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1、詞類詞類：代詞：代詞：1both,either 和neitherboth:二者都(復(fù)數(shù))Both of the boys are clever.neither：二者都不（單數(shù)）Neither of the boys is clever.either：二者中任何一個(gè)（單數(shù)）Either of the boys is clever.Both problems are not difficult.2.other,another,the other,others,the othersanother:泛指眾多中的另一個(gè)，又一個(gè)，I have finished the novel.Please give

2、me another(one)Would you like another(cup of tea)?They will stay in Beijing for another two days.other：其他的，the other：兩者中的另一個(gè)，用于“one the other”詞組中 He has two sisters.One is a doctor,the other is a nurse.others:代替或泛指其他的人或事the others:表示在一定范圍內(nèi)的，剩下的人或事，其他所有的人或事 1.You may come on Tuesday or Wednesday,_ da

3、y will do.A allB bothC eitherD one2.Of the three foreigners,one is from Japan and _ two are from Korea.A otherB the other C someD any3.Our factory gave _ worker a bonus of 800 yuan at the end of the year to praise their hard-working.A eitherB everyC allD both4.Tove does not know _ of them.She only k

4、nows a few of them.A allB noneC bothD any形容詞、副詞形容詞、副詞1.同級(jí)比較：肯定句：as 原級(jí) as 否定句：not as/so 原級(jí) as 倍數(shù)倍數(shù)/修飾詞修飾詞+as as 倍數(shù)：half,twice,threetimes 修飾詞：almost,nearly,exactly,quiteThe building is almost as high as that one.The book is three times as thick as that one.2.比較級(jí)的用法 數(shù)量/倍數(shù)/修飾詞+比較級(jí)+than修飾詞：much,far,rathe

5、r,even,a lot,a little,no(not any)He is two years older than his brother.Your house is twice larger than his.2個(gè)詞組個(gè)詞組：1.bigger and bigger lower and lower 比較級(jí)and 比較級(jí) more and more beautiful 越來越 more and more wonderful In winter,the days are getting shorter and shorter.Beijing is becoming more and more

6、beautiful.2.the比較級(jí),the比較級(jí):越,就越The more you read,the more you know.The harder you study,the better result you will get.The farther he went,the more afraid he felt.How often:問次數(shù)/頻率，用twice,three times回答How long：?jiǎn)枙r(shí)間，用20 minutes,two weeks回答How soon：?jiǎn)柖嗫?多久以后，用in 20minutes,in two weeks回答How far：?jiǎn)柖噙h(yuǎn)，用距離回答 2

7、0 minutes walk1.This brand of computer is _ more expensive than I expected.A plentyB a lot C plenty of D a lot of2.The more fruit and vegetables you eat,_ chance of getting cancer you have.A littleB lessC the less D the least3.Staying in a four-star hotel for a night costs _ renting a house in the s

8、uburb（近郊）for a month.A twice as much asB twice moreC as much as twiceD as much twice as 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：1.mustnt 和neednt/dont have to You must keep it a secret.You mustnt tell anybody else.You can come with me if you like but you neednt come if you dont want to.need to do(表示主動(dòng))We needed to look after the

9、old man.need doing(表示被動(dòng))同類require,want The old man needed looking after.2.should have done:本應(yīng)該(本該做但沒有做)=ought to have done I should have arrived here this morning,but the traffic is too heavy.I wonder why theyre so late.They should have been here an hour ago.3.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)的用法1)cant(表推測(cè)多用否定式，意為“不可能”)（對(duì)現(xiàn)在

10、、將來）It cant be true.這不可能是真的。2)must:表示肯定推測(cè)（對(duì)現(xiàn)在）You must be hungry after the long walk.3)may:表示可能性很小的推測(cè)（對(duì)現(xiàn)在、將來）He may be in his office.4)表示對(duì)發(fā)生過的事的推測(cè) must cant have done may Ive lost one of my gloves.I must have dropped it somewhere.He cant have said something like that.“I cant find my bag anywhere.”“Y

11、ou may have left it in the shop.”1.-Bradford graduated from college with honors at a very young age.-He _ have been an outstanding student.A mustB couldC shouldD might2.-They are supposed to arrive at six,but there is still no sign of them-Something unexpected _ to them.A might happen B must have ha

12、ppenedC would have happenedD could happen3.The street are all wet.It _ during the night.A must be rainingB must have rainedC had rainedD must rain非謂語動(dòng)詞：非謂語動(dòng)詞：1.動(dòng)名詞:doing 1）這些詞后面接動(dòng)名詞：busy,keep,feel like,avoid,cant help,practise,suggest,finish,mind,介詞，Its no use/good,Its useless/worth,spend time(in)do

13、ing sth.2）not doing:Not understanding what he meant,I asked him to explain.2.不定式 to do:It takes sb.+time+to do It cost sb.+money+to buy 1）這些詞后接不定式：expect,manage,allow,decide,happen,plan,pretend,promise,agree 2）not to do：He promised not to tell lies any more.He decided not to wait any longer.3）look,w

14、atch,see,notice,let,make,have,hear,feel 后省略to I saw her enter the building.I wont let him do that kind of thing again.3.to do 與 doing 的區(qū)別：forget/remember/regret to do(要做的事)doing（已經(jīng)做過的事）stop to do （開始）doing（停止）try to do （努力、盡力）doing（嘗試）mean to do （企圖，打算）doing （意味著）want to do（想要）doing（需要）The classroom

15、 building wants/needs painting.see sb.to do doing4.分詞1.doing 與 done 的區(qū)別 1）時(shí)間 Dont disturb the sleeping baby.boiling water/boiled water 2)主動(dòng)與被動(dòng) I found his writing something then.I am reading the novel written by Mark Twain.The problems mentioned will be solved soon.The sea water contains nearly all

16、kinds of natural elements known.While waiting for the bus,he met a friend he had not seen for years.Waited for a long time,he apologized to the others.1.Mary saw her son _ the piano when she came to the room.A playingB play C playedD to play2._ the TV tower at night,the city looks even more magnific

17、ent with all its lights on.A Seeing fromB To be seen fromC To see fromD Seen from3.You cant expect her _ on time if you are late yourself.A have been B being C beD to be 4.The sandwiches _ by your mother were very delicious.A makeB makingC madeD were made5.The doctor asked Bob to quit _ because of h

18、is health.A smokeB smokes C smoking D to smoke6.Anne couldnt find a taxi,so I offered _ her to the station.A driveB to driveC drivingD having driven7.Time _,we will arrange for the tourists to visit two or three more remote spots of culture value.A permitsB permittingC permittedD to be permitted8._

19、a windy day,I decided to stay at home.A BeingB It being C Its D Been時(shí)態(tài)：時(shí)態(tài)：1.主（句）將（來時(shí)）從（句）現(xiàn)（在時(shí)）1）在以after,before,when,until,as soon as等連詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間從句中：（主）Ill let you know（從）when she gets here.（主）youll see a path to your left,（從）After you go another 50 m 2）在帶有if,unless,in case的條件從句中：（主）Ill bring a compass（從

20、）in case we get lost.（主）He will fail his exams（從）unless he take work more seriously.2.用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 He is going to the dentist on Tuesday morning.What time is Cathy arriving tomorrow?3.be to do:表示將要做（發(fā)生）的事，用于表示正式的安排、說明等 The sports meet is to take place on Monday.The queen is to visit our country.

21、be about to do：表示即將發(fā)生的事,表示很快要發(fā)生的事 Hurry up.The train is about to leave.完成時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):have/has done 過去完成時(shí):had done1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1)表示過去發(fā)生的而現(xiàn)在有結(jié)果的動(dòng)作：I have lost my passport.（我現(xiàn)在找不到我的護(hù)照）“Wheres Linda?”“She has gone to bed.”（她現(xiàn)在睡覺了）I have just I have already I havent yet.Have you ever?“have been”&“have gone”“Wheres

22、 Bill?”“Hes away.He has gone to Spain.”“Hello,Bill.”“Hello.I have been on holiday.I have been to Spain.”2)表示從過去到現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,與recently/in the last few days/so far/since breakfast 等詞連用 Have you heard from George recently?Ive met a lot of people in the last few days.3)表示動(dòng)作的延續(xù) He has been in Ireland for

23、 three days.I have known her for a long time.2.過去完成時(shí)：要談?wù)撨^去某時(shí)間之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為 When we got home last night,we found that somebody had broken into the flat.I didnt know who she was,I had never seen her before.The man sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous.He had never flown before.I was very pleas

24、ed to see Tim again after such a long time.I hadnt seen him for five years.He has written 5 articles for the magazine so far.He had written 5 articles for the magazine by the end of last month.3 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并仍在進(jìn)行 How long have you been learning English?(仍在學(xué)習(xí)英語)Tim is still watching television.H

25、e has been watching television all day.1.Sorry,but we cannot go to San Diego.Our cousins _ to see us next Sunday.A comeB are coming C have comeD came2.The bus is late and Julie is cold.She _ for the bus for 10 minutes.A waitsB waited C has waitedD has been waiting3.Since arriving in New York,Thomas

26、_ over 15 job interviews.A hasB hadC has hadD is having4.By the year 2100,many different means of transportation _.A will develop B will have developedC will be developingD will have been developed從句：n名詞性從句：引導(dǎo)詞、語序、時(shí)態(tài)n定語從句：引導(dǎo)詞n狀語從句：連詞從句：從句：1.Perhaps the days will come _ people will be able to breathe

27、 clean air in cities.A whenB asC whileD since2.Jenny is the only one of the grade who _ selected to school fashion-show team.A isB areC hasD have3.You may borrow this dictionary _ you keep it clean.A as long as B so far asC in caseD even if4.The little boy wont go to sleep _ his mother tells him a s

28、tory.A sinceB whenC lestD unlessScientists who study the brain have found out a great deal about how we learn.They have discovered that babies learn much more from the sights and sounds around them than(we thought before).Ask her about the events and people in the story you read together.Let her kno

29、w you are carefully listening to(what she says).Carleton Kendrick suggests that accompanying（陪伴）your child to a website(he often visits)is no different from“checking out a playground(where your kids go),to see that its safe”.Many parents dont know that a simple click（點(diǎn)擊）on the“history”tab（鍵）will pro

30、duce a list of links to every website(the computer has visited recently).虛擬語氣在虛擬語氣在If條件狀語從句中的使用：條件狀語從句中的使用：If 條件句條件句 主句主句與與現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相事實(shí)相反反與與過去過去事實(shí)相事實(shí)相反反與與將來將來事實(shí)相事實(shí)相反反If 主語動(dòng)詞過去主語動(dòng)詞過去式（式（be 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞were）would(should,could,might)動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形If 主語主語had 動(dòng)詞過去分詞動(dòng)詞過去分詞would(could,should,might)have 動(dòng)動(dòng)詞過去分詞詞過去分詞If主語主語sh

31、ould動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形If主語主語were to動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形Would(should,could,might)動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形If 主語動(dòng)詞過去式主語動(dòng)詞過去式（be 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞were）If I were you,I would study English harder.與與現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反事實(shí)相反If I had got there earlier,I would have caught the bus.與與過去過去事實(shí)相反事實(shí)相反If I were to return in a day or two,I would wait for her.與與將來將來事實(shí)相反事實(shí)相反If 引導(dǎo)的條

32、件句引導(dǎo)的條件句It is(high)time 從句用過去時(shí):早該了It is time we started.我們?cè)缭摮霭l(fā)了。It is high time you grew up.你早該長(zhǎng)大了。Its(high)time(sb)sth.didI would rather you came to my party.我多希望你能來參加我的聚會(huì)。I would rather you did the work.我真希望你來做這件事。表示間接的命令、建議或請(qǐng)求的從句中We suggest that the meeting(should)be put off.我們建議將會(huì)議延期He ordered that the medicine(should)be sent by a special plane.他命令用專機(jī)送藥品I insist that you(should)give me my money back.我要求你把錢退給我I require that he(should)do the work tomorrow.我要求他明天做這項(xiàng)工作