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1、非謂語動(dòng)詞 語法講解,I.非謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)形式對(duì)照表：,2.非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中可作的語法成份,1.非謂語動(dòng)詞大都可在句中作主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語、定語、狀語等.,1.To see you is glad. =Its glad to see you. 2.I want to see you.3.I want him to see you. 4.My hope is to see you.5.He is the man to see you.6.Im glad to see you.7.I went to see you.8.He went so early as to see you,（

2、作主語）,(作賓語）,（作賓補(bǔ)）,(作表語）,（作定語）,（作原因狀語）,（作目的狀語）,（作結(jié)果狀語）,1.Swimming is his favourite sport. 2.He enjoys swimming. 3.I found him swimming in the river. 4.His favourite sport is swimming.5.He is the man swimming in the river just now. 6. Swimming in Summer ,we can get cool.,(作主語）,(作賓語）,(作賓補(bǔ)）,(作表語）,(作定語）,(

3、作狀語）,1.This cup is broken. 2.This is a broken cup. 3.I found the cup broken.4.Broken by Tom, the cup cant be used.過去分詞一般不作主語、賓語.,(作表語,(作表語）,(作賓語補(bǔ)足語）,(作狀語）,3.分詞的用法比較A.在時(shí)態(tài)上1.China is a developing country =a country which is developing.2.Japan is a developed country =a country which has developed.3.I f

4、ound him gone. =that he had gone.(表完成）,ing分詞表“進(jìn)行”ed分詞表“完成”,B.在語態(tài)上，ing分詞表“主動(dòng)”，ed分詞表“被動(dòng)”（多為及物動(dòng)詞）,1.I saw him writing a short novel. =that he was writing a short novel.2.He was reading a novel written by Charles Dickens. =which was written by Charles Dichens.在概念上，ing.表“抽象、習(xí)慣”,不定式表“具體、偶然、將來”. *Swimming

5、(抽象）is my favourite sport and I like swimming(習(xí)慣）every day, but I dont like to swim(具體）today, I would like to swim(將來）tomorrow.,C.分詞的完成式一般不用來作定語，只能用作狀語.,The platform having been built will be used to perform on. 1.The platform built will be used to perform on. The platform which has been built will

6、be used to perform on. 2. Having given her opinion about the building, she left the meeting. Having been used for a long time, the computer needs repairing.,作定語,作狀語,D.ed+主句（不強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間先后）;Being ed+主句（強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生）;Having been ed+主句（強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間先后）如不強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間先后可用ed,一般式來代替.,1.Used as a means of traffic in China,the bik

7、e is very useful. Written in simple English, the book is easy to read2. Being used by me now,the bike cant be lent to you.3. Having been used for many years, the bike needs repairing. Having been told several times, 可以寫成=Told several times,he couldnt,understand what I meant.,4.非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法區(qū)別不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語的區(qū)

8、別：,.下列動(dòng)詞常用不定式作賓語： aim ,ask, dare ,appear, arrange ,demand, help, hesitate, pay, plan, wait, fail, seek, prepare, happen, mean, prove, expect, wish, hope, decide, refuse, offer, learn, agree, choose, promise, pretend, manage, care, determine, afford等。 如：He offered to help us . I didnt expect to find

9、you here They refused to accept his invitation The little boy pretended to be asleep when his mother came in,(2)下列動(dòng)詞通常用ing形式作賓語：,admit, report, appreciate, deny, explain, mention, resist, stand, stop, imagine, recall, suggest, mind, finish, enjoy, keep, practise, miss, avoid, delay, excuse, escape,

10、consider, advise等。如 ：1）Would you mind my smoking here ? 2） The girl was told to practise playing the piano for three hours every day 3）Good news keeps coming. Tina suggested spending the weekend on her farm,(3)下列動(dòng)詞接不定式與接ing形式意義相近：,like，love, hate, dislike, begin, start, prefer，continue, intend，attem

11、pt等. e.g：I prefer making (to make) an outline before I do my oral composition We all like playing (to play) table tennis但也有細(xì)微區(qū)別：*指具體某次的行為常用不定式，指慣常的行為常用ing形式.如：I like reading books of this kind(慣常行為) I hate to say so，but really I cant go with you(具體某次行為),I prefer to stay at home today(具體某次行為) He pref

12、ers walking to cycling(慣常行為)*一般說來不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞如：realize，know，understand，see，lose等，多用不定式 如：I began to realize I had been wrong.We hate to lose the chance . Now we are beginning to see it more clearly.,(4)下列動(dòng)詞接不定式與接ing形式意義不同：,stop to do 停下(正在做的事)去做另一件事 / stop doing 停下正在做的事e.g.：Seeing an old man carrying

13、a big bag, I stopped to help him Hearing the bell ,the students stopped playing and ran into the classroomforget to do忘記做某事(此事未做)/ forget doing忘記曾做過某事(此事已做) He forgot to post the letter when he walked past the post office Ill never forget seeing him for the first time,remember to do記得要做某事(此事未做)/ rem

14、ember doing記得某事已做過(此事已做) e.g.：I remember seeing her once somewhere You must remember to take your umbrella when you leave homego on to do繼續(xù)做另一件事 go on doing接著做同一件事e.g. ：She stood up and shook hands with me, and then she went on writing something AfterIfinishedmyhomework,1wentontoreadthenoveltry to d

15、o企圖想做某事 try doing試著做某事(看看有什么后果發(fā)生) e.g. ：We tried to persuade him to go with us, but he wouldnt listen Lets try doing the work some other way.,mean to do (意思是) 打算做某事 mean doing意味著做某事 e.g. ：Revolution means librating the productive forceSorry ,I didnt mean to hurt youregret to do遺憾地做某事(通常后接say ,tell等動(dòng)

16、詞)/ regret doing后悔做了某事e.g. ：I regret to tell that you didnt pass the exam againHe regretted having told her the bad news,(5)動(dòng)詞如： (permit ,allow，admit，forbid，imagine，consider) advise sb to do sthadvise doing sth,advise sb to do sthe.g. ：The doctor advised me not to go to bed too late. Please permit me to introduce myself to you first You surely cant consider him to be a selfish man My parents forbid me to stay out after mid-night I allowed the children to play in my room for another five minutes.