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1、非謂語動(dòng)詞 語法講解,the ninth senior school sinan county,Non-finite,非謂語動(dòng)詞的類型:,Infinitive 不定式,Gerund 動(dòng)名詞,Participle 分詞,Non-finite,Structure :,to be done,Infinitive:,to do,Negative (否定):,not to do,Passive voice:,(1). 主語 Subject,不定式作主語時(shí),往往放在謂語之后,用it作形式主語.,To get enough sleep at night is important.,It_.,It is ad

2、j. (for sb) to do sth.,It is + a pleasure/an honor/a pity to do.,It takes sb +time to do.,Non-finite,is important to get enough sleep at night,1.吸煙對你來說是不好的。,It is not good for you to smoke.,2.和你一起共進(jìn)晚餐很愉快。,It is a pleasure to have dinner with you.,It only took two years to complete the project.,3.完成這

3、項(xiàng)工程只花了二年時(shí)間。,鞏固練習(xí)1,(2). 表語 Predicative,My job,is,Your task _(努力學(xué)習(xí)).,is to study hard,Non-finite,To see is to believe.,to teach you English.,These days everyone wants to get rich fast.,(3) 賓語 Object,常用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有:,fail, happen, mean, wish, hope, decide, refuse, offer, learn, agree，etc.,+ to do,Non-fi

4、nite,like to do,manage to do,think considerfind make feel,形式賓語,4.我希望很快收到你的信。,I hope to hear from you soon.,5.我決定不留下來。,I decided not to stay.,6.學(xué)生們認(rèn)為玩電腦游戲很有趣。,Students thought_.,7.她覺得沒有沒有必要和他辯論。,She thought it unnecessary to argue with him.,it interesting to play computer games.,it + adj.+ to do,鞏固練習(xí)

5、2,The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.,(4). 賓補(bǔ) Complement,五看,watch,see,look at,observe,notice,三使,let,make,have,二聽,listen to,hear,一感覺:,feel,當(dāng)遇到下列動(dòng)詞時(shí),不定式省略to:,allow, cause, ask, advise, expect, force, permit, persuade, tell, want, warn, teach等.,Non-finite,醫(yī)生建議他去南方.,The doctor advised him to go

6、 to the south.,+ sb to do,I made him do his work.,He _by me.,See sb do sth,-,sb be seen to do,He was seen _ from the tree and get hurt.fall B. to fall C. falling D. fallen,改錯(cuò): He was heard talk to his mother for an hour.,to talk,was made to do his work,(5). 定語 Attributive,(如果不定式中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,則不定式中要有介詞.

7、),He is looking for_.（一間可以住的房子）,There is nothing_.,*我想要幾本書在旅途中看。,Id like_.,a few books to read during the journey,-What do you think of the school?-It is a very good _.A. school to study in B. school for children to studyC. studying school D. school to study,to worry about,The topics to be discussed

8、 at tomorrows meeting is concerned about the Olympics 2008.,（沒有什么可擔(dān)心的）,a room to live in,I came here to see you.He got up early to catch the train.,(6) 狀語 Adverbial,in order to , so as to ,1.表目的,2.表原因,We were very excited to hear the news.,3.表結(jié)果,This room is big enough to hold us.,enoughto, tooto, o

9、nly to, etc.,He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.,Non-finite,1._ late in the morning , Bob turned off the alarm.A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept 2001春季高考 第21題,鞏固練習(xí)2,翻譯：1935年,他離開家再也沒回來。,In 1935 he left home never to return.,1. 作主語,2. 作表語,3. 作賓語,4. 作賓語補(bǔ)足語,5. 作定語,6. 作狀語,在句中

10、承擔(dān)的成分:,Tense and Voice （時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)）,to be doing,to have done,to have been done,-,to have been doing,-,(1).They pretended not to see us.,(2). He pretended to be sleeping.,(3).She pretended to have known it before.,(一般式表示與謂語的動(dòng)作同時(shí)/發(fā)生在它之后.),(在謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的同時(shí),不定式的動(dòng)作也正在進(jìn)行),(完成式表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前),1.The boy pretended _ wh

11、en his mother entered.A. reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read,2. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears_ everything. ( 01年高考) A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told,鞏固練習(xí)3,3. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.(MET93 34) A. to

12、 invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented,4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _ for him without delay.A. to have woven B. to be wovenC. to be weaving D. to weave,who, which, when, how, what,whom,whether 等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語等。,我不知道是否要接受邀請。,I dont know whether to accept the

13、 invitation or not.,(賓語),How to solve the problem is very important.,(主語),如何解決這個(gè)問題很重要。,我的問題是什么時(shí)候開始。,My question is when to start.,(表語),Non-finite,不定式與疑問詞連用:,關(guān)于省略,(1).不定式中的動(dòng)詞上文已出現(xiàn)過,下文要 省略該動(dòng)詞.,e.g.: Would you like to go with me ?,(2). 不定式是to be 結(jié)構(gòu), be 不可省.,e.g.: Would you like to be a teacher?,A. Id l

14、ike to B.Id like to go,Yes, _.,Non-finite,A.Id like to be. B. Id like to.,Yes,_.,1. -Did you get a job? - No, I _ , but its no use.A. expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned,2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _.A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do

15、 not to,鞏固練習(xí)4,不定式用在介詞but, except, besides后時(shí),如果這些介詞前有行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式,那么介詞后的不定式不帶to, 相反則帶to.,(1). She could do nothing but _ .(cry)(2). I have no choice but_. (go)(3).What do you like _ besides_ . (do, sleep),cry,to go,to do,sleep,Non-finite,Exercise,(eat, give up, finish, explain, tell)1.My teacher was m

16、ade _ his teaching because of poor health.,to give up,explaining/to be explained,to be finished,not to eat,3.We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time.,4.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.,2.The sentence wants_once more.,5.I meant _ you about it, but I forgot to do so.,

17、to have told,1. (MET92 14) -I usually go there by train. -Why not _ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going,2.Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle. (MET94 22) A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding,4. She

18、 cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake. (97 上海12) A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned,3. While shopping, people sometime cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. (96上海14) to pursue B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded,5. Robert is said _ ab

19、road, but I dont know what country he studied in.to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying6. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.not make B. not to make C. not making D. dont make,7. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the o

20、ld couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see8. The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.A. who B. when C. how D. why,9. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard.learn B. to learn C. learned D. le

21、arning,10.The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _.turning it off B. turn it offC. to turn it off D. having turned it off,11. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone,12. Ive worked with chi

22、ldren before, so I know what _ in my new job.A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects,13. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking14. The teacher asked us _ so much noise.A. dont make B. not makeC. not making D. not to mak

23、e,不定式作定語時(shí)，應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面，而且放在其他后置定語之后。,1. 不定式做定語與所修飾的詞之間有三種關(guān)系：,(1)動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 I have a lot of work to do. (2)主謂關(guān)系 He is always the first to come. (3)同位關(guān)系We all have a chance to go to college.,固定句型:,had better+ (not) do sth. 最好（不）做某事Why (not) do sth.?prefer to do/prefer doingprefer + n./doing A +to + n./doing B

24、prefer + to do A rather than (to) do Bwould rather (not) do sth.would rather do A than (do) Bwould rather + 句子（過去式） （虛擬語氣） 要做,注意以下幾種情況不定式的用法,*在the first, the second，the last和only之后，只能用to do。 如：He was the last to leave the classroom *如果understand，realize, know用在begin, start, attempt, intend后，只能用to do

25、。 如：I began to understand the truth*表示目的的不定式的否定式一般不用not to do,而用in order not to do或so as not to do。 如：()In order not to be seen, he came into the room through the window ()Not to be seen, he came into the room through the window ()He came into the room through the window so as not to be seen*so as t

26、o do一般不放在句首。 ()He get up at five this morning so as to catch the early bus (X) So as to catch the early bus，he got up at five this morning,My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health.giving up B. to give up C. give up D. given up2.The sentence wants _ once more.explained B. to explain

27、C. being explained D. explaining3.The Arctic is considered _ the northern part of the Atlantic.having been B. to have beenC. to be D. being,B,D,C,4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _ for him without delay.to have woven B. to be wovenC. to be weaving D. to weave5.I found the German language ha

28、rd _.learned B. learning C. to be learned D. to learn6.The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _.turning it off B. turn it offC. to turn it off D. having turned it off,B,D,C,7.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? -The key _ the problem is to meet

29、the demand _ by the customers.to solving, making B. to solving, madeC. to solve, making D. to solve, made8. -What do you think of the school? -It is a very good _.school to study in B. school for children to studyC. studying school D. school to study,B,A,9. -Did you get a job? - No, I _ , but its no

30、 use.expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned10.We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time.to finish B. finishing C. being finished D. to be finished11.-I usually go to Shanghai by train. -Why not _ there by boat for a change?to try to go B. try going C. to try going D. try to go,B,D,B,

31、12._ a living, she had to work from morning till night.To make B. MadeC. Making D. To have made13. I would rather starve to death than _ for food.beg B. begging C. begged D. to beg14.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read,A,A,C,Exercise,1. Rober

32、t is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.not make B. not to make C. not making D. dont make3. Ive worked with children before, so

33、 I know what _ in my new job.expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects,4. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see5. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.it what to do with B. what to do with it C. what to do it with D. to do what with it6. The mother didn