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1、Grammar 12018.03.191.目錄1Present simple2Present continuous3Past simple4Past continuous2.Present Simple 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)句型結(jié)構(gòu)例句肯定句v原原/v+(e)sHe plays tennis.否定句do/does not+v原原She doesnt play tennis.疑問句Do/Does +v原？原？Do you play tennis?We use the present simple1)to talk about regular habits or repeated actions:I get

2、 up really early and practise for an hour or so most days.I use the Internet just about every day.Words that describe how often or when are often used（e.g.always,usually,often,sometimes,rarely,never,every day,every evening,generally,normally）.3.2)to talk about permanent situations My parents own a r

3、estaurant.We used the present perfect,not the present simple,to say how long something has continued:I have worked there since I was 15.(not I work there since I was 15.)3)to talk about facts or generally accepted truths Students dont generally have much money.If you heat water to 100,it boils.4)to

4、give instructions and directions:You go down to the traffic lights,then you turn left.To start the programme,first you click on the icon on the desktop.5)to tell stories and talk about films,books and plays:In the film,the tea lady falls in love with the Prime Minister.4.Present Continuous 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)句型結(jié)構(gòu)

5、例句肯定句am/is/are+v-ingHes living in Thailand.否定句am/is/are not+v-ingIm not living in Thailand.疑問句Am/Is/Are +v-ingAre they living in Thailand?We use the present continuous1)to talk about temporary situations:Im studying really hard for my exams.My cousin is living in Thailand at the moment.(=he doesnt n

6、ormally live there)Words like at the moment,currently,now,this week/month/year are often used.5.2)to talk about actions happening at the moment of speaking:Im waiting for my friends.3)to talk about trends or changing situations:The Internet is making it easier for people to stay in touch with each o

7、ther.The price of petrol is rising dramatically.4)to talk about things that happen more often than expected,often to show envy or to criticise with words like always,constantly,continually,forever.My mums always saying I dont help enough!(complaint)Hes always visiting exciting places!(envy)6.Activit

8、y verb State verbs 動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞 和 狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞英語中的動(dòng)詞就其詞匯意義來說可分為動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞（Activity verb）和狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞（State verb）。動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)主語在做的動(dòng)作，而狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)主語所處的狀態(tài)，狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞通常不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如：The girl is putting on a red coat.那個(gè)女孩正在穿一件紅色外套。（穿的動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，put為動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞）。We have a second-hand car.我們有一輛二手車。（have為狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞）。7.【動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞的分類與用法】1.表示持續(xù)動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞表示持續(xù)動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞，如 eat,listen,read,run

9、等。例如：She is listening to the radio.她在聽收音機(jī)。2.表示短暫動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞表示短暫動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞，如 hit,jump等。這類動(dòng)詞一般用在現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，表示現(xiàn)時(shí)的一次性動(dòng)作。表示短暫動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞通常不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中，如果用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的話，那就表示短暫動(dòng)作的多次重復(fù)。例如：She jumped up into the chair.她跳起來坐到椅子上。He was jumping up and down to keep warm.他上下跳動(dòng)來取暖。3.表示轉(zhuǎn)變和移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞表示轉(zhuǎn)變和移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，如arrive,change,come,die,go,leave等。這類動(dòng)詞用于一般時(shí)

10、和進(jìn)行時(shí)中，往往在意義上略有不同。比如說The train leaves at nine，這是一種現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，表示火車每天都是9點(diǎn)開車。如果說The train is leaving，則表示即將發(fā)生的事態(tài)，表示火車馬上就要開了。8.【狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的分類與用法】狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞可分為四類：1.動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞be(是是)和動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞have(有有)。例如：The boy is 150 centimeters tall.這個(gè)男孩150厘米高。不可以說：The boy is being 150 centimeters tall.My husband has several shirts

11、of different colors.我丈夫有好幾件顏色不同的襯衫。而不可以說：My husband is having several shirts of different colors.2.含有狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞含有狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞be和和have的意義的動(dòng)詞，的意義的動(dòng)詞，如：如：belong to,contain,differ from,matter,own等等。這類狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞通常都不可以用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如：That dictionary belongs to me.那本字典是屬于我的。不能說：That dictionary is belonging to me 9.3.表示五官感覺的動(dòng)詞表示五官感覺的

12、動(dòng)詞，如，如 hear,see,feel,taste,smell等。等。例如：The old man doesnt hear very well那位老人聽覺不太好。不能說：The old man isnt hearing very well The meat tastes delicious.這肉味道真好。但不可以說：The meat is tasting delicious.4.表示想法或心理的動(dòng)詞表示想法或心理的動(dòng)詞，如，如 agree,assume,believe,consider,disagree,forget,hope,know,expect,imagine,regret,remem

13、ber,suppose,think,understand等。等。這類動(dòng)詞通常也都不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如：He does not believe in Howards honesty.他不相信霍華德為人真誠(chéng)。不能說He is not believing in Howards honesty.10.5.表示情感狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞表示情感狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如，如adore,despise,dislike,enjoy,feel,hate,like,love,mind,prefer,wantDo you mind if I ask you a few questions?I love music.6.表示描述或說明類的動(dòng)

14、詞表示描述或說明類的動(dòng)詞，如：，如：appear,contain,look like,mean,resemble,seem,smell,sound,taste,weigh.You look like your mother.(=a permanent situation,not a temporary one)Notice:Some state verbs can be used in the continuous form when the meaning is temporary.Compare:What are you thinking about?(now)I think you sh

15、ould tell her exactly what happened.(my opinion,so not temporary)Im tasting the sauce to see if it needs any more salt.The sauce tastes delicious.Shes having a great time.(is having=is experiencing,not possession)Students dont generally have much money.(have=possession)11.Fill in the gaps with the c

16、orrect form of the verbs in brackets.1.Im busy right now.I (fill in)an application form for a new job.2.My tutor (see)me for a tutorial every Monday at two oclock.3.John (not/study)very hard at the moment.I (not/think)hell pass his exams.4.What (he/do)?He (try)to fix the television aerial.5.Animals

17、(breathe in)oxygen and ()carbon dioxide.6.Be quiet!I (want)to hear the news.7.In my country we (drive)on the right-hand side of the road.8.My friend Joes parents (travel)round the world this summer,and probably wont be lack for a couple of months.9.The college (run)the same course every year.10.The

18、number of wild butterflies (fall)as a result of changes in farming methods.m filling in seesisnt studyingdont thinks he doings tryingbreathe ingive outwantdriveare travellingrunsis falling12.Fill in the gaps with the verbs in the box in the correct present tense.agree catch up cause have go up know

19、think use We 1 energy for three main things:electricity production,heating and transport.For the first two,we 2 options such as solar and wind power,and natural gas.But oil is still the worlds number one source of energy,and for transport at least,there is currently no alternative.In China,domestic

20、energy consumption3 year by year and demand in similar regions 4 fast.We 5 how to use energy more efficiently now than in the past but the worldwide rise in demand 6 concern amongst experts.Some experts 7 that oil supplies will start to fall within the next twenty years.Most experts 8 that we need t

21、o find a new source of energy soon.13.Fill in the gaps with the verbs in the box in the correct present tense.agree catch up cause have go up know think use We 1 use energy for three main things:electricity production,heating and transport.For the first two,we 2 have options such as solar and wind p

22、ower,and natural gas.But oil is still the worlds number one source of energy,and for transport at least,there is currently no alternative.In China,domestic energy consumption3 is going up year by year and demand in similar regions 4 is catching up fast.We 5 know how to use energy more efficiently no

23、w than in the past but the worldwide rise in demand 6 is causing concern amongst experts.Some experts 7 think that oil supplies will start to fall within the next twenty years.Most experts 8 agree that we need to find a new source of energy soon.14.擴(kuò)展：擴(kuò)展：catch 抓住,捕捉 catch the ballcatch up 趕上，主要是指“趕上

24、汽車、火車等交通工具”或“趕上看節(jié)目”聊天敘舊 e.g.Lets go grab some coffee and catch up for a while.catch up with（介詞短語，with不可以省略，+sb/sth）趕上某人 e.g.I will catch up with you again in a few minutes.幾分鐘后我會(huì)再次趕上你。補(bǔ)上工作 e.g.Can I catch up with the materials or it is too late?我能對(duì)材料做下補(bǔ)充嗎？或者是不是太晚了？catch up on事后得到關(guān)于的消息 e.g.He loves t

25、o catch up on the news after a trip abroad.趕完，補(bǔ)上 sleep 補(bǔ)覺 the bills 付清賬單 work 趕工作 study 補(bǔ)課，補(bǔ)習(xí)15.Past Simple 一般過去時(shí)句型結(jié)構(gòu)例句肯定句v過去式過去式+-d/-edHe worked for the police.否定句did not+v原原She didnt work for the police.疑問句Did +v原？原？Did they work for the police?We use the past simple1)to talk about single past com

26、pleted actions.Often the time is mentioned:A few weeks ago,a woman called to report a robbery at her house.2)to give a series of actions in the order that they happened:The burglar came in through the front door,picked up the womans handbag,emptied it out and stole her purse.16.3)to talk about past

27、repeated actions:When his son got older,he often went out to visit his friends after school.4)to talk about long-term situations in the past which are no longer true:Bill Murphy worked for the police force for over 17 years.17.Used to would 用法用法句型結(jié)構(gòu)例句肯定句 used to/would+v原原She used to/would lock the d

28、oor.否定句 did not+use to+v原原 She didnt work for the police.疑問句 Did use to+v原？原？Did they use to lock the door?We use used to+v原原 or would+v原原 to talk about past repeated actions:She used to keep the front door locked.(but she stopped doing this)She would leave the door unlocked whenever she was at home

29、.1)We use used to talk about permanent situations that are usually no longer true:Bill Murphy used to work for the police force.2)We dont use used to if we want to talk about how long the situations lasted:Bill Murphy worked for the police force for over 17 years.注意：注意：We dont use would with state v

30、erb.18.Past Continuous 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)句型結(jié)構(gòu)例句肯定句was/were+v-ingShe was watching the news.否定句was/were not+v-ingThey werent watching the news.疑問句was/were.+v-ing?Were you watching the news?We use the past continuous1)to provide the background scene to an action or event(usually in the past simple).We often use wor

31、ds like when,while and as:It happened at five in the afternoon while she was watching the news on TV.He was doing his homework in his bedroom when the burglar came into the house.19.It is possible to have more than one background scene happening at the same time：He was listening to music and working

32、 on his computer.2)when we want to emphasize the activity without focusing on its completion.Compare：For a while last year I was working at the cinema,studying for my degree and uniting a column for the local newspaper,(we dont know if the actions were completed or not,or whether they happened at the same time)Last year I worked at the cinema,studied for my degree and wrote a column for the local newspaper,(suggests all of the jobs are now complete,and probably happened in that order)20.THANK YOU 21.