藥物過敏試驗及過敏反應(yīng)的處理課件.ppt
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1、藥物過敏試驗及過敏反應(yīng)的處理藥物過敏試驗及過敏反應(yīng)的處理MedicationallergytestandmanagementofallergicreactionTracyZhaoContent Penicillin allergy test Streptomycin allergy test Tetanus allergy test Cephalosporin allergy test Iodine allergy test Procaine allergy test學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)掌握青霉素過敏試驗方法、結(jié)果判斷、過敏掌握青霉素過敏試驗方法、結(jié)果判斷、過敏反應(yīng)的臨床表現(xiàn)、預(yù)防和急救處理原則。
2、反應(yīng)的臨床表現(xiàn)、預(yù)防和急救處理原則。掌握掌握TATTAT脫敏注射法。脫敏注射法。熟悉青霉素過敏反應(yīng)的原因。熟悉青霉素過敏反應(yīng)的原因。熟悉鏈霉素、破傷風(fēng)抗毒素、普魯卡因、碘熟悉鏈霉素、破傷風(fēng)抗毒素、普魯卡因、碘過敏試驗的方法及結(jié)果判斷。過敏試驗的方法及結(jié)果判斷。Case study:One patient has got penicillin skin test 5min before,now he suddenly feels chest tightness,shortness of breath with pale,cold sweat,his blood pressure is at 10
3、/7.0Kpa(75/52mmHg),pulse is weak.What is this phenomenon?How do you manage it if you are a nurse on duty?.Mnagement of Allergic shockThe most severe alergic reaction is also called anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock1.stop medicine.2.give 0.1%adrenaline(epinephrine)via subcutaneous injection.3.oxygen
4、inhalation.4.anti-allergy5.correction of acidosis.6.expand blood volume.7.resuscitation.8.close observation of diseasevThe sooner that epinephrine is given,the greater the chance for survival過敏反應(yīng)的處理 過敏反應(yīng)的處理 The treatment on anaphylactic shock must be prompt,grasp every minute and second,start rescue
5、 withou moving,adopt effective measures and close observation Have the person lie flat,raise his feet,and cover him or her with a warm blanket.give oxygenGive injection of 0.1%epinephrine 0.5 1ml at onceIf symptoms is not remission,give 0.1%epinephrine 0.5ml every half hour.If cardiac arrest is occu
6、rred,start CPR immediately 腎上腺素是搶救過敏性休克的首腎上腺素是搶救過敏性休克的首選藥物,具有收縮血管、增加外選藥物,具有收縮血管、增加外周阻力、提升血壓、興奮心肌、周阻力、提升血壓、興奮心肌、增加心輸出量以及松弛支氣管平增加心輸出量以及松弛支氣管平滑肌等作用滑肌等作用Give oxygen to improve hypoxia.conduct mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration if Respiratory arrest,give respiratory stimulant Nikethamide,lobelinevia i
7、ntramuscular injection asphyxia induced by Laryngeal edema ,should perform endotracheal intubation or tracheotomy and connect artificial respiratoras soon as possible Anti allergy treatment.Give dexamethasone 5 10mg or hydrocortisone sodium succinate 200 400mg in 5%10%glucose solution 500ml via intr
8、avenous infusionGive antihistamine drugs,promethazine hydrochloride 25 50mg or diphenhydramine 40mg via intramuscular injections Give intravenous infusion of 10%dextrose or Ringers solution.according to doctors orders give dopamine or norepinephrine via intrvenous infusionCorrection of acidosisAcupu
9、ncture of Neiguan Zusanli,Close observation and recording V/S,urinary output,consciousness.Do not move patient before he is not out of danger Evaluate treatment effect,and provide the basis for further management發(fā)生機(jī)制青霉素青霉素機(jī)體皮膚、消化道、呼吸道癥狀及過敏性休克等組織胺緩激肽5-羥色胺血管擴(kuò)張 通透性增強(qiáng) 平滑肌收縮 腺體分泌增加 全抗原Ig E肥大細(xì)胞 嗜堿性粒細(xì)胞 青霉素
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