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1、初中英語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)中三大從句總結(jié)在初中英語(yǔ)中，主要有三大從句，即賓語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句（包括時(shí)間、條件、結(jié)果、目的、原因、讓步、地點(diǎn)、方式等）。賓語(yǔ)從句一、定義 在句子中起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。二、連接詞 that: I think that you can pass the exam.Whether/if: I dont know what the word means.“Wh”: I dont know what the word means.I dont know where he found the book.只用whether的情況：1. 與or not連用：I dont kn

2、ow whether its raining or not.2. 與動(dòng)詞不定式連用：He doesnt know whether to accept the invitation.3. 連接詞前有介詞時(shí)：It depends on whether he is coming.三、時(shí)態(tài) 1. 主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定(各種時(shí)態(tài)均可)She wants to know what he has done for the exam.2.主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)。1）She said that she was a student.2）She said that she w

3、ould fly to Japan in a week.3）She said that she had finished her homework already.3. 如果賓語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或事實(shí)時(shí)，這時(shí)賓語(yǔ)從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 定語(yǔ)從句一、定義 在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞、代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。二、先行詞 先行詞指人 who /that先行詞指物 which/ that定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟被修飾的名詞或代詞（即先行詞）后三、關(guān)系代詞 關(guān)系代詞代替先行詞在句子中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分，所以從句中不可再

4、出現(xiàn)其他代替先行詞的代詞四、翻譯方法 “. 的” Whom: 先行詞指人，則代替先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)（包括介詞的賓語(yǔ)）, 與who的區(qū)別是如果前面帶介詞則必須用whom1. This is the teacher whomwho we like best.2. I dont like the boy to whom you are talking.Whose : 指人或物，作定語(yǔ)，表示 “的”eg: Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher.關(guān)系代詞只能 that 的特殊情況：1.先行詞前有序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)：This is the f

5、irst gift that my parents bought me.2.先行詞前有形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)：This is the most exciting film that I have ever seen.3. 先行詞是不定代詞something, anything等時(shí).e.g. Is there anything that you want in this shop4. 先行詞是人和物時(shí), 用that.e.g. He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all. 5. 先行詞被all , little

6、, the only , the very(就是，正是), the last 等詞修飾時(shí),只能用thate.g. This is the last place that I want to visit.6. 特殊疑問(wèn)句以who 或which 開(kāi)頭，只能用that引導(dǎo).Who is the girl that is making a speech on the platform?當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前使用介詞時(shí)：物+介詞+which ; 人+ 介詞 + whom當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前使用介詞時(shí)：e.g. 1. This is the train by which we went to Beijing.2. This

7、 is the teacher to whom my mother is talking.狀語(yǔ)從句一、定義 在復(fù)合句中由從句表示的狀語(yǔ)稱(chēng)作狀語(yǔ)從句，它可以用來(lái)修飾謂語(yǔ)（包括非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）、定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，或是整個(gè)句子。二、狀語(yǔ)從句一般分為八大類(lèi) 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句原因狀語(yǔ)從句 目的狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 條件狀語(yǔ)從句方式狀語(yǔ)從句 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句1. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句When -當(dāng)時(shí)候, 通常指某一特定的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，主句與從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。When I opened the window, I saw him come up.When - 正在的時(shí)候，突然。通常主句是進(jìn)行時(shí)或 be about to 時(shí)

8、，在翻譯的時(shí)候，when 可以譯成沒(méi)想到或突然。I was walking along the street , when I met him.When 當(dāng)從句是進(jìn)行時(shí)，主句是一般時(shí)，往往表示不滿(mǎn)。Someone knocked at the door when I was having breakfast.When=afterWhen the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.While -在期間，往往指一段時(shí)間。While we were inAmerica, we saw him twice.While

9、-表示一種不滿(mǎn)情緒，意思是這邊在干某種重要的事，而另一邊在享受等。We are cleaning the classroom while they are playing the football.As - 一邊一邊, 隨著She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music.As - 當(dāng)時(shí)，指一個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生，從句通常用進(jìn)行時(shí)。As I was going out, it began to rain.The moment - 一就 =as soon as , immediately,-Did you remembe

10、r to give Mary the money you owed her?-Yes, I gave her the moment I saw her.Not until - 直到才He didnt leave the office until he finished the work.Before - 在之前The passengers should arrive at the airport an hour before the flight departs.After -在 之后The customer left the ticket counter after he had a qua

11、rrel with the ticket agent.Since -自從, 通常主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)I have never been there again since I graduated from the university.It is just a week since we arrived here. As soon as - 一就Jack went to school as soon as he got well.No sooner than - 一就no sooner than 用于句首要求倒裝Hardly whenScarcely whenNo sooner had he ar

12、rived than he went away again.Once - 一但就Once you see him, you will never forget him.Every time, each time 每次whenever 每當(dāng)Each time he came to town, he would visit our school. 2. 條件狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有：If如果, unless除非, as long as只要, As (so) far as - 據(jù)所知，in case萬(wàn)一, provided that假如, on condition that若是，以為條件If

13、-如果If you dont hurry up, you will miss the plane.Unless - 如果不, 除非=if notWe cant get there on time unless we book the earliest flightAs long as - 只要We will succeed as long as we keep on trying.As (so) far as - 據(jù)所知As far as I know, he speaks English very well.In case - 假使, 如果The plane cannot take off

14、in case it rains.Provided that 如果,有時(shí)省略 thatThe plane will be in good condition provided that it is taken care of carefully.On condition that - 條件是He said that he would come to the meeting on condition that no one asked him to speak.注:主從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在將來(lái)時(shí)，則主句用將來(lái)時(shí), 從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)If he arrives tomorrow, I will be wa

15、iting for him at the airport. 3. 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句只有兩個(gè)連詞: Where, whereverWhere - 在地方Where there is a will, there is a way.Wherever - 無(wú)論哪里Wherever you are, I will be right there waiting for you. 4. 原因狀語(yǔ)從句because, as, since, now that, 和considering that, seeing that 這六個(gè)連詞都用于表示表示原因, 但在語(yǔ)氣上一個(gè)比一個(gè)弱.Because - 因?yàn)?

16、通常從句放在主句后.Mr Smith was very upset because he couldnt find his luggage.As - 因?yàn)? 通常放在句首As he is honest and modest, all his friends like him.Since -既然 因語(yǔ)氣較弱, 常譯為既然(眾所周知的原因)Since everybody has come, we can set off.Now that - 既然Now that you are here, you can join us.considering that - 顧及到Considering that

17、 they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.seeing that - 由于Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off. 5. 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：that, so that, sothatsuchthat So that - 太以至于 so 后面應(yīng)用形容詞或副詞, 有時(shí)省略so只用thatBoeing 747 is so large that people like to call it

18、jet bomb噴氣炸彈.So that - 因而，以便，為了 有時(shí)so 可以省去Speak louder please so that the people at the back can hear you.Such that -太以至于 用法與sothat相同，但such 后面應(yīng)用名詞。The foreign visitor was such a fast speaker that nobody could understand him. 6. 目的狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的主要連詞有: that, so that, in order that, for fear that, lest(S

19、o) that - 以便, 從句中常常使用一些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如：can, could, may, might, should等Lets take the front seats (so) that we may see more clearly.in order that - 為了, 與so that 相同從句中常常使用一些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如：can, could, may, might, should等School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.for fear that - 生

20、怕; 為了防止(某事發(fā)生)He took the name down for fear that he should forget it. in case - 萬(wàn)一You should bring a dictionary in case you need it.Lest - 以防萬(wàn)一The man decided to tell his boss the fact lest he would be angry with him. 7. 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：Although, though, as, even if, even though, no matter, howev

21、er, whatever, while, whether.Although, though -雖然 although 和though 可以互換，但although 常放在句首。Though可以用于倒裝。Although it was raining, the plane managed to take off.Though he did his best, he didnt succeed.As - 盡管 as 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，句子通常倒裝?？膳cthough 互換。Busy as he is, he never misses a football match.Even if /even t

22、hough -即使Even if you dont like your boss, you should do your work.However - 不論， however 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，句子通常倒He couldnt get there on time however fast he drove.No matter (what, when, where, how) -無(wú)論（什么，何時(shí)，何地，怎樣）He wouldnt forgive me no matter how hard I begged him.Whatever - 不管Whatever other people may sa

23、y, she wont change her mind.While -盡管While I have sympathy for you, I cant help you.Whether -不管，常與or not 連用Whether he is good or not, the company decided to send him abroad.8. 方式狀語(yǔ)從句方式狀語(yǔ)從句常由: as, as if, as thoughas -與 一樣Do in Rome as the Romans do.as if, as though - 仿佛, 由as if或 as though引導(dǎo)的從句中可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣She stood at the door as if (=as though) she were waiting for someone