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1、Unit2 Grammar and Usage,Modal verbs,JackI have good news for you!RoseWhat?JackThe educational department has carried out rules to reduce students too much study load. RoseReally? If so, I dont have to stay up late to do so much homework and my mom may allow me to play computer games.JackThe best thi

2、ng I think is that I can have more spare time to take exercise after class.RoseSure. By the way, who is your favorite sports star?JackLiu Xiang, I should say.RoseTell me something about him.JackWell, maybe I can show you some photos.,一. We use modal verbs to talk about:,1. Ability （能力）2. Obligation

3、（義務）3. Certainty （可能性）4. Permission （允許）,二.We also use modal verbs to:,5. Make requests（提出請求）6. Make suggestions（提出建議）7. Make offers（提供幫助）8. Give advice（提出意見）,1.Ability (能力):,Liu Xiang can run the 110m hurdle race within 13 seconds.,can/could:,1. can 一般表示與生俱來的能力或者一種客觀可能性,還可以表示請求和允許 。,Learning Englis

4、h _ be difficult.,can,Man can not live without air.,_ I use your bike?,Can,can/could:,2.在疑問句中，用could可表示請求，語氣較委婉。, _I have the television on? Yes, you _. / No, you _,Could,He asks if he _ smoke here.,could,can/may,cant/Im afraid not,can/could:,3.表示驚異、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度。（主要用在否定句、疑問句或驚嘆句中）,Hes such a nice perso

5、n that he _ commit the crime.,cant,你怎么會如此地粗心！,How can you be so careless!,Can this be true?,can/could:,4. can never/canttoo表示“無論怎樣也不過分”，“越越好” 。,你過馬路的時候再小心也不為過。,You cant be too careful while crossing the road.,Attention:,can/be able to區(qū)別:,Edison always wondered why hens could hatch (孵) chickens while

6、 he was not able to.,Question: Are the two modal verbs interchangeable (互換) ? If not, why?,can表示與生俱來的能力或一種客觀可能，而be able to更加強調(diào)通過后天的學習和努力獲得的能力，或者在某個客觀的場合和背景下，能做到的事情。,Attention:,can/be able to區(qū)別:,A big fire broke out in ABC hotel yesterday. Luckily, everyone _ run out of the building.,was able to,2. S

7、he _ speak both English and French.,can,Im so tired! I have to do the training for at least 10 hours a day!,2.Obligation (義務):,yet he must work hard to win the gold medal.,Although Liu Xiang is so gifted in hurdle race,Attention:,advisability,necessity,ought to/should,have to,must,Your mother brings

8、 you up and takes good care of you, so when she is old, you _ look after her in return.,A.can B.may C.have to D.must,Shi Dongpeng might win a medal at the Olympic Games.,Although the chance of winning a medal is small, Ill try my best!,3.Certainty (可能性) :,Attention:,very uncertain,almost certain,mig

9、ht,should,must,may,could,ought to,will,1.He _ be at home.,2.He _ be at home, for he just called me from his home 15 seconds ago.,A.may B.might C.must,A.may B.might C.must,(can),must 表示肯定的猜測，譯為“一定”，不能用于否定句或疑問句。This must be your pen.He must be doing his homework now.He must have arrived already.,must,

10、must,2. 表示“堅持”（常用于固定句型：if you must do sth. 如果你非得要做某事）,如果你真的要走，那就悄悄離開。,If you must leave, do it quietly.,Attention:,They_ be doing the experiment in the lab.Why？Because the lights are still burning.,A.could B.can C.must D.would,4.Permission (允許):,May I eat KFC if I win the gold medal?,may/might:,1. 表

11、示許可。表示請求、允許時，might比may的語氣更委婉一些。, Might/May I use your computer? Yes, you can. /No, you cant/mustnt.,may/might:,2.用于祈使句中表示祝愿。,3.表示推測、可能（只用于肯定句，疑問句則要用can或could）。,祝你成功！,May you succeed.,He may be very busy now.,May you be happy all your life.,5.Making requests (提出要求):,Can you help me with my training?,

12、I dont know how to use this equipment!,will can could would,informal,formal,6.Making suggestions (提出建議):,Shall we do the training in the morning?,Its too hot to take exercise in the afternoon.,shall:,1.Shall用于第一、第三人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方的意見、向?qū)Ψ秸埵净蛱峁椭?。,1.Shall we begin our lesson? 2.When shall he be allow

13、ed to leave hospital? 3.Shall I carry this bag for you?,shall:,2.Shall用于第二、第三人稱，表示說話人給對方命令、警告、允諾或威脅。,You shall fail if you dont work harder. He shall be punished according to the rule. 等我讀完這本書，就會給他的。,He shall have the book when I finish it.,警告,威脅,允諾,7.Making offers (提供幫助):,Dont worry, dear, I will w

14、ash them right away.,Mom, my dirty clothes have been piled up! I dont have time,will/would:,1. 表示請求、建議等，would比will委婉客氣。,sentence pattern,Would you please,Would you mind,Would rather,Would you like,will/would:,2.表示意志、愿望和決心。,I will never do that again.,will/would:,3.可表示經(jīng)常性、習慣性、傾向性。翻譯為“經(jīng)常、慣于、總是”。,1).Th

15、e old man _have a smoke under a big tree every afternoon after he finished his farm work.,would,2).門就是打不開 !,The door wont open.,will/would:,Attention:,I will go to the park with you tomorrow if you will offer me lunch.,Question: Is this sentence correct? Why?,情態(tài)動詞,表示 “意愿”,8.Giving advice (提出意見):,You

16、 should not/ought not to eat so much before running.,How delicious!,should:,1.Should表示勸告、建議、命令，其同義詞是ought to；在疑問句中，通常用should代替oughtto。,Should I open the window?,我們應當要相互學習。,We should learn from each other.,should:,2.情態(tài)動詞should用于第一人稱時可以表示說話人的一種謙遜、客氣、委婉的語氣。,RoseSure. By the way, who is your idol?JackLi

17、u Xiang, I should say.,I should advise you not to do that again.,3. should表示意外或驚訝 常譯為 “居然，竟然”。 I cant believe such a gentleman should be so rude to the old. 我不敢相信這樣一個紳士居然對老人如此無禮。,should:,4. should 表示猜測時，一般指按經(jīng)驗或邏輯判斷，翻譯成“照說應該，估計，想必”,should:,-When can I come for the photos ? I need them tomorrow aftern

18、oon. -They _be ready by 12 : 00 . A. can B. should C. might D. need,To be continued,三. “情態(tài)動詞+have done”的用法,（1）must have done對過去某事的十分肯定猜測（2）may/might have done對過去某事的可能性猜測（3）cant/couldnt have done對過去某事的否定猜測（4）should/ought to have done過去應該做而未做（5）shouldnt/oughtnt to have done 過去不應該做而實際上做了（6）neednt have

19、done 本沒有必要做的事實際卻做了（7）could have done 本來能夠做的（有能力做）事實際卻未做到,Lets have a try!,Practice,With so much work on hand, you _to see the game last night. A. mustnt go B. could have goneC. shouldnt go D. shouldnt have gone,2. There was plenty of time. She _.A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt have hurriedC. must

20、not hurry D. neednt have hurried,Practice,3. I saw Mary in the library yesterday. -You_ her. She is still abroad.A. mustnt see B. cant have seen C. mustnt have seen D. couldnt see,4. Aunt Mary_the train, otherwise she would have arrived here by now.A. must have missed B. should have missedC. had mis

21、sed D. might miss,四. 可兼做行為動詞的情態(tài)動詞：need 、 dare,情態(tài)動詞 (+動詞原形),行為動詞,need,dare,1.無人稱和數(shù)的變化;,2.尤其用于：,*否定句及疑問句中;,*在if/whether之后;,*或與hardly, never, no one, nobody連用;,3.常以neednt 和darent 的形式出現(xiàn);,4.dare有其過去時dared.,多用于肯定句; (sb.) need to do dare to do(sth.) need to be done (sth.) need doing,He darent speak English

22、 before such a crowd, dare he?,判斷正誤:,He darent to speak English before such a crowd, did he?,These dishes need be cleaned carefully.These dishes need to be cleaned carefully.These dishes need cleaning carefully.,五. 表示否定的情態(tài)動詞的用法: 部分情態(tài)動詞的否定式是情態(tài)動詞中的考點之一。,mustnt 不準, 禁止 neednt 沒必要 ( = dont have to )cant

23、不能; 不可能may not 不可以; 可能不shouldnt 不應該 ( = ought not to ),How can we deal with exercises concerning modal verbs?,Functions & usage of modal verbs,Language context (上下文、語境),Thinking,Functions & usage of modal verbs,Language context (上下文、語境),Homework,Review the usage of modal verbs and finish the exercise paper,Thank you!,