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1、Grammar非謂語動詞之現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞1分詞：分詞：Participles一一分詞的概述分詞的概述1.分詞是分詞是“非謂語動詞非謂語動詞”的另一種形式，它有兩種形式：現(xiàn)的另一種形式，它有兩種形式：現(xiàn)在分詞（在分詞（PresentParticiple）和過去分詞（）和過去分詞（PastParticiple）。）。2.現(xiàn)在分詞：現(xiàn)在分詞：doing過去分詞：過去分詞：done3.分詞在句中起形容詞和副詞的作用。在句中分詞在句中起形容詞和副詞的作用。在句中作作表語、定語狀語和賓語補足語表語、定語狀語和賓語補足語表語、定語狀語和賓語補足語表語、定語狀語和賓語補足語。2現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)

2、在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別：1.語態(tài)上：語態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表主動，過去分詞表被動現(xiàn)在分詞表主動，過去分詞表被動DoyouknowthewomantalkingtoTom?Thesoldierkilledinthewarwasadoctor.2.時態(tài)上：時態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表進行，過去分詞表完成現(xiàn)在分詞表進行，過去分詞表完成Developingcountry發(fā)展中國家發(fā)展中國家Developedcountry發(fā)達國家發(fā)達國家boilingwater正在沸騰的水正在沸騰的水boiledwater已經(jīng)燒開了的水已經(jīng)燒開了的水3二、分詞的作用二、分詞的作用1、作定語、作定語 分詞作定語有兩種形式。它可以放在被修

3、飾的名詞分詞作定語有兩種形式。它可以放在被修飾的名詞之前，稱為前置定語。有的放在被修飾的名詞之后，之前，稱為前置定語。有的放在被修飾的名詞之后，稱為后置定語。稱為后置定語。（1）前置定語）前置定語Makelessnoise.Theresasleepingchild.Weonlysellusedbooks.我們只賣用過的書。我們只賣用過的書。（2）后置定語）后置定語TheyoungmansittingbetweenJohnandMaryistheeditorofthecampusnewspaper.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動作。如果是單詞，放在被修飾的名詞現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動作。如果是單詞，放在被修飾

4、的名詞前；如果是短語，放就放在被修飾的名詞之后。前；如果是短語，放就放在被修飾的名詞之后。Thebridgebuiltlastmonthneedsrepairing.上個月建造的那座橋需要修理。上個月建造的那座橋需要修理。坐在坐在John和和Mary之間的那個年輕男人是校園新聞報的編輯。之間的那個年輕男人是校園新聞報的編輯。4（3）分詞短語作定語必須置于被修飾詞之后，）分詞短語作定語必須置于被修飾詞之后，相當于一個定語從句。如：相當于一個定語從句。如：Thosewhowishtojointheclubshouldsignhere.(Thosewishingtojointhisclubshoul

5、dsignhere.）想加入本俱樂部的人在這里簽名。想加入本俱樂部的人在這里簽名。Theman,whohadbeendisturbedsobadly,almostlosthismemory.)由于被嚴重困擾，這個人幾乎失去了記憶。由于被嚴重困擾，這個人幾乎失去了記憶。(Theman,havingbeendisturbedsobadly,almostlosthismemory.5（4）過去分詞作定語在意義上有兩種可能：表示被動和）過去分詞作定語在意義上有兩種可能：表示被動和完成，只表完成。如：完成，只表完成。如：thequestiondiscussedyesterday昨天討論的問題昨天討論的問

6、題（既表示被動也表示完成）（既表示被動也表示完成）thefallenleaves落下的樹葉落下的樹葉(只表示完成，不表示被動只表示完成，不表示被動)2、作表語、作表語分詞作表語表示主語的某種性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。如：分詞作表語表示主語的某種性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。如：Shewastoofrightenedtomove.她被嚇得一動不動。她被嚇得一動不動。Whatyousaidisreallyinspiring.你所說的真令人鼓舞。你所說的真令人鼓舞。63、作賓語補足語、作賓語補足語可以跟賓語補足語的謂語動詞有可以跟賓語補足語的謂語動詞有see,watch,hear,set,keep,find,have,get等詞。

7、等詞。Isawhimwalkinginthestreet.我看見他在街上走。我看見他在街上走。Iheardthemsingingintheclassroom.我聽見他們在教室里唱歌。我聽見他們在教室里唱歌。Wefoundtheboysleeping.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)小孩睡著了。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)小孩睡著了。A）Iheardmybrother(singing,sung)inthenextroomB）Iheardthesong(singing,sung)inEnglish.7現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞在作狀語的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞在作狀語的區(qū)別4、作狀語、作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞表主動進行，過去分詞表被動完成現(xiàn)在分詞表主動進行，過

8、去分詞表被動完成1.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,wecanseeabeautifulfactory.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,thefactorylooksbeautiful.2.(Hearing/heard)thebadnews,theycouldnthelpcrying.3.(Giving/Given)moretime,wecoulddoitbetter.Whenweseefromthetopofthetower,wecanseeabeautifulfactory.Whenthefactoryisseenfr

9、omthetopofthetower,theFactorylooksbeautiful.Whentheyheardthebadnews,theycouldnthelpcrying.Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.8Hearing the bad news,they couldnt help crying.9Given more attention,the trees could have grown better.10Being so angry,he couldnt go to sleep.11They came into the classr

10、oom,singing and laughing.And/When they were singing and laughing12To serve the people well,I study hard.In order that I can serve the people well13判斷下列句子正誤并改正：判斷下列句子正誤并改正：1.To learn English well,a lot of practice must be done.2.Seeing from the hill,the city is more beautiful.3.Heating,water will boi

11、l.4.Getting there,the door was found opened.SeenHeatedwe found the door open.We must do a lot of practice.14將下列狀語從句改為非謂語將下列狀語從句改為非謂語短語作狀語：短語作狀語：1.Because she was moved by the hero,she decided to study harder.152.When he found the door locked,he went home.16He started early in order that he could get

12、 there on time.to get there on time17將下列非謂語短語改寫為狀語從句將下列非謂語短語改寫為狀語從句1.Not knowing her address,I cant write to her.2.Entering the room,I saw a strange sight.3,Scolded by the teacher,he was very sad.Because I dont know her address,I cant write to her.When I entered the room,I saw a strange sight.After

13、he was scolded by the teacher,he was very sad.184.Not knowing where to go,he asked a policeman.5.Hearing her friend was badly hurt,she burst into tears.6.Knowing his team had won,he became happy at once.When she had heard her friend was badly hurt,she burst into tears.Because he didnt know where to go,he asked a policeman.After he knew his team had won,he became happy at once.19 HomeworkGo over the notes you just took.20Bye-bye!21