closed / opened have been close/open6. have got up have been up;7。 ha

15、ve died have been dead；8。 have left sw. have been away from sw。9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep have been asleep；10。 have finished/ended/completed have been over；11. have married have been married；12。 have started/begun to do sth。 have done sth。；13. have begun have been on14. have borrowed/bought

16、have kept/had15。 have lost havent had16. have put on have worn17。 have caught /get a cold have had a cold；18. have got to know have known19。 have/has gone to have been in20。 have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the armyhave been a member of/ have been in/have been the Partys member/th

17、e league member/the soldier現(xiàn)在完成時練習(xí)(一）A）選用have， has填空:1.I _ told him the news。2.She _ come back from school.3.You _ won the game.B)按要求改寫下列各句：4.They have bought a computer.(改成否定句)_5.He has lost his book.（先改成一般疑問句,再作肯定與否定回答）_C）單項選擇6. -Where have you _, Kate?-Ive _ to the bank.A. gone, goneB. been， been

18、C。 gone, beenD。 been， gone7。 Her grandfather _ for two years。A. diedB. has diedC。 has been deadD。 has been died8。 Its six weeks _ I met you last.A。 whenB。 sinceC。 beforeD。 for9。 Tom and Jack have arrived at West Hill Farm already。A。 have gotB. have gone toC. have been toD. have reached現(xiàn)在完成時練習(xí)(二）一、 單

19、項選擇。1、Both his parentslook sad。 Maybe they _whats happened to him .（呼和浩特）。 knew 。 have known . must know 。will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai ， has he ?。 already .never .ever 。 Still3、HaveyoumetMr Li _？。 just . ago .before . a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new bookin the past two years 。 is w

20、riting .was writing 。wrote 。has written5、Our country _ a lotso far。-Yes 。 I hope it will beeven_ .。 has changed ； well 。 changed ; good。 has changed ; better 。 changed ; better6、Zhao Lan _already _in this schoolfor two years 。 was ； studying . will ; study. has ; studied 。 are ； studying7、We _ Xiao

21、Li since she was a little girl 。 know . had known 。 have known 。 Knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film 。I_ ittwice。. will see 。 have seen . saw 。see9、These farmers have been to the United States 。 Really ? When _ there ?. will they go . did they go。 do they go 。 have they gone10、_ you _ your homewo

22、rkyet？ Yes . I _ ita moment ago. Did ； do ； finished 。 Have ; done ; finished. Have ; done ; have finished . will ； do ； finish11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 。 joined . has joined . was in . has been in12、-Do you know him well ？- Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . have been 。 hav

23、e become 。 have made13、How longhave you _ here ?About two months .。 been . gone 。 come 。 Arrived14、Hurry up！ The play _for ten minutes. has begun . had begun。 has been on . Began15、 It _ ten years since he left the army 。 is 。 has 。 will . Was16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library .

24、has gone 。 went .will go . has been17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . have been in 。 have been to. have gone to 。 have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom， ?A. so they B。 dont they C. have they D。 havent they19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China？A。 How so

25、on, comes B。 How often, gotC. How long， came D. How far, arrived20、 His uncle_for more than 9 years.A。 has come here B。 has started to workC. has lived there D。 has left the university二、 句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1、He has never surfed， ?(改成反意疑問句)2、They have been heresince 2000。（對劃線部分提問)_they been here?3、The old man _las

26、t year. Hefor a year. (die）（動詞填空)4、This factory opened twenty years ago。(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換）This factory _ for twenty years。5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. （同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago。6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years 。（同義句）Her mother _ the Party three years _ 。7、The Green Family moved to

27、 France two years ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)_ two years _ the Green family moved to France.8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago。 (把兩個句子合并成一個句子）_三、 漢譯英。1、 吉姆已做完作業(yè)，他現(xiàn)在有空了。2、 他昨天收到一封信.3、 我父親以前到過長城。4、 她還沒有看過那部新電影。5、 她去過上海.6、 他這些天上哪兒去了？參考答案:一、單項選擇。1、現(xiàn)在完成時主要強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，或過去發(fā)生的動作還未結(jié)束，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，重點在于對現(xiàn)在的影響.這種考查難度較大,往往無時間狀語，需要從上下文分析、推理才行.故上兩側(cè)根據(jù)上下文分析、推理，正確答案是。2、現(xiàn)在完成時常與already（已經(jīng)），just（剛剛，正好)，ever（曾經(jīng))，never（從來，也不；從不)，before（以前)，yet（仍然)等連用.故2應(yīng)選B。3、C4、現(xiàn)在完成時常與recently（近來），so far（到目前為止),in the past