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1、考研翻譯寫作基礎(chǔ)英語相對(duì)于漢語的特點(diǎn)：1.邏輯性2.簡(jiǎn)潔性3.多樣性e.g.（英語一1995-72）How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount,reliability,and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.2詞性詞性3詞性詞性成份（主謂賓定狀補(bǔ)）成份（主謂賓定狀補(bǔ)）名 詞n.主語賓語定語補(bǔ)語代 詞pro

2、n.主語賓語定語補(bǔ)語動(dòng) 詞v.謂語形容詞adj.定語補(bǔ)語副 詞adv.狀語補(bǔ)語介 詞prep.連 詞conj.動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞：及物不及物、實(shí)義系動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)作結(jié)果、瞬間延續(xù)介詞4謂語動(dòng)詞謂語非謂語ing主語賓語定語狀語補(bǔ)語非謂語ed定語狀語補(bǔ)語非謂語to主語賓語定語狀語補(bǔ)語介詞詞組（介詞+名詞/v-ing）定語狀語補(bǔ)語連詞5并列連詞（詞、詞組、句子）and,or,nor,but,yet,so從屬連詞（主要連句子）That:thatWh-:which,who,whom,whose,when,where,what,why,how,whetherOther:because,if,before,after,wh

3、ile,since,as,until,till,once,as soon as,unless,provided,immediately,instantly,directly,every time,the moment/minute/second/instant多性多義：upset school fine performance mass toll subject bear61.SV 主謂2.SVO 主謂賓3.SVC 主系表4.SVOO 主謂賓賓5.SVOC 主謂賓賓補(bǔ)五大基本句型的重要性：1.英語中的主干結(jié)構(gòu)2.英漢語基本一致7e.g.1.Peter looked.2.She looks ar

4、ound.3.The job is finished.主謂間的關(guān)系：1.主動(dòng)：主語為謂語動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者2.被動(dòng)：主語為謂語動(dòng)作的接受者8主語屬性：名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)1.名詞2.代詞（主格）3.動(dòng)名詞（ing）4.不定式（to）5.主語從句 9謂語屬性：動(dòng)詞1.主動(dòng)：不及物動(dòng)詞2.被動(dòng)：及物動(dòng)詞判斷及物不及物動(dòng)詞的誤區(qū)：根據(jù)中文意思判斷動(dòng)詞及物不及物 10e.g.1.I watch TV.2.The students are looking at the teacher.主謂賓間的關(guān)系（只有主動(dòng)）：1.主語為謂語動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者2.賓語為謂語動(dòng)作的接受者11謂語屬性：動(dòng)詞1.及物動(dòng)詞2.不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞賓語屬

5、性：名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)1.名詞2.代詞（賓格）3.動(dòng)名詞（ing）4.不定式（to）5.賓語從句 12e.g.1.I am excited/a college student/in the classroom/home.2.I feel happy.3.Everyone stayed calm.4.Food goes bad easily in summer.13系動(dòng)詞的類型：1.be動(dòng)詞2.感官動(dòng)詞 appear,look,feel,taste,smell,sound,seem3.“保持”類動(dòng)詞 keep,remain,stay,stand(firm)4.“變化”類動(dòng)詞become,go,turn,

6、grow,get,fall(ill),come(true),run(dry)14表語的屬性：1.形容詞2.名詞3.介詞短語4.副詞（表位置）5.不定式（to)6.表語從句15e.g.1.He gave me some advice.2.He gave some advice to me.可帶雙賓的動(dòng)詞：“給予”類動(dòng)詞give,buy,tell,leave,lend,offer,pay,show,teach,bring,do,make,pass,sell,send,sing,write,spare16e.g.1.I regard you as the best friend.2.You make

7、 me happy.3.Parents expect their children to be excellent.4.I see my students doing their homework.5.I find all the housework done.6.The president appointed him the sales manager.17賓補(bǔ)的形式：1.I regard you as the best friend.2.You make me happy.3.Parents expect their children to be excellent.4.I see my

8、students doing their homework.5.I find all the housework done.6.The president appointed him the sales manager.賓補(bǔ)的作用：賓補(bǔ)是對(duì)賓語的補(bǔ)充說明賓語+賓補(bǔ)可在意思上構(gòu)成“主謂”、“主謂賓”或“主系表”關(guān)系18常見可帶賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞：make,call,name,think,elect,appoint,consider,want,wish,expect,keep,have,leave,drive,catch,stop,allow,get,find,regard,ask,remind,prefe

9、r,encourage,tell,order,like,hate,help,paint,cut,mind.注意：賓補(bǔ)通常都出現(xiàn)在上述動(dòng)詞的固定搭配中。19the college students in the classroom結(jié)論：1.定語修飾名詞2.英語中定語分前置后后置3.英語中簡(jiǎn)單定語前置，復(fù)雜定語后置英語中定語位置及基本形式（前二后六）：1.前置定語：形容詞、名詞2.后置定語：介詞詞組、-ing分詞詞組、-ed分詞詞組、不定式、形容詞詞組、定語從句20the college students in the classroom教室里的大學(xué)生結(jié)論：漢語中只有前置定語21什么是狀語（adv

10、erbial）?1.狀語一般修飾動(dòng)詞2.狀語經(jīng)常由副詞充當(dāng)22He got to the station quickly.英語中狀語的位置：1.Quickly,he got to the station.（主語前）2.He quickly got to the station.（動(dòng)詞前）3.He got quickly to the station.（動(dòng)詞后）4.He got to the station quickly.（賓語后）23英語中狀語的位置：1.At a high speed,he got to the station.（主語前）2.He,at a high speed,got t

11、o the station.（動(dòng)詞前）3.He got,at a high speed,to the station.（動(dòng)詞后）4.He got to the station at a high speed.（賓語后）注意：狀語的四個(gè)位置對(duì)狀語的形式?jīng)]有限制。24英語中狀語的基本形式：1.副詞2.介詞詞組3.-ing分詞詞組4.-ed分詞詞組5.不定式6.形容詞詞組7.狀語從句25漢語中狀語的位置：He got to the station quickly.1.他很快就到了車站。（動(dòng)詞前）2.很快，他就到了車站。（主語前）26從句類型：1.定語從句2.名詞從句（主從、賓從、表從、同從）3.狀語

12、從句27含義：含義：句：主謂結(jié)構(gòu)從：從屬連詞/引導(dǎo)詞從句基本結(jié)構(gòu)：從句基本結(jié)構(gòu)：引導(dǎo)詞（只能使用一個(gè)）+主謂結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)詞的作用：引導(dǎo)詞的作用：共同作用：連接主從句獨(dú)特作用：每種從句中各不相同2021-10-1628引導(dǎo)詞的類型：that:thatwh-:which,who,whom,whose,when,where,what,why,how,whether其它從屬連詞:because,if,before,after,while,since,as,until,till,once,as soon as,unless,provided,immediately,instantly,directly,ev

13、ery time,the moment/minute/second/instant2021-10-1629e.g.although he came home.that he came home.when he came home.容易引起混淆的引導(dǎo)詞：that/wh-2021-10-1630定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)：1.引導(dǎo)詞 That:that Wh-:which/who/whom/whose/when/where/why（注意：how/what/whether一般不能引導(dǎo)定語從句）2.作后置定語31基本結(jié)構(gòu)：名詞結(jié)構(gòu)/句子+引導(dǎo)詞這是我昨天買的那本書。This is the book that/wh

14、ich I bought yesterday.定語從句的特點(diǎn)：1、引導(dǎo)詞指代被修飾的名詞結(jié)構(gòu)，甚至句子2、引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)成分，但無意義3、句子語意一定不完整321.Think about driving a route thats very familiar.2.According to Ben-Shalar,realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happen,but not those who believe everything happens for the best.3.“It was a

15、really bad move because thats not my passion,”says Ning,whose dilemma about the job translated,predictably,into a lack of sales.4.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs.5.The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention.6.While producing large quantities of

16、 CO2,these computers emit a great deal of heat,so the centres need to be well air-conditioned,which uses even more energy.33這是我昨天買的那本書。This is the book that/which I bought yesterday.定從使用前提（一）：帶有動(dòng)詞的“的”字結(jié)構(gòu)我訂了一間窗戶朝南的房間。I booked a room whose window faced south.34試對(duì)比：這是我昨天買的那本書。我訂了一間窗戶朝南的房間。注意：當(dāng)“的”結(jié)構(gòu)為完整句子時(shí)，需要注意引導(dǎo)詞的使用。一般可以通過還原的方法加以確定。還原方法：將“的”字結(jié)構(gòu)所修飾名詞帶入完整句子，確定其成份。35我訂了一間窗戶朝南的房間?！暗摹苯Y(jié)構(gòu)：窗戶朝南所修飾名詞：房間還原后：1.房間的窗戶朝南。I booked a room whose window faced south.2.在房間里，窗戶朝南。I booked a room in which/where the windo