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1、PEC 土木工程英語證書考試 常用橋梁詞匯 下部結(jié)構(gòu) substructure 橋墩 pier 墩身 pier body 墩帽 pier cap pier coping 臺(tái)帽 abutment cap abutment coping 蓋梁 bent cap 又稱 帽梁 重力式 橋 墩 gravity pier 實(shí)體 橋 墩 solid pier 空心 橋 墩 hollow pier 柱式 橋 墩 column pier shaft pier 單柱式 橋 墩 single columned pier single shaft pier 雙柱式 橋 墩 two columned pier two

2、shaft pier 排架樁墩 pile bent pier 丫形 橋 墩 Y shaped pier 柔性墩 flexible pier 制動(dòng)墩 braking pier abutment pier 單向推力墩 single direction thrusted pier 抗撞墩 anti collision pier 錨墩 anchor pier 輔助墩 auxiliary pier 破冰體 ice apron 防震擋塊 anti knock block restrain block 橋臺(tái) abutment 臺(tái)身 abutment body 前墻 front wall 又稱 胸墻 翼墻 w

3、ing wall 又稱 耳墻 U 形橋臺(tái) U abutment 八字形橋臺(tái) flare wing walled abutment 一字形橋臺(tái) head wall abutment T 形橋臺(tái) T abutment 箱形橋臺(tái) box type abutment 拱形橋臺(tái) arched abutment 重力式橋臺(tái) gravity abutment 埋置式橋臺(tái) buried abutment 扶壁式橋臺(tái) counterfort abutment buttressed abutment 衡重式橋臺(tái) weight balanced abutment 錨碇板式橋臺(tái) anchored bulkhead a

4、butment 支撐式橋臺(tái) supported type abutment 又稱 輕型橋臺(tái) 組合式橋臺(tái) composite abutment 橋 臺(tái)后回填 back filling behind abutment 橋梁基礎(chǔ) bridge foundation 淺基礎(chǔ) shallow foundation 深基礎(chǔ) deep foundation 明挖基礎(chǔ) open cut foundation 擴(kuò)大基礎(chǔ) spread foundation 沉井基礎(chǔ) open caisson foundation 沉井刃腳 caisson cutting edge 氣壓沉箱基礎(chǔ) pneumatic caisson

5、 foundation 管柱基礎(chǔ) colonnade foundation 雙壁鋼圍堰鉆孔樁基礎(chǔ) double walled steel cofferdam and bored pile foundation 墩式基礎(chǔ) pier foundation 樁基礎(chǔ) pile foundation 排架樁基礎(chǔ) pile bent foundation 高承臺(tái)樁基礎(chǔ) high rise platform pile foundation 樁 pile 單樁 individual pile single pile 群樁 pile group 又稱 樁群 斜樁 battered pile raked pile

6、 錨樁 anchor pile 主樁 key pile 預(yù)制樁 precast pile 鋼筋 混凝土樁 concrete pile 預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土樁 prestressed concrete pile 木樁 timber pile 鋼樁 steel pile 鋼管樁 steel pipe pile 混凝土管樁 concrete pipe pile 鉆孔樁 bored pile 就地灌注樁 cast in situ pile 沉管灌注樁 tube sinking cast in situ pile 板樁 sheet pile 微型樁 mini pile 又稱 小型樁 擴(kuò)底樁 under ream

7、ed pile 支擋樁 soldier pile 抗滑樁 anti slide pile 排土樁 displacement pile 非排土樁 non displacement pile 摩擦樁 friction pile 支承樁 bearing pile 嵌巖樁 socketed pile 挖孔樁 cast in situ pile by excavation 打入樁 driven pile 承臺(tái) bearing platform pile cap 灌漿截水墻 grouted cut off wall 灌漿帷幕 grouted curtain 地下連續(xù)墻 continuous slurry

8、wall diaphragm wall 支座 bearing 固定支座 fixed bearing 活動(dòng)支座 expansion bearing movable bearing 合成橡膠支座 elastomeric pad bearing 板式橡膠支座 laminated rubber bearing 盆式橡膠支座 pot rubber bearing 聚四氟乙烯支座 polytetrafluoroethylene bearing PTFE bearing 鉛橡膠支座 lead rubber bearing 滾軸支座 roller bearing 擺式支座 rocker bearing 平板支

9、座 plate bearing 球形支座 spherical bearing 墊塊支座 pad bearing 活動(dòng)伸縮縫支座 sliding expansion bearing 伸縮滾軸 expansion roller 拉壓支座 tension compression bearing 鉸式支座 knuckle bearing 橋梁設(shè)計(jì) bridge design 橋梁方案設(shè)計(jì) bridge conceptual design 橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) bridge structure design 橋梁細(xì)部設(shè)計(jì) bridge detail design 荷載 load 實(shí)用荷載 service loa

10、d 施工荷載 construction load 開裂荷載 cracking load 疲勞荷載 fatigue load 容許荷載 allowable load 破壞荷載 failure load 橋梁試運(yùn)行荷載 test run loading for bridge 靜載 static load 動(dòng)載 dynamic load 活載 live load 恒載 dead load 永久荷載 permanent load 可變荷載 variable load 偶然荷載 accidental load 非常荷載 abnormal load 環(huán)境荷載 environmental load 均布荷載

11、 uniform load distributed load 等代均布荷載 equivalent uniform distributed load 集中荷載 concentrated load 車道荷載 lane load 人群荷載 pedestrian load 風(fēng)荷載 wind load 地震荷載 earthquake load seismic force 又稱 地震力 離心力 centrifugal force 沖擊力 impact force 制動(dòng)力 braking force 船舶撞擊力 ship collision force 土壓力 earth pressure 冰壓力 ice

12、pressure 流水壓力 flowing water pressure 浮力 buoyancy 下拉荷載 downdrag negative friction of pile 又稱 樁負(fù)摩擦力 拱推力 arch thrust 基礎(chǔ)隆脹力 heave force of foundation 臨界壓曲荷載 critical buckling load 屈服破壞荷載 failure load by buckling 荷載組合 loading combinations 荷載效應(yīng) load effect 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)車輛荷載 standard truck loading 橋梁容許應(yīng)力設(shè)計(jì) allowable

13、stress design of bridge 橋梁極限狀態(tài)設(shè)計(jì) limit state design of bridge 橋梁承載能力極限狀態(tài) ultimate limit state of bridge carrying capacity 橋梁使用能力極限狀態(tài) serviceability limit state of bridge 橋梁荷載系數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)法 load factor design method of bridge 橋梁概率極限狀態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)法 probabilistic limit state design method of bridge 橋梁優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì) optimum design

14、of bridge 橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)可靠度 reliability of bridge structure 可靠度基準(zhǔn)期 reliability datum period 地震危險(xiǎn)性分析 seismic risk analysis 橋梁抗震設(shè)計(jì) aseismatic design of bridge 橋梁抗震穩(wěn)定性 aseismatic stability of bridge 地震基本烈度 basic earthquake intensity 設(shè)計(jì)烈度 design intensity of earthquake 地震震級(jí) earthquake magnitude 地震加速度 seismic acce

15、leration 疲勞設(shè)計(jì) fatigue design 橋頭回填設(shè)計(jì) bridge end backfilling design 橋梁平面結(jié)構(gòu) plane structure for bridge 橋梁空間結(jié)構(gòu) space structure for bridge 靜定橋梁結(jié)構(gòu) statically determinate bridge structure 超靜定橋梁結(jié)構(gòu) statically indeterminate bridge structure 結(jié)構(gòu)體系轉(zhuǎn)換 structure system transform 結(jié)構(gòu)完整性 structural integrity 安全系數(shù) saf

16、ety factor 沖擊系數(shù) impact factor 又稱 動(dòng)力系數(shù) 荷載系數(shù) load factor 膨脹系數(shù) coefficient of expansion 構(gòu)件 member element 又稱 桿件 節(jié)間 panel 梁腹 web 又稱 腹板 翼緣 flange 又稱 法蘭 加勁桿 stiffener 又稱 加勁肋 加勁梁 stiffening girder 加勁腋 haunch 又稱 梁腋 托架 bracket 俗稱 牛腿 結(jié)點(diǎn)板 gusset plate 又稱 節(jié)點(diǎn)板 剪力鍵 shear key 橫系桿 lateral bracing 風(fēng)嘴 wind fairing 伸縮

17、板 expansion plate 應(yīng)力集中 stress concentration 應(yīng)力腐蝕 stress corrosion 熱應(yīng)力 thermal stress 又稱 溫差應(yīng)力 支撐應(yīng)力 bearing stress 組合應(yīng)力 combined stress 容許應(yīng)力 allowable stress 又稱 許用應(yīng)力 極限應(yīng)力 ultimate stress 穩(wěn)定性 stability 剛度 rigidity stiffness 位移 displacement 撓度 deflection 力矩 moment bending moment 又稱 彎矩 剪力 shear 雙力矩 bi mo

18、ment 力矩分配法 moment distribution method 又稱 彎矩分配法 力矩包絡(luò)線 moment envelope 剪力分布 shear distribution 剪力滯后 shear lag 又稱 剪滯 影響線 influence line 影響面積 influence area 壓曲 buckling 又稱 壓屈 扭曲 distortion 又稱 畸變 翹曲 warp 顫振 flutter 馳振 galloping 抖振 buffeting 又稱 擊振 渦流效應(yīng) vortex shedding effect 風(fēng)致擺動(dòng) wind induced oscillation

19、撓度橫向分布 transverse distribution of deflection 荷載橫向分布 transverse distribution of load 杠桿原理法 lever principle method 偏心受壓法 eccentric compression method 剛性橫梁法 rigid cross beam method 鉸接梁法 hinge connected beam method 剛接梁法 rigid connected beam method 彈性梁支承法 elastic supported beam method 準(zhǔn)正交各向異性板法 quasi ort

20、hotropic slab method G M 法 Guyon Massonet method 抗風(fēng)穩(wěn)定性 wind resisting stability 空氣動(dòng)力穩(wěn)定性 aerodynamic stability 風(fēng)壓分布圖 wind pressure distribution graph 臨界風(fēng)速 critical wind speed 溫度梯度 thermal gradient 溫差 temperature difference 年均溫差 annual mean temperature difference 連拱作用 continuous arch effect 土 結(jié)構(gòu)共同作用 s

21、oil structure interaction 橋梁承載能力 load carrying capacity of bridge 橋梁耐久性 bridge durability 地基承載力 bearing capacity of subsoil 單樁承載力 bearing capacity of pile 抗裂性 crack resistance 裂縫控制 crack control 裂縫寬度限值 limit of crack opening 裂縫分布圖 crack pattern 疲勞限度 fatigue limit 磨損限值 wear allowance 又稱 容許磨耗 使用狀態(tài)撓度限值

22、 deflection limit for serviceability 結(jié)構(gòu)延展性 structure ductility 橋梁破損 bridge failure 橋梁破壞 bridge collapse 毀滅性破壞 catastrophic collapse 鋼筋銹蝕 steel bar corrosion 橋梁計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì) computer aided design for bridge CAD for bridge 格構(gòu)比擬 grillage analogy 預(yù)應(yīng)力度 degree of prestressing 全預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土 fully prestressed concrete

23、部分預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土 partially prestressed concrete 有限預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土 limited prestressed concrete A 類部分預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土 type A partially prestressed concrete B 類部分預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土 type B partially prestressed concrete 體內(nèi)預(yù)應(yīng)力 prestressing with bond 體外預(yù)應(yīng)力 external prestressing 預(yù)彎法預(yù)應(yīng)力 prestressing without tendon by pre bending 復(fù)傳力法預(yù)應(yīng)力 prestre

24、ssing by subsequent bond 壓拉雙作用預(yù)應(yīng)力 prestressing with subsequent compression and tension 后張自錨法預(yù)應(yīng)力 self anchored post tensioning prestressing 雙向預(yù)應(yīng)力 two dimension prestressing 三向預(yù)應(yīng)力 three dimension prestressing 非預(yù)應(yīng)力鋼筋 non prestressed reinforcement 粘結(jié)的預(yù)應(yīng)力筋 bonded tendon 消除粘結(jié)的預(yù)應(yīng)力筋 debonded tendon 無粘結(jié)的預(yù)應(yīng)力筋

25、 non bonded tendon 預(yù)應(yīng)力損失 loss of prestress 管道摩擦損失 loss due to duct friction 錨具變形損失 loss due to anchorage deformation 錨具溫差損失 loss due to anchorage temperature difference 混凝土收縮損失 loss due to concrete shrinkage 混凝土彈性壓縮損失 loss due to elastic compression of concrete 混凝土徐變損失 creep loss of concrete 鋼筋預(yù)應(yīng)力松弛

26、損失 loss due to tendon relaxation 桿件縮短損失 loss due to concrete member shortening 桿件彎曲損失 loss due to bending of concrete member 錨具 anchorage 又稱 工作錨具 夾具 clamper 又稱 工具錨具 錐形錨具 cone anchorage Freyssinet cone anchorage 又稱 弗氏錨 夾片式錨具 strand tapered anchorage VSL 錨具 VSL anchorage 瑞士 VSL 廠生產(chǎn)的國際通用夾片錨具 YM 錨具 Y ty

27、ped anchorage post tensioning strand group anchorage 公路規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)院與新津筑路機(jī)械廠研制的 Y 型錐形三夾片式群錨 XM 錨具 X typed anchorage X 型三夾片式群錨 OVM 錨具 oriental cone anchorage 東方 orient 公司與郴州廠研制的錐形二夾片式錨具 J M 1 2 型錨具 J M 12 anchorage 鐓頭錨 bulb end anchorage BBRV anchorage 又稱 B B R V 錨 精軋螺紋錨 thread bar anchorage Dywidag anchorag

28、e system 又稱 迪維達(dá)格錨固系統(tǒng) 連接器 coupler 錨固區(qū) anchorage zone 橫向承載樁地基系數(shù)法 subsoil reaction modulus method for laterally loaded pile 樁基 m 值法 subsoil reaction modulus m method for laterally loaded pile 樁基 c 值法 subsoil reaction modulus c method for laterally loaded pile p y 曲線法 p y curve method 應(yīng)力波方程法 stress wave

29、 equation method 基底應(yīng)力擴(kuò)散 stress dispersal beneath footing 基礎(chǔ)沉降 foundation settlement 沉降差 differential settlement 橋梁施工 bridge construction 纜索吊裝法 erection with cableway 又稱 無支架吊裝法 懸臂拼裝法 cantilever erection method 平衡懸拼法 precast balancing cantilever method 懸臂澆筑法 cast in place cantilever method 平衡懸澆法 cast in place balancing cantilever method 逐跨施工法 span by span construction method 膺架式架設(shè)法 erection with scaffolding method 膺架澆筑法 cast on scaffolding method cast in place method 又稱 就地澆筑法 頂推法 incremental launching method