Unit 10Ive had this bike for three years.1Do you know?234567891aLookatthethingsattheyardsale.Doyouhaveanyofthesethingsathome?Howlonghaveyouhadthem?LanguageGoal:Talkaboutpossessionsandthingsaroundyou.101bListenandcheck()thefactsyouhear._Jeffsfamilyishavingayardsale._Amythinksitshardtosellheroldthings._ Jeffhashadhisbikeformorethan10years._Amywantstokeepheroldthingsbecausetheybringbacksweetmemories._Youcanalsogiveoldthingsawaytopeopleinneed.11Amy：Youhavesomegreatthingsatthisyardsale,Jeff.Jeff：Thanks,Amy.Ourfamilyhascollectedsomanythingsovertheyears,butwedontusethemanymore.Amy:Butisntithardtosellsomeofyourthings?TherearemanythingsIvehadsinceIwasachild.IdontthinkIcouldsellthem.Jeff:Yes,itshardtosaygoodbyetocertainthings.Amy:Bytheway,howlonghaveyouhadthatbikeoverthere?Tapescripts12Jeff:Ivehaditforthreeyears!Ilearnedhowtorideabikeonit.Amy:Oldthingsreallybringbacksweetmemories.Butitstruethatwemayneverusesomeofthesethingsagain.Jeff:Yes,likeoldtoysorbooksyouvealreadyread.Youcansellthose,oryoucanalsogivethemawaytokidsorpeoplewhoneedthem.Amy:Oh!Howmuchisthisbook?Jeff：Youcanhaveitfor75cents.131cPracticetheconversation.Thenmakeconversationsaboutotherthingsinthepictureabove.A:Thisisareallyoldbook.B:Yes,Ivehaditforsevenyears.Ivereaditthreetimes.A:Whyareyousellingit?B:BecauseIdontreaditanymore.A:Howmuchisit?B:Youcanhaveitfor75cents.142aListenandcheck()thethingsAmysfamilyaregivingawayandcirclethethingstheyarekeeping.bookmagazinetoybeartoyliontoytigerbreadmakersweaterdresshatscarf 152bListenagainandfillintheblanks.1.Amyhashadherfavorite_for2.threeyears.2.Amyhashadthetoy_sinceshewasa_.3.Amysmomhashadtheoldbreadmakerformorethan_years,4.Amycangiveawaythe_and_becausetheydonotfitheranymore.bookbearababytensweaterdress16Mom:Letslookthroughthisboxofoldthingsanddecidewhattogiveaway.Amy：IthinkIwanttokeepthisbook.Ivehaditforthreeyears.EventhoughIvealreadyreadittwice,itsstillmyfavoritebook.Butwecangiveawaythemagazine.Mom:Whataboutthesesofttoys?Amy:IwanttokeepthebearbecauseIvehaditsinceIwasababy.IthasspecialmeaningtomebecauseGrandmagaveittome.Tapescripts17Illgiveawaythelionandtiger.Mom:OK.Andthisoldbreadmakerofminecango,too.Ivehaditformorethan10years.AuntTaylorboughtanewoneformelastweek.Amy:Thatsgreat.Wecanstillhavehomemadebread.AndIcangiveawaythissweateranddress,too.Theydontfitmeanymore.ButIwanttokeepthehatandscarfforiceskating.Mom:Great.Youcantakethesethingstothechildrenshometomorrowthen.18A:Amy,canwegiveawaythesesofttoys?B:Mom,Iwanttokeepthebear.A:Why?Itssoold.B:BecauseIvehaditsinceIwasababy.2cStudentAisAmysmom.StudentBisAmy.Makeconversations.192dRole-playtheconversation.Linda:WelcometotheSunshineHomeforChildren.ImLinda.Amy:Hi,ImAmy.Ihavesomethingsforthekids.Ivehadthismagazineforacoupleofmonths.Thestoriesinsidemaybeabitold,buttheyrestillinteresting.Linda:Great!Manychildrenherelovereading.20Amy:Andcheckoutthesesofttoysandboardgamesforyoungerkids.IvehadthemsinceIwasachild.Theresalsoasweaterandadress.Linda:Perfect!Wealwaysneedtoysandclothes.Amy:Onelastthingisabreadmaker.Mymomshaditforalongtimebutitstillworks.Linda:Thankssomuch!213aReadthearticlewrittenbyafatherforanewspaper.Whatishisfamilygoingtosellattheyardsale?Mychildrenaregrowingupfast.Mydaughteris16andmyboyisalreadyinjuniorhighschool.Astheygetbiggerourhouseseemstogetsmaller.Sowewanttosellsomeofourthingsinayardsaleandgivethemoneytoachildrenshome.22Wehavealreadyclearedoutalotofthingsfromourbedrooms.Wehavedecidedtoeachsellfivethingsthatwenolongeruse.Mysonwasquitesadatfirst.Althoughhehasnotplayedwithhisoldtoysforalongtime,hestillwantedtokeepthem.Forexample,hehasownedatrainandrailwaysetsincehisfourthbirthday,andheplayedwithitalmosteveryweekuntilhewasaboutseven.Andhedidnotwanttolosehistoymonkey,either.23Hesleptnexttothemonkeyeverynightwhenhewasachild.Mydaughterwasmoreunderstanding,althoughshealsofeltsadtopartwithcertaintoys.Asforme,Ididnotwanttogiveupmyfootballshirts,but,tobehonest,Ihavenotplayedforawhilenow.Iamgettingolder,too!243bReadthearticleagainandanswerthequestions.1.Whydidtheydecidetohaveayardsale?2.Whatdotheywanttodowiththemoneyfromthesale?3.Whydoesthesonwanttokeephistrainandrailwayset?4.Howcantheoldtoysbeusefulagain?5.Haveyoueverthoughtabouthavingayardsaletosellyourthings?Whatwouldyoudowiththemoneyyouraise?251.Whydidtheydecidetohaveayardsale?2.Whatdotheywanttodowiththemoneyfromthesale?3.Whydoesthesonwanttokeephistrainandrailwayset?Astheirchildrengetbiggertheirhouseseemstogetsmaller.Theywanttogavethemoneytoachildrenshome.Becausehehasownedthetrainandrailwaysetsincehisfourthbirthday,andheplayedwithitalmosteveryweekuntilhewasaboutseven.264.Howcantheoldtoysbeusefulagain?5.Haveyoueverthoughtabouthavingayardsaletosellyourthings?Whatwouldyoudowiththemoneyyouraise?Theycangiveawaytheoldtoystopeopleinneedorsellthemformoney.Studentsanswers.273cFindthewordsorphrasesinthearticlewhichcanbereplacedwiththeonesbelowandwritethemnexttothewords.lose_kids_truthful_many_sometime_eventhough_quickly_older_partwithchildrentobehonestalotofforawhilealthoughfastbigger281.Lookatthethingsattheyardsale.yardsale 庭院舊貨出售庭院舊貨出售這是國(guó)外的一種風(fēng)俗，也是一種獨(dú)特的售貨這是國(guó)外的一種風(fēng)俗，也是一種獨(dú)特的售貨方式。人們利用周末，將家中擱置不用的物方式。人們利用周末，將家中擱置不用的物件放在自家庭院中廉價(jià)出售，件放在自家庭院中廉價(jià)出售，因而被稱(chēng)作因而被稱(chēng)作yardsale，也可譯作，也可譯作“庭院拍賣(mài)會(huì)庭院拍賣(mài)會(huì)”。Languagepoints29庭院售賣(mài)的物品種類(lèi)繁多，應(yīng)有盡有，大到庭院售賣(mài)的物品種類(lèi)繁多，應(yīng)有盡有，大到家具、電器，小到玩具、衣物和鞋帽。家具、電器，小到玩具、衣物和鞋帽。這些這些物品雖多數(shù)為二手家什，但也有全新的物品，物品雖多數(shù)為二手家什，但也有全新的物品，且價(jià)錢(qián)合理公道，甚至還可討價(jià)還價(jià)且價(jià)錢(qián)合理公道，甚至還可討價(jià)還價(jià)正是這正是這種低廉、公道的價(jià)格及買(mǎi)家淘寶和碰大運(yùn)的種低廉、公道的價(jià)格及買(mǎi)家淘寶和碰大運(yùn)的心理，使得心理，使得yardsale廣受歡迎，逐漸廣受歡迎，逐漸演變成演變成一種獨(dú)特的文化現(xiàn)象。一種獨(dú)特的文化現(xiàn)象。30副詞副詞anymore亦可寫(xiě)作亦可寫(xiě)作anymore，常用于否定句的末尾，意思是常用于否定句的末尾，意思是“再（不）；再（不）；(不）再不）再”。notanymore相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于notanylonger，2.BecauseIdontreaditanymore.因?yàn)槲也辉倏此恕Ｒ驗(yàn)槲也辉倏此恕?1例如：例如：Youcanhaveit,forIdontneeditanymore.你可以把它拿走，因?yàn)槲也辉傩枰?。你可以把它拿走，因?yàn)槲也辉傩枰恕hedoctortoldmenottoplaycomputergamesanymore.大夫叫我別再玩電腦游戲了。大夫叫我別再玩電腦游戲了。323.BecauseIvehaditsinceIwasababy.因?yàn)槲疫€是個(gè)嬰兒的時(shí)候就擁有它了。因?yàn)槲疫€是個(gè)嬰兒的時(shí)候就擁有它了。since(自從自從）常常引導(dǎo)短語(yǔ)或從句，常常引導(dǎo)短語(yǔ)或從句，用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子中子中。since引出從句引出從句時(shí)，時(shí)，從句中一般使用過(guò)去時(shí)。從句中一般使用過(guò)去時(shí)。33再如：再如：IvehadthesesofttoyssinceIwasachild.我還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候就有這些毛絨玩具了。我還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候就有這些毛絨玩具了。Sincethatunfortunateaccidentlastweek,Ihaventbeensleepingatallwell.自從上自從上周發(fā)生了那次不幸的事故之后，我一周發(fā)生了那次不幸的事故之后，我一直睡得很不好。直睡得很不好。344.Ivehadthismagazineforacoupleofmonths.這本雜志我買(mǎi)這本雜志我買(mǎi)了幾個(gè)月了幾個(gè)月了。了。1）acoupleof有兩種意思：其一，表示有兩種意思：其一，表示具體具體的數(shù)量的數(shù)量“兩個(gè)兩個(gè)”，指兩個(gè)相同的人或物體；，指兩個(gè)相同的人或物體；其二，表示其二，表示數(shù)量不定的數(shù)量不定的“少數(shù)幾個(gè)少數(shù)幾個(gè)”，作這，作這種虛指的用法時(shí)，具體意思往往視上下文種虛指的用法時(shí)，具體意思往往視上下文和和具體的語(yǔ)境而決定。例如：具體的語(yǔ)境而決定。例如：35Youhavetowaitforacoupleofhoursfortheclothestodrycompletely.你得等上一你得等上一兩個(gè)小時(shí)讓這些衣服完全干燥。兩個(gè)小時(shí)讓這些衣服完全干燥。Look!Thereareacoupleofboyswaitingforyouatthedoor.瞧瞧!門(mén)門(mén)口有兩三個(gè)男口有兩三個(gè)男孩正在等你。孩正在等你。362）介詞介詞for也常用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子中，也常用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子中，后面引出表示時(shí)間的詞或短語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明某后面引出表示時(shí)間的詞或短語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明某種種情況已經(jīng)持續(xù)了一段時(shí)間。情況已經(jīng)持續(xù)了一段時(shí)間。再如：再如：Jeffhashadhisbikeformorethan10years.杰夫已經(jīng)擁有他的自行車(chē)超過(guò)杰夫已經(jīng)擁有他的自行車(chē)超過(guò)10年了。年了。375.Wehavedecidedtoeachsellfivethingsthatwenolongeruse.我們決定每人出我們決定每人出售五件不再使用的物品。售五件不再使用的物品。(1)此句中此句中wenolongeruse是由是由that引導(dǎo)的定引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾前面的名詞語(yǔ)從句，修飾前面的名詞fivethings。(2)句中句中nolonger的意思是的意思是“不再；不復(fù)不再；不復(fù)”，有時(shí)可用，有時(shí)可用not.anylonger或或not.anymore替換。再如：替換。再如：38Henolongerliveshere.(=Hedoesntlivehereanymore/anylonger.)他不再住這他不再住這兒了。兒了。3)each在句中對(duì)在句中對(duì)we進(jìn)行限定，表示進(jìn)行限定，表示“(兩個(gè)兩個(gè)或或兩個(gè)以上的人或物中）各自；每個(gè)兩個(gè)以上的人或物中）各自；每個(gè)”。再如：再如：MysisterandIeachhaveanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.我和姐姐各有一本英漢詞典。我和姐姐各有一本英漢詞典。39tobehonest是英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)中一個(gè)常用表達(dá)，表示是英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)中一個(gè)常用表達(dá)，表示“說(shuō)實(shí)話(huà)；老實(shí)說(shuō)說(shuō)實(shí)話(huà)；老實(shí)說(shuō)”。英語(yǔ)中類(lèi)似的英語(yǔ)中類(lèi)似的表達(dá)還有：表達(dá)還有：tobefrank,意思是意思是“坦率地說(shuō)坦率地說(shuō)”。例如：。例如：Tobehonest,Idontlikehimverymuch.老實(shí)說(shuō)，我不太喜歡他。老實(shí)說(shuō)，我不太喜歡他。Tobeperfectlyfrank,Ithinkthatsacrazyidea.坦白相告，我認(rèn)為那是個(gè)荒唐的主意。坦白相告，我認(rèn)為那是個(gè)荒唐的主意。6.but,tobehonest,Ihavenotplayedforawhilenow.但是但是,說(shuō)實(shí)在的說(shuō)實(shí)在的,現(xiàn)在我已經(jīng)有一段時(shí)間沒(méi)玩了?，F(xiàn)在我已經(jīng)有一段時(shí)間沒(méi)玩了。401.Ive already had dinner.2.He has just finished his homework.3.Mums cooked the dinner.4.Susans learned English at school.Haveyoualreadyhaddinner?Hashejustfinishedhishomework?Hasmumcookedthedinner?HasSusanlearnedEnglishatschool?一一 把下列句子改為一般疑問(wèn)句。把下列句子改為一般疑問(wèn)句。41二二 選用選用for和和since填空填空:1.Wehaventseeneachother_alongtime.2.Hisfatherhasbeeninthefactory_10yearsago.3.Thefilmhasbeenon_20minutes.4.MrGreenhasworkedhere_hecametoChina.5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead_severalyears.6.Itsfiveyears_wemetlasttimeforsinceforsinceforsince42三三動(dòng)詞填空：動(dòng)詞填空：1._you_(clean)theroom?Yes,we_(do)thatalready.When_you_(do)it?We_(do)itanhourago.2._he_(see)thisfilmyet?Yes.When_he_(see)it?He_itlastweek.3.Howmanytimes_you_(come)here?Once.HavecleanedhavedonediddodidHasseendidseesawhavecome434.I_(read)thenoveltwice.Itsinteresting.5.She_(go)toPairs,hasntshe?Yes.How_she_(go)there?She_(go)therebyair.6.Sofar,manycountries_(develop)theirsoftwareprograms.7.MrChen_(give)upsmokinglastyear.8._youever_(ride)ahorse?Never.9.He_(keep)thebooksincetwodaysago.havereadhasgonedidgowenthavedevelopedgaveHaveriddenhaskept44HomeworkHaveyoueverthoughtabouthavingayardsaletosellyourthings?Whatwouldyoudowiththemoneyyouraise?Discusswithyourclassmates.45Unit 10Ive had this bike for three years.46現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作的影響或結(jié)果，或從過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或保存的狀態(tài)?；虮４娴臓顟B(tài)。結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+have/has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞一般疑問(wèn)句：一般疑問(wèn)句：have/has?Yes,Ihave.No,Ihavent.Yes,shehas.No,shehasnt.471.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成have/has+v過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞否定否定haventhasnt疑問(wèn)疑問(wèn)Haveyou?Hashe?常與下列時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用：常與下列時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用：just,already,yet,ever,never,before,severaltimes48現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。和和already，never,ever,just,before,yet等狀語(yǔ)連等狀語(yǔ)連用。用。2.過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與常與for或或since引起的一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。引起的一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成：動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成：have/has+v過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞havebreakfastIhavejusthadmybreakfast.(現(xiàn)在我不餓現(xiàn)在我不餓)Imnothungrynowmovedherein2004IstilllivehereIhavelivedhereforthreeyears.Ihavelivedheresince2004/threeyearsago.nowpast492.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞可以表示開(kāi)始于過(guò)去持續(xù)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞可以表示開(kāi)始于過(guò)去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在到現(xiàn)在(也許還會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去也許還會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。1)IhavestudiedEnglishsincelastyear.我從去年開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。我從去年開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。2)ShehaslivedinBeijingforfiveyears.她住在北京已經(jīng)五年了。她住在北京已經(jīng)五年了。注意注意:come,go,leave,arrive,buy,lose,receive,join,die,bury和和marry等動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作是等動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作是一時(shí)的一時(shí)的,不能延續(xù)的不能延續(xù)的,故不能與故不能與for,since等開(kāi)頭的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。不過(guò)等開(kāi)頭的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。不過(guò),這些這些詞用于否定句則可以與表示持續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，詞用于否定句則可以與表示持續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，即動(dòng)作的不發(fā)生是可以持續(xù)的。即動(dòng)作的不發(fā)生是可以持續(xù)的。503.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)把過(guò)去的動(dòng)作和現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果聯(lián)系起來(lái)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)把過(guò)去的動(dòng)作和現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果聯(lián)系起來(lái)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)只限于表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作本身一般過(guò)去時(shí)只限于表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作本身,與現(xiàn)在與現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果無(wú)關(guān)。的結(jié)果無(wú)關(guān)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)在意義上現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)