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1、考研翻譯寫(xiě)作基礎(chǔ)歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】英語(yǔ)相對(duì)于漢語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)：1.邏輯性2.簡(jiǎn)潔性3.多樣性e.g.（英語(yǔ)一1995-72）How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount,reliability,and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.2歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】詞性詞性3詞性成份（主謂賓定狀補(bǔ)）成

2、份（主謂賓定狀補(bǔ)）名 詞n.主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)代 詞pron.主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)動(dòng) 詞v.謂語(yǔ)形容詞adj.定語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)副 詞adv.狀語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)介 詞prep.連 詞conj.歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞：及物不及物、實(shí)義系動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)作結(jié)果、瞬間延續(xù)介詞4謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)ing主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)ed定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)to主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)介詞詞組（介詞+名詞/v-ing）定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】連詞5并列連詞（詞、詞組、句子）and,or,nor,but,yet,so從屬連詞（主要連句子）That:thatWh-:which,who,whom,whose,when,

3、where,what,why,how,whetherOther:because,if,before,after,while,since,as,until,till,once,as soon as,unless,provided,immediately,instantly,directly,every time,the moment/minute/second/instant歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】多性多義：upset school fine performance mass toll subject bear6歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】1.SV 主謂2.SVO 主謂賓3.SVC 主系

4、表4.SVOO 主謂賓賓5.SVOC 主謂賓賓補(bǔ)五大基本句型的重要性：1.英語(yǔ)中的主干結(jié)構(gòu)2.英漢語(yǔ)基本一致7歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】e.g.1.Peter looked.2.She looks around.3.The job is finished.主謂間的關(guān)系：1.主動(dòng)：主語(yǔ)為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者2.被動(dòng)：主語(yǔ)為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的接受者8歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】主語(yǔ)屬性：名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)1.名詞2.代詞（主格）3.動(dòng)名詞（ing）4.不定式（to）5.主語(yǔ)從句 9歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】謂語(yǔ)屬性：動(dòng)詞1.主動(dòng)：不及物動(dòng)詞2.被動(dòng)：及物動(dòng)詞判斷及物不及物動(dòng)詞的誤區(qū)：根據(jù)中文意思判斷動(dòng)詞及物

5、不及物 10歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】e.g.1.I watch TV.2.The students are looking at the teacher.主謂賓間的關(guān)系（只有主動(dòng)）：1.主語(yǔ)為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者2.賓語(yǔ)為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的接受者11歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】謂語(yǔ)屬性：動(dòng)詞1.及物動(dòng)詞2.不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞賓語(yǔ)屬性：名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)1.名詞2.代詞（賓格）3.動(dòng)名詞（ing）4.不定式（to）5.賓語(yǔ)從句 12歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】e.g.1.I am excited/a college student/in the classroom/home.2.I feel happy.3

6、.Everyone stayed calm.4.Food goes bad easily in summer.13歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】系動(dòng)詞的類型：1.be動(dòng)詞2.感官動(dòng)詞 appear,look,feel,taste,smell,sound,seem3.“保持”類動(dòng)詞 keep,remain,stay,stand(firm)4.“變化”類動(dòng)詞become,go,turn,grow,get,fall(ill),come(true),run(dry)14歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】表語(yǔ)的屬性：1.形容詞2.名詞3.介詞短語(yǔ)4.副詞（表位置）5.不定式（to)6.表語(yǔ)從句15歡迎關(guān)注微

7、信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】e.g.1.He gave me some advice.2.He gave some advice to me.可帶雙賓的動(dòng)詞：“給予”類動(dòng)詞give,buy,tell,leave,lend,offer,pay,show,teach,bring,do,make,pass,sell,send,sing,write,spare16歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】e.g.1.I regard you as the best friend.2.You make me happy.3.Parents expect their children to be excellent.4.I

8、see my students doing their homework.5.I find all the housework done.6.The president appointed him the sales manager.17歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】賓補(bǔ)的形式：1.I regard you as the best friend.2.You make me happy.3.Parents expect their children to be excellent.4.I see my students doing their homework.5.I find all the

9、housework done.6.The president appointed him the sales manager.賓補(bǔ)的作用：賓補(bǔ)是對(duì)賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)可在意思上構(gòu)成“主謂”、“主謂賓”或“主系表”關(guān)系18歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】常見(jiàn)可帶賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞：make,call,name,think,elect,appoint,consider,want,wish,expect,keep,have,leave,drive,catch,stop,allow,get,find,regard,ask,remind,prefer,encourage,tell,order,like,hate

10、,help,paint,cut,mind.注意：賓補(bǔ)通常都出現(xiàn)在上述動(dòng)詞的固定搭配中。19歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】the college students in the classroom結(jié)論：1.定語(yǔ)修飾名詞2.英語(yǔ)中定語(yǔ)分前置后后置3.英語(yǔ)中簡(jiǎn)單定語(yǔ)前置，復(fù)雜定語(yǔ)后置英語(yǔ)中定語(yǔ)位置及基本形式（前二后六）：1.前置定語(yǔ)：形容詞、名詞2.后置定語(yǔ)：介詞詞組、-ing分詞詞組、-ed分詞詞組、不定式、形容詞詞組、定語(yǔ)從句20歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】the college students in the classroom教室里的大學(xué)生結(jié)論：漢語(yǔ)中只有前置定語(yǔ)21歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神

11、燈考研】什么是狀語(yǔ)（adverbial）?1.狀語(yǔ)修一般修飾動(dòng)詞2.狀語(yǔ)經(jīng)常由副詞充當(dāng)22歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】He got to the station quickly.英語(yǔ)中狀語(yǔ)的位置：1.Quickly,he got to the station.（主語(yǔ)前）2.He quickly got to the station.（動(dòng)詞前）3.He got quickly to the station.（動(dòng)詞后）4.He got to the station quickly.（賓語(yǔ)后）23歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】英語(yǔ)中狀語(yǔ)的位置：1.At a high speed,he got to

12、 the station.（主語(yǔ)前）2.He,at a high speed,got to the station.（動(dòng)詞前）3.He got,at a high speed,to the station.（動(dòng)詞后）4.He got to the station at a high speed.（賓語(yǔ)后）注意：狀語(yǔ)的四個(gè)位置對(duì)狀語(yǔ)的形式?jīng)]有限制。24歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】英語(yǔ)中狀語(yǔ)的基本形式：1.副詞2.介詞詞組3.-ing分詞詞組4.-ed分詞詞組5.不定式6.形容詞詞組7.狀語(yǔ)從句25歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】漢語(yǔ)中狀語(yǔ)的位置：He got to the station qui

13、ckly.1.他很快就到了車(chē)站。（動(dòng)詞前）2.很快，他就到了車(chē)站。（主語(yǔ)前）26歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】從句類型：1.定語(yǔ)從句2.名詞從句（主從、賓從、表從、同從）3.狀語(yǔ)從句27歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】含義：句：主謂結(jié)構(gòu)從：從屬連詞/引導(dǎo)詞從句基本結(jié)構(gòu)：引導(dǎo)詞（只能使用一個(gè)）+主謂結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)詞的作用：共同作用：連接主從句獨(dú)特作用：每種從句中各不相同2021-8-1328歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】引導(dǎo)詞的類型：that:thatwh-:which,who,whom,whose,when,where,what,why,how,whether其它從屬連詞:because,if,bef

14、ore,after,while,since,as,until,till,once,as soon as,unless,provided,immediately,instantly,directly,every time,the moment/minute/second/instant2021-8-1329歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】e.g.although he came home.that he came home.when he came home.容易引起混淆的引導(dǎo)詞：that/wh-2021-8-1330歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)：1.引導(dǎo)詞 That:that W

15、h-:which/who/whom/whose/when/where/why（注意：how/what/whether一般不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句）2.作后置定語(yǔ)31歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】基本結(jié)構(gòu)：名詞結(jié)構(gòu)/句子+引導(dǎo)詞這是我昨天買(mǎi)的那本書(shū)。This is the book that/which I bought yesterday.定語(yǔ)從句的特點(diǎn)：1、引導(dǎo)詞指代被修飾的名詞結(jié)構(gòu)，甚至句子2、引導(dǎo)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)成分，但無(wú)意義3、句子語(yǔ)意一定不完整32歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】1.Think about driving a route thats very familiar.2.Accor

16、ding to Ben-Shalar,realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happen,but not those who believe everything happens for the best.3.“It was a really bad move because thats not my passion,”says Ning,whose dilemma about the job translated,predictably,into a lack of sales.4.I never fee

17、l overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs.5.The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention.6.While producing large quantities of CO2,these computers emit a great deal of heat,so the centres need to be well air-conditioned,which uses even more energy.33歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】這是

18、我昨天買(mǎi)的那本書(shū)。This is the book that/which I bought yesterday.定從使用前提（一）：帶有動(dòng)詞的“的”字結(jié)構(gòu)我訂了一間窗戶朝南的房間。I booked a room whose window faced south.34歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】試對(duì)比：這是我昨天買(mǎi)的那本書(shū)。我訂了一間窗戶朝南的房間。注意：當(dāng)“的”結(jié)構(gòu)為完整句子時(shí)，需要注意引導(dǎo)詞的使用。一般可以通過(guò)還原的方法加以確定。還原方法：將“的”字結(jié)構(gòu)所修飾名詞帶入完整句子，確定其成份。35歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】我訂了一間窗戶朝南的房間。“的”結(jié)構(gòu)：窗戶朝南所修飾名詞：房間還原后

19、：1.房間的窗戶朝南。I booked a room whose window faced south.2.在房間里，窗戶朝南。I booked a room in which/where the window faced south.36歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】我買(mǎi)了一本書(shū)。這本書(shū)給我提供了很大的幫助。I bought a book,which gave me great help.定語(yǔ)從句使用前提（二）：相鄰句子有名詞重復(fù)時(shí)，可使用定語(yǔ)從句合并翻譯。合并方法：找出重復(fù)名詞，用相應(yīng)引導(dǎo)詞替代，進(jìn)行句子合并。37歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】他離開(kāi)了學(xué)校。這讓我大吃一驚。He left

20、the school,which surprised me greatly.注意：當(dāng)重復(fù)部分為句子時(shí)，必須使用逗號(hào)+which的定語(yǔ)從句。38歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】1.條件：引導(dǎo)詞作從句的主語(yǔ)2.方法：省略引導(dǎo)詞，改謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。3.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的三種基本形式：-ing：表主動(dòng)、正在進(jìn)行-ed：被動(dòng)、已經(jīng)完成to ：表將來(lái)、目的39歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】I bought a book,which provided great help.I bought a book providing great help.現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)I bought a book,which

21、 was written by the best novelist in the world.I bought a book written by the best novelist in the world.過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)40歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】I bought a book,which would solve all my problems in English learning.I bought a book to solve all my problems in English learning.I bought a book,which would be revis

22、ed soon.I bought a book to be revised soon.不定式作后置定語(yǔ)41歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】I bought a book,which was able to solve all my problems in English learning.I bought a book able to solve all my problems in English learning.形容詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)42歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】1.Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in

23、science being to some extent self-accelerating.2.To deliver results to its users quickly,then,Google has to maintain vast data centres round the world,packed with powerful computers.3.One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable,but the courage to fight it

24、 renders life worth living4.There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.43歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】我找到了導(dǎo)致這場(chǎng)意外的原因。這座房子就是他出生的地方。我參加過(guò)無(wú)數(shù)考試，幾乎沒(méi)有不及格過(guò)。他獲得了比賽的一等獎(jiǎng)。我感到十分高興

25、。44歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】名詞從句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：1.引導(dǎo)詞That:thatWh-:which(ever),who(ever),whom(ever),what(ever),whose,how(ever),when(ever),where(ever),why,whether其他：because/as if/as though（表從）,if（賓從）2.充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)45歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】1.That he cheated in the exam will be eventually discovered.2.You dont know which I bought

26、 yesterday.3.My question is how I can further my study in this university.4.No one can deny the fact that I am Chinese.名詞從句的特點(diǎn)：1、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)意均完整2、引導(dǎo)詞無(wú)指代3、that無(wú)意義、不充當(dāng)成分；wh-有意義、充當(dāng)成分46歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】基本結(jié)構(gòu)：引導(dǎo)詞+主謂結(jié)構(gòu)+謂語(yǔ)1.That he cheated in the exam will be eventually discovered.2.It is obvious that he cheated i

27、n the exam.注意：1.帶有正常主語(yǔ)從句的句子一般呈現(xiàn)出“一主兩謂”的結(jié)構(gòu)。2.形式主語(yǔ)只能代替主從、不定式和動(dòng)名詞（動(dòng)詞ing），不能代替名詞和代詞47歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】1.How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount,reliability,and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.2

28、.Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.3.Furthermore it is obvious that the strength of a countrys economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agricu

29、lture and industry,and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.4.It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience,but this effect is not a part of its original motive.48歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神

30、燈考研】我們什么時(shí)候能成功取決于我們自身的努力。When we can succeed depends on our own efforts.主語(yǔ)從句使用的前提（一）：句子充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)翻譯方法：名詞從句可以基本按照語(yǔ)序翻譯，但引導(dǎo)詞要置于句首。49歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】我們最終取得了成功依靠的是我們自身的努力。That we finally succeeded depended on our own efforts.試對(duì)比：我們什么時(shí)候能成功取決于我們自身的努力。我們最終取得了成功依靠的是我們自身的努力。注意：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)從句為陳述句句意時(shí)，必須在句首加上引導(dǎo)詞that。50歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【

31、神燈考研】他離開(kāi)了學(xué)校。這讓我大吃一驚。That he left the school surprised me greatly.主語(yǔ)從句使用的前提（二）：前句為后句的主語(yǔ)翻譯方法：用前句代替后句的主語(yǔ)。51歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】我們什么時(shí)候能成功還是一個(gè)未知數(shù)。When we can succeed is still unknown/a mystery.It is still unknown/a mystery when we can succeed.形式主語(yǔ)使用的常見(jiàn)形式：1.It is adj.that/wh-.2.It is n.that/wh.3.It is-ed that.

32、It is said that we succeeded.52歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】It is 觀點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞-ed that.的變形：1.變動(dòng)詞It is said/reported/predicted/estimated/supposed/believed/thought/assumed that.It is widely believed that.It is universally believed that.2.加情態(tài)動(dòng)詞It may/can/should/must be said/admitted that.It cant be denied that.53歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神

33、燈考研】中國(guó)贏得2010年世博會(huì)舉辦權(quán)，靠的是國(guó)際社會(huì)的支持。中國(guó)堅(jiān)持和平發(fā)展是基于中國(guó)國(guó)情的必然選擇。54歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】基本結(jié)構(gòu)：1.及物動(dòng)詞+引導(dǎo)詞+主謂2.介 詞+引導(dǎo)詞+主謂You dont know which I bought yesterday.I know that you are right.I am listening to what you are saying.Most students regard it as a great success that they can study in a good university.注意：1.及物動(dòng)詞后的賓從可以由that和wh-引導(dǎo)，但介詞后面的賓從只能由wh-詞引導(dǎo)。2.形式賓語(yǔ)只能代替主從、不定式和動(dòng)名詞（動(dòng)詞ing），不能代替名詞和代詞55歡迎關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)【神燈考研】1.Some philosop