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1、Grammar,非謂語動詞之現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞,分詞：Participles,一 分詞的概述,1. 分詞是“非謂語動詞”的另一種形式，它有兩種形式：現(xiàn)在分詞（Present Participle）和過去分詞（Past Participle）。,2. 現(xiàn)在分詞：doing 過去分詞：done,3.分詞在句中起形容詞和副詞的作用。在句中 作表語、定語狀語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。,現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別：,1.語態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表主動，過去分詞表被動,Do you know the woman talking to Tom?The soldier killed in the war was a doctor.

2、,2. 時態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行，過去分詞表完成,Developing country發(fā)展中國家Developed country 發(fā)達(dá)國家 boiling water 正在沸騰的水 boiled water已經(jīng)燒開了的水,二、分詞的作用,1、作定語,分詞作定語有兩種形式。它可以放在被修飾的名詞之前，稱為前置定語。有的放在被修飾的名詞之后，稱為后置定語。,（1）前置定語,Make less noise. Theres a sleeping child.We only sell used books.我們只賣用過的書。,（2）后置定語,The young man sitting between J

3、ohn and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper.,現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動作。如果是單詞，放在被修飾的名詞前；如果是短語，放就放在被修飾的名詞之后。,The bridge built last month needs repairing.,上個月建造的那座橋需要修理。,坐在John和Mary之間的那個年輕男人是校園新聞報的編輯。,（3）分詞短語作定語必須置于被修飾詞之后， 相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。如：,Those who wish to join the club should sign here.,(Those wishing to join t

4、his club should sign here.）,想加入本俱樂部的人在這里簽名。,The man, who had been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.),由于被嚴(yán)重困擾，這個人幾乎失去了記憶。,(The man, having been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.,（4）過去分詞作定語在意義上有兩種可能：表示被動和完成，只表完成。如：,the question discussed yesterday,昨天討論的問題（既表示被動也表示完成）,the fallen lea

5、ves,落下的樹葉(只表示完成，不表示被動),2、作表語,分詞作表語表示主語的某種性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。如：,She was too frightened to move.她被嚇得一動不動。What you said is really inspiring.你所說的真令人鼓舞。,3、作賓語補(bǔ)足語,可以跟賓語補(bǔ)足語的謂語動詞有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等詞。,I saw him walking in the street. 我看見他在街上走。 I heard them singing in the classroom.我聽見他們在教室里唱歌

6、。 We found the boy sleeping. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)小孩睡著了。,A）I heard my brother ( singing , sung ) in the next room B）I heard the song ( singing , sung ) in English .,現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞在作狀語的區(qū)別,4、作狀語,現(xiàn)在分詞表主動進(jìn)行，過去分詞表被動完成,1. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the

7、 tower, the factory looks beautiful.2. (Hearing/heard) the bad news, they couldnt help crying.3. (Giving/Given) more time, we could do it better.,When we see from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory.,When the factory is seen from the top of the tower, theFactory looks beautiful.,Whe

8、n they heard the bad news, they couldnt helpcrying.,If we were given more time, we could do it better.,Hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying.,When they heard the bad news,Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.,If they had been given more attention,Being so angry, he couldn

9、t go to sleep.,Because he was so angry,They came into the classroom,singing and laughing.,To serve the people well, I study hard.,判斷下列句子正誤并改正：,1. To learn English well, a lot of practice must be done. 2. Seeing from the hill, the city is more beautiful.3. Heating , water will boil.4. Getting there,

10、the door was found opened.,we found the door open.,We must do a lot of practice.,將下列狀語從句改為非謂語短語作狀語：1. Because she was moved by the hero, she decided to study harder.,2. When he found the door locked, he went home.,He started early in order that he could get there on time.,將下列非謂語短語改寫為狀語從句,Not knowing

11、 her address, I cant write to her.2. Entering the room, I saw a strange sight.3, Scolded by the teacher, he was very sad.,Because I dont know her address, I cant write to her.,When I entered the room, I saw a strange sight.,After he was scolded by the teacher, he was very sad.,4.Not knowing where to

12、 go, he asked a policeman . 5. Hearing her friend was badly hurt, she burst into tears.6. Knowing his team had won, he became happy at once.,When she had heard her friend was badly hurt,she burst into tears.,Because he didnt know where to go, he asked a policeman.,After he knew his team had won, he became happy at once .,HomeworkGo over the notes you just took.,Bye-bye!,