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1、中考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)：主謂一致中考英語專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)-主謂一致【主謂一致命題】1、 主謂一致的語法一致原則2、 主謂一致的整體一致原則3、 主謂一致的就近一致原則4、 主謂一致的意義一致原則5、 主謂一致的附加原則【考點(diǎn)】 一、由or, either。.。 or. ， neither.。 nor.。 ， not only。but also。 ， whether.or.。.等連接并列主語時(shí)，常采用就近原則,動(dòng)詞與最靠近的主語保持一致. 【考例】Not only Jim but also his sister _a few cities in the south since they came to Chi

2、na臨沂市Awill visit B. has visited Chave visited D visitedNeither Jim nor his cousins _to America, but _of them know the country very well。 0濰坊市Ahave been;a11 B. have been； both C has been； all Dhas been; both二、 the number of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞,主語是the number(數(shù)量),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；a number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞，主語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,a number of作定語, 相當(dāng)

3、于many,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。【考例】Look！ There _ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square. （包頭） A. are a number of deer B。 are a number of deers C. is a number of deer D。 is a number of deersThe number of _ in our class _ fifty。 (煙臺(tái)) A。 student, is B. the students, are C。 the students, is D。 students, are三、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名

4、詞以及名詞性從句作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式?！究祭緼s the saying _,”Where there is a will; there is a way。 ”昆明市A. go B. goes C。 going D. went但what從句作主語而表語是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù). What we badly need here are experienced teachers. 我們這里急需的是有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的教師。 四、and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語?！究祭?Trees and flowers _every year to make our country more beautiful.

5、 陜西A. is planted B。 was planted C。 are planted D. were planted五、表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢、體積或數(shù)字等的詞語作主語且表示總量時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 【考例】 -How much _the shoes？-Five dollars_ enough 青島市Ais；is B are；is Care；are Dis；areHow time flies！ Ten years _ passed。 （天津) A. have B。 has C。 is D. are六、就近原則 -There_ no milk in the fridge. Could yo

6、u get some for me, Dick？ All right, Mum。 福州市A. is B。 are C。 was D. wereNot only Jim but also his sister _a few cities in the south since they came to China臨沂市Awill visit B。 has visited Chave visited D visitedNeither Jim nor his cousins _to America, but _of them know the country very well. 濰坊市Ahave b

7、een；a11 B。 have been； both C has been； all Dhas been； both【語法回顧】主謂一致1。 語法一致的原則 2. 意義一致的原則 3. 鄰近一致的原則謂語受主語支配，須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這叫做主謂一致.主謂一致一般遵循三條原則:語法一致原則，意義一致原則和就近一致原則。在英語中，謂語動(dòng)詞必須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上同主語保持一致，叫做主謂一致。通常采用下列三個(gè)原則來處理，即：語法形式一致的原則、邏輯意義一致的原則、就近（或毗鄰）一致的原則.一、語法形式一致的原則，即在語法形式上取得一致。如:主語為單數(shù)形式,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂

8、語動(dòng)詞也采用復(fù)數(shù)形式.但須注意下列幾種情況:1。以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞短語或從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 例如: Much land has been deserted in this area in the past few years。 To start smoking is quite easy， but to give it up needs courage. Reading English newspapers is a good way of improving you English。 What you need most is to have a good

9、sleep. How you can get there is a problem. 注意：由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，后面的謂語動(dòng)詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式.但若表語是“復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)”時(shí)，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù) .例如：What I bought were three English booksWhat I say and do is （are) helpful for you。2、由and 或both。.and來連接并列主語時(shí),謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Swimming and walking are good exercises.He and I were classma

10、tes when we were at college.Both John and Ann have got penfriends.Both Zhou Lan and Yang Pei like sports注意1）但是，并列主語如果表示同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式（這時(shí)and后的名詞前沒有冠詞）。例如：The manager and secretary was absent at the meeting。The manager and the secretary are busy now.。Their teacher and friend is Mr。 Li。 2)由a

11、nd連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別被no， each, every或many a ，more than one修飾時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 例如:In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education。在我們國(guó)家里,每個(gè)男孩和女孩都有權(quán)利受教育.Each man and each woman is asked to help。 每個(gè)男士和婦女都被請(qǐng)來幫忙。Many a student is having practice in that factory. 許多學(xué)生正在那家工廠實(shí)習(xí)。More than

12、one student is interested in the book。不止一個(gè)學(xué)生對(duì)這本書感興趣。注意 在“more than one單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，若在There be句型中，亦可用復(fù)數(shù).如：There is/are more than one man here。 這兒不止一個(gè)人。3、如果主語是單數(shù)，盡管后面跟有(together) with, as well as, like, but, except, besides，including, no less than, rather than ，as much as,more than，along with in addition

13、to等介詞短語,其謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式；若主語為復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：An English teacher together with some students has climbed to the top of the mountain。一位英語老師和幾個(gè)學(xué)生已經(jīng)爬到了山頂.Mary as well as her friends likes this painting.瑪麗和她的朋友都喜歡這幅畫.No one except my close friends knows anything about this matter.除了我的親密朋友誰也不知道這件事。She, like yo

14、u and Tom， is very tall. 像你和湯姆那樣她很高.4、不定代詞each, either， neither 和由 some， any, no, every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 例如：Each （of us） takes a cup of coffee。(我們)每人喝一杯咖啡。Everyone knows smoking cigarettes is bad for health。大家都知道吸煙不利于身體健康。Nothing is to be done 沒有什么要干的事。Everybody obeys the school rules； anybody w

15、ho breaks the rules is punished。每個(gè)人必須遵守學(xué)校規(guī)則，任何人違反了規(guī)則將受到懲罰。2）若后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，它的謂語動(dòng)詞就要用單數(shù)；若它后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，它的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)都可以.例如:None of the sugar was left。沒有剩下什么糖了。None of us has （have) been to America。我們中沒有人去過美國(guó)。5.不定代詞none 以及由”none/either/neitherof復(fù)數(shù)合詞（或代詞)構(gòu)成的短語作主語時(shí)，謂語用單復(fù)數(shù)均可，這取決于說話人的意思。當(dāng)說話人著眼于“每一個(gè)都不.。.。”或“兩個(gè)中的任

16、何一個(gè)都不。.。.”時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；當(dāng)說話者著眼于“所有的都不。.。.”或“兩個(gè)中的全部都不。.”時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).例如: None know when that was。 （強(qiáng)調(diào)所有的人） 沒人知道這是什么時(shí)候的事。None is so good as he.（強(qiáng)調(diào)每一個(gè)人） 沒有人像他那么好.None of them have / has a car。他們都沒有小汽車。（他們沒有一個(gè)人有小汽車。）Neither of them know / knows the answer.他們兩個(gè)全都不知道答案。(他們兩個(gè)人誰也不知道答案。）Neither of the article is （a

17、re ) interesting。其中沒有哪篇文章有趣。Neither of them have replied. 他們兩個(gè)誰也沒有答復(fù)。Neither of them has replied. 他們兩個(gè)誰也沒有答復(fù).5、在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞that，who,which等作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù),應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致.例如：It sounded like a train which/that was going under my house.那聲音聽起來就像有一列火車從我的房子底下開過似的。People who study the think that there will be anot

18、her big one soon。研究地震的人認(rèn)為不久將還有一次大的地震。The horse which is tied to the tree belongs to John。Those who want to go on a journey please sign your name here.Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun。注意在以“one of the復(fù)數(shù)名詞為先行詞的定語從句中,關(guān)系代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；但如果“one of the復(fù)數(shù)名詞”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)前有the only之類的修飾語時(shí)，其從句的

19、謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 例如:This is one of the questions that have been asked by the studentsBob is one of my friends who are helping me with English。He is the only one of the officers who was invited to the ball here。 The head master is the only one of the teachers who knows Esperanton.6、“a lot of （lots of, plenty

20、 of,a head of，heaps of，the rest(majority) of，some(many，anymore,most,all等)of+名詞構(gòu)成的短語作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與of后面的名詞（短語）保持一致.例如:Some of us do not know much about the theatre。.Some （of the sugar) is wet. Most of the students in our class are league。 Most of the food tastes delicious. Half of the work is left unf

21、inished。.Half of the apples are given to the children。Lots of damage was caused by smoking.Plenty of English books are on the shelf。注意：1)all單獨(dú)作主語表示“人”時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；表示“整個(gè)事件或事情”時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。 如：All are present. 所有的人都出席了.(表人） All is well。 一切都好。 (表示整個(gè)事情或情況）2）“a number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；“The number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，

22、謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：A large number of buildings were burnt down。A number of students in our class are out by the lake。.The number of students in our school is 2500。7、由“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of +名詞（或代詞）”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與of后面的名詞（短語）保持一致。例如：Two thirds of the country is dry or desert. 這個(gè)國(guó)家的三分之二的地方氣候干燥或者是沙漠地區(qū)。Two thirds of

23、the people present are against the plan. 在場(chǎng)的三分之二的人反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃。More than 70 percent of the surface of our earth is covered by water。 我們地球的70的表面被水所覆蓋。30 percent of the students in our class are girls。我們班的30是女生。8、 如果主語是由“a kind of， 或this/that kind of, a series （ a species) of，a pair of等 + 名詞構(gòu)成謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。例如

24、：This kind of men is dangerous.Is this kind of car made in Shanghai ?There is a kind of rose in his garden.This kind of apple/apples is rather expensive。 That kind of snake/snakes is dangerous。 。注意但there/those kinds of復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。 如：There kinds of tests are good . .Those kinds of apple trees h

25、ave not yet grown up.如果種類不是一種而是多種,謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)。例如 ：There are many kinds of pears。二、邏輯意義一致原則,即謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語所表達(dá)的內(nèi)在涵義。常見的有以下幾種情況：1、表示總稱意義形單意復(fù)的名詞，如people， police， cattle 等作主語時(shí),只當(dāng)作復(fù)數(shù)看待,謂語在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Cattle are one cause of the problem。造成戈壁灘的原因之一是牲畜問題.The police are searching for a murderer in that mountain.

26、警察正在山中搜尋一名殺人犯。2、以集體名詞army， class, enemy， family, government, group， team，crew，crowd,public等集體名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語應(yīng)視其情況而用不同形式：當(dāng)作主語被看作一個(gè)整體時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù),如果被看成是其中的個(gè)體成員時(shí)，謂語就用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Our class is better than any other classes at playing basketball in our school。 在打籃球方面，我們班勝過我們學(xué)校的任何一個(gè)班。Our class are playing a basketball match

27、 tomorrow。 我們班同學(xué)明天要舉行一場(chǎng)籃球賽。Our family is not poor any more。 我們家已經(jīng)不再貧困了。My family all speak the Intuit language。我一家人都講因努伊特語.注意population 單獨(dú)使用作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；而前面有some， most 或與分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)連用作主語時(shí)，則謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:Most of the population of the city are workers。One third of the population now smoke.。The population in

28、 our country is very large, and eighty percent of the population are farmers. 3、當(dāng)一些有兩部分構(gòu)成的表示衣物或工具的名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如glasses, trousers（褲子）, shoes ,chopsticks（筷子），goods(貨物）,scissors（剪刀），socks, compasses（圓規(guī)） ,但如果這些名詞前有a pair of，等量詞修飾時(shí)，(clothes被修飾a suit of）,謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式.例如：Your trousers need washing。 。

29、My glasses are new。 A pair of compass is an instrument for drawing circles.圓規(guī)是畫圓的工具。A pair of new shoes is in your suitcase。.Two pairs of socks are enough for me.。4、由“pair, piece of +名詞 / 代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與pair, piece等詞保持一致與后的代詞、名詞無關(guān)。例如：There is a pair of shoes left。The pieces of stone were then carried t

30、o the new place for the temple。所有的石塊被運(yùn)到新建寺廟的地方。5、當(dāng)表示時(shí)間、金錢、距離、重量、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值等數(shù)詞短語作主語，根據(jù)意義一致原則，通常被看作一個(gè)整體,其謂語用單數(shù). 如：Twenty years is a long time to us。 One thousand pounds is a lot of money. 6。某些形復(fù)意單的名詞（如表示人名、地名、國(guó)名及組織、書籍、報(bào)刊等名稱的專有名詞和學(xué)科名詞等）作主語，謂語用單數(shù). 如：Zhangjiajie is really a good place which is famous for its beautiful mountains。張家界的確是個(gè)好地方，它是以美麗的山而聞名的Physics is a difficult subject to learn, I think. The United States is in North America。 News is travelling fas