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1、Unit 8 語(yǔ)法篇_學(xué)生通過(guò)本講學(xué)習(xí)，能夠掌握本單元的重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法，并在綜合能力上有一定的拓展。名詞：1、英語(yǔ)名詞可分專(zhuān)有名詞和普通名詞兩大類(lèi)：（1）、專(zhuān)有名詞是個(gè)別的人、地、物、團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)等的專(zhuān)用名稱(chēng)。專(zhuān)有名詞中實(shí)詞的第一個(gè)字母要大寫(xiě)。如：Beijing, Tom, the Peoples Republic of China(中華人民共和國(guó)) 專(zhuān)有名詞如果是含有普通名詞的短語(yǔ),則必須使用定冠詞the。如：the Great Wall(長(zhǎng)城)姓氏名如果采用復(fù)數(shù)形式,則表示該姓氏一家人(復(fù)數(shù)含義),如：the Greens( 格林一家人)。（2）、普通名詞是許多人或事物的共有名稱(chēng)。如：pupil,

2、 family, man, foot.普通名詞又分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞是可以用簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)詞進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù)的名詞,如： box, child, orange；不可數(shù)名詞是不可以用簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)詞進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù)的名詞。如：water, news, oil, population, information .2、英語(yǔ)可數(shù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)：英語(yǔ)可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。1、名詞由單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的基本方法如下：在單數(shù)名詞詞尾加s。如：map maps,boy boys,horse horses, table tables.s,o,x ,sh,ch結(jié)尾的詞加es.如：classclasses, boxboxes, h

3、eroheroes, dishdishes, benchbenches.注：少數(shù)以o結(jié)尾的詞,變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)只加s。如：photophotos, pianopianos. 有生命加-es, 沒(méi)生命加-s以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,變y為i,再加es。如：familyfamilies, citycities, partyparties.以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞,變f或fe為v,再加es。如：shelfshelves, wolfwolves, lifelives, knifeknives. 妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷嚇得發(fā)了慌，躲在架下保己命，半片樹(shù)葉遮目光。2、不規(guī)則變化：manmen, womanwomen,

4、sheepsheep,toothteeth, fishfish, childchildren, oxoxen, goosegeese不可數(shù)名詞一般沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式,說(shuō)明其數(shù)量時(shí),要用有關(guān)計(jì)量名詞。如：a bag of ricetwo bags of rice, a piece of paperthree pieces of paper, a bottle of milkfive bottles of milk. 3、名詞所有格：名詞所有格表示所屬關(guān)系,相當(dāng)于物主代詞,在句中作定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)。其構(gòu)成法如下：(1)表示人或其它有生命的東西的名詞常在詞尾加s。如：Childerns Day(兒童節(jié)),

5、 my sisters book(我姐姐的書(shū))(2)以s或es結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。只在詞尾加。如：Teachers Day(教師節(jié))(3)有些表示時(shí)間、距離以及世界、國(guó)家、城鎮(zhèn)等無(wú)生命的名詞,也可在詞尾加s. 如：todays newspaper(今天的報(bào)紙), ten minutes break(十分鐘的課間休息),Chinas population(中國(guó)的人口).(4)無(wú)論表示有生命還是無(wú)生命的東西的名詞,一般均可用介詞of短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系。如：a fine daughter of the Party(黨的好女兒).2、注解： s還可以表示某人的家或者某個(gè)店鋪,如：my aunts(我阿姨家

6、), the doctors(診所) 兩人共有某物時(shí),可以采用 A and Bs 的形式,如：Lucy and Lilys bedroom(露西和麗麗合住的臥室) “of+名詞所有格/名詞性物主代詞”,稱(chēng)為雙重所有格,如：a friend of my fathers(我父親的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)4、名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)和謂語(yǔ)之間的單復(fù)數(shù)的一致問(wèn)題：1、謂語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)基本保持單復(fù)數(shù)的一致,即：主語(yǔ)是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式：如：The computer was a great invention.(計(jì)算機(jī)是個(gè)了不起的發(fā)明)The wate

7、r in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷)2、集體名詞(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主語(yǔ)時(shí), 如果表示整體概念,則謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式,如：Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班) 如果表示其中的所有成員時(shí),則謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如：Class Three have a map of China.(三 班有張中國(guó)地圖)3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示單個(gè)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù),表示許多時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。如：The

8、re is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只綿羊) / There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些綿羊)4、maths, news等雖然有s結(jié)尾,但不是復(fù)數(shù),因此謂語(yǔ)仍用單數(shù)：The news is very exciting. (這個(gè)消息令人興奮)5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名詞往往用復(fù)數(shù)形式,故謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。如：The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(褲子很便宜,我想買(mǎi))6、a lot of 后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)

9、數(shù)形式,跟不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。如：A lot of students are playing baseball now.(現(xiàn)在有許多學(xué)生在打壘球) A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的時(shí)間花在了那個(gè)工作上)(被動(dòng)句)7、and 連接兩個(gè)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)原則上用復(fù)數(shù),但是兩個(gè)名詞若構(gòu)成一個(gè)整體事物時(shí),謂語(yǔ)則用單數(shù)。如：The teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老師和他的兒子在摘蘋(píng)果) / Fish and chips is very famous food. (魚(yú)和薯?xiàng)l是一種出名的食品

10、)8、 there be 句型中be的單復(fù)數(shù)一般由靠近的名詞決定。如：There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房間里有一張桌子和四張椅子)9、用bothand連接兩個(gè)事物做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)一般用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都來(lái))10、主語(yǔ)中含有with的短語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)由with之前的人物決定。如：A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road. (一名婦女帶著一

11、個(gè)七歲的孩子(當(dāng)時(shí))就站在路邊)11、eitheror或者 neithernor連接兩個(gè)人物做句子主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)采用就近原則。如：Either you or he is right.(要么是你對(duì),要么是他對(duì)。/你和他有一個(gè)人是對(duì)的) / Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那里) 12、表示一段時(shí)間或長(zhǎng)度概念的復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)。如：Two months is not a short time.(兩個(gè)月不是個(gè)短時(shí)間)Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距離).(兩千千米是相

12、當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的一段距離)13、主語(yǔ)中含有half of / (three quarters)of / all (of) the .等詞語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)由名詞確定,如：Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.(因特網(wǎng)上四分之三以上的信息是用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)的) / A third of the students were playing near the lake.(學(xué)生的三分之一(當(dāng)時(shí))正在湖邊玩耍) / All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(這些

13、河流中的水已經(jīng)被污染了)(被動(dòng)句)但是,population一詞又有特殊情況： Whats the population of China?(中國(guó)人口是多少？)(句子用單數(shù)) / Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人).(這個(gè)城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人)(句子用復(fù)數(shù))一、單項(xiàng)選擇（共5小題；共5.0分） 1. People in America eat much . A. coffeeB. onionsC. beefD. iced water 2. - How many there in the box?-

14、There is only one. A. sandwich isB. sandwiches are C. sandwich areD. sandwichs are 3. Give me onion and a tomato, and I need them to make my sandwich. A. aB. theC. anD. / 4. - What did you have for breakfast?- I had . A. three breadB. three pieces of bread C. three pieces breadD. three pieces of bre

15、ads 5. cheese do you need? A. How manyB. How muchC. HowD. How long二、按要求轉(zhuǎn)換句型（共3小題；共6.0分） 6. The watermelon is 15 yuan. (就劃線部分提問(wèn)) is the watermelon? 7. There are sixty minutes in an hour. (就劃線部分提問(wèn)) are there in an hour? 8. Miss Gao needs 3 spoons of honey. (就劃線部分提問(wèn)) honey Miss Gao need?解析：1.橫線后為much，故

16、為不可數(shù)名詞beef，故選C。2.因?yàn)槭莌ow many，故為可數(shù)名詞，故選B。3. Onion是可數(shù)名詞，同時(shí)為元音發(fā)音開(kāi)頭，故選C。4. Bread為不可數(shù)名詞，因此需要加量詞，故選B。5. Cheese為不可數(shù)名詞，因?yàn)樾枰胔ow much提問(wèn)，故選B。6. 對(duì)錢(qián)提問(wèn)用how much7. 對(duì)可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問(wèn)用how many，故答案為how many minutes8. 對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問(wèn)用how much基礎(chǔ)演練一、單選1. Lets _ banana and apple milk shake.A. make B. makes C. do D. doing2. I need

17、two _.A. teaspoon of honey B. teaspoons of honeys C. teaspoons of honey D. teaspoon of honeys3. _ people are there in your town? One hundred thousand.A. How many B. How much C. How old D. How often4. First put some salt on the water and then _.A. Mix them up B. Mix up them C. Mix it up D. Mix up it5

18、. Here is a recipe _ Super chicken Sandwich.A. at B. in C. for D. on二、適當(dāng)形式填空1. How _ (many/much) yogurt do we need?2. Next you need _ (cut) up three bananas.3. _ (make) dinner is a very interesting thing for me.4. _ (add) the salt to the noodles, please.5. He can drink three cups of _ (juice).6. How

19、 many _ (watermelon) do you want?7. I would like a big bowl of _ (noodles).8. There _ (be) two slices of bread. 9. I dont like _ (some) sugar in the tea.10. I like dessert so I dont like to drink coffee _ (with) sugar.1-5 ACACC 1. much 2. to cut 3. Making 4. Add 5. juice 6. watermelons 7. noodles 8.

20、 are 9. any 10. without鞏固提高1. 我們需要兩茶匙蜂蜜。We need two _ of honey.2. 在頂上放上另外一片面包。Put another slice of bread _ _ _.3. 你想要多少橙汁？ 一杯。 _ _ orange do you want? One cup.4. 這是一份制作草莓冰激凌的食譜。Here is a _ _ strawberry ice cream.5. 你需要幾茶匙黃油？_ _ teaspoons of butter do you need?連詞組句 6. do, make, beef, and, noodles, ho

21、w, you, tomato,_? 7. cut, up, the, green, onions, and, put, them, on, the, pancake _. 8. you, like, cabbage, beef, dumplings, would, some, and,_.9. many, of , do, how, want, cup, coffee, you,_?10. turn, off, the, TV, before, you, go, to, bed,_.1. teaspoons 2. on, the, top 3. How, much 4. recipe, for

22、 5. How, many6. How do you make beef and tomato noodles?7 Cut up the green onions and put them on the pancake.8. Would you like some cabbage and beef dumplings?9. How many cups of coffee do you want?10. Turn off the TV before you go to bed.一、單項(xiàng)選擇（共15小題；共15.0分） 1. - What do you need to make the tomat

23、o noodles?- onion and tomato, please. A. A; aB. An; anC. A; anD. An; a 2. Tom is in good health, because he often exercises and eats a lot of healthy . A. foodB. waterC. pearD. carrot 3. - do you make fruit salad?- First, cut up the apples, bananas and pears. And then. A. WhenB. WhereC. WhyD. How 4.

24、 - What did you eat for breakfast this morning?- Two and some vegetables. A. chickenB. piece of chicken C. pieces of chickenD. pieces of chickens 5. - water do we need to make the soup?- Three cups. A. How manyB. How muchC. How longD. How soon 6. Its dark(暗的) in the room. Please the light. A. turn o

25、nB. turn upC. turn downD. turn off 7. exercise every day, my son. Its good for your health. Dad often said to him. A. TakesB. TakingC. TakeD. To take 8. We must cut the tomatoes and put them the blender. A. off; inB. up; intoC. down; intoD. over; in 9. - Can I help you, sir?- Yeah, but I dont know a

26、 banana milk shake. Maybe you can teach me. A. what to doB. when to makeC. how to makeD. why to do10. - Tom, supper is ready.- I dont want to eat , Mum. Im not feeling well. A. everythingB. nothingC. somethingD. anything11. - How did you celebrate your fathers birthday yesterday?- We celebrated it a

27、 big dinner in a restaurant. A. haveB. to haveC. by havingD. to having12. You may fill the turkey these bread pieces. A. inB. byC. withD. to13. - There little yogurt in the fridge(冰箱). Could you buy some for me, Dick?- All right, Mom. A. isB. areC. amD. have14. Here two cups milk for you. Help yours

28、elf please. A. is; ofB. is; inC. are; ofD. are; in15. - Lets make tomato and beef noodles.- . A. Sounds goodB. Youre welcome C. Thats rightD. Dont worry二、完形填空（共10小題；共15.0分） Pizza is a kind of popular food. It 16 from Italy. The pizza capital of the world is Naples. The worlds first pizza 17 is still

29、 there. It 18 in 1830. The best pizza of today has a(n) 19 history. It was first made by a person 20 Raffaele Esposito in the 1880s. This pizza has the same 21 as the Italian flag. The Italian flag is red, white and 22 . The pizza has red tomatoes, white cheese and green herbs. There are many differ

30、ent kinds of pizza today. We can 23 chicken pizza, vegetable pizza, etc. in the restaurant. Some pizza has tomatoes, and some pizza 24 tomatoes. Most pizza is round, 25 some isnt. You can choose any kind you want.16.A. comeB. comesC. areD. am17.A. theaterB. clubC. trainD. restaurant18.A. opensB. tur

31、ns onC. openedD. turned on19.A. longB. shortC. excitedD. boring20.A. nameB. namesC. namedD. naming21.A. colorsB. shapeC. timeD. recipe22.A. blackB. blueC. yellowD. green23.A. orderB. makeC. doD. sell24.A. hasB. doesnt haveC. isD. isnt25.A. orB. soC. butD. because_三、閱讀與表達(dá)(判斷式)（共5小題；共10.0分） Erica is a

32、 twelve-year-old girl. She can make delicious noodles. Here is her recipe for noodles. Try it and taste for yourself! Soup Ingredients: one cup of orange juice one cup of lemon juice one teaspoon of honey Other Ingredients: noodles salt 3 slices of chicken some strawberries (cut up) some green onion

33、s (cut up) some lettuce 2 slices of cheese Steps: First, mix the orange juice, lemon juice and honey together. Then you have great soup for use! Then, boil the noodles and add some salt into the water. Put the noodles into cold water. Next, put the noodles in a big bowl! Add the chicken slices, stra

34、wberries, green onions and lettuce to the noodles and mix them up. Put the cheese on it. Finally, pour the soup into the noodles. 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，判斷正誤，正確的為T(mén)，錯(cuò)誤的為F。26. Erica can cook delicious noodles.27. Erica uses four ingredients to make the soup.28. Erica doesnt use green onions or tomatoes to cook the no

35、odles.29. The noodles must be cold.30. The last step to make the noodles is to put the cheese on it.四、閱讀理解（共5小題；共10.0分） The food in England is very different from our Chinese food. People in England eat a lot of potatoes. They like to eat them every day. They eat bread for breakfast and usually for

36、another meal. They eat their bread with butter, maybe cheese, or jam(果醬) that we dont eat much in China. Cheese and butter are made from milk. People in England drink a lot of milk, too. They drink cold and hot milk, and they put it in their tea, too. They are the biggest tea drinkers in the world.

37、They like Chinese tea, but they drink mostly strong black tea from India and Sri Lanka. They dont eat much rice. For their main meal, they like meat or fish with potatoes and one or two vegetables. After the main meal they often have something sweet. They call it dessert. They dont have dumplings in

38、 England.31. From the passage we know English food is Chinese food. A. always the same asB. nicer than C. quite different fromD. worse than32. Which of the following isnt English peoples favorite? A. Rice and dumplingsB. Fish and meat C. Potatoes and breadD. Milk and tea33. Most English people drink

39、 tea from . A. ChinaB. America C. India and Sri LankaD. Japan34. We dont eat much in China. A. dumplingsB. vegetables C. bread with butterD. rice35. What do people in England often eat after the main meal? A. Milk with sugar.B. Desserts. C. Strong black tea.D. Fish and meat.五、閱讀與表達(dá)(問(wèn)答式)（共5小題；共10.0分）

40、 Everyone has to eat and drink. But for most people, food is not just a matter of survival(生存). Food brings people together when they come to a dinner or a party. One way or another, food is an important part of your lifestyle. In the U.S., there are fast food restaurants, coffee shops and family restaurants. When you eat outside, you need to know the eating culture. You can find McDonalds and KFC in many countries around the world.