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1、名詞性從句Noun clauses,名詞性從句是由if, whether, that 和各種疑問詞充當(dāng)連接詞所引導(dǎo)的從句，其作用同名詞一樣。包括主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句和同位語從句。,一主語從句主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句，通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1. It 作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較It 作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，無論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí)也可用who。例如：It is a pity that you didn

2、t go to see the film.It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.It is in the morning that the murder took place.(=In the morning the murder took place.)It is John that broke the window.(=John broke the window.),2. 用it 作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)(1) It is 名詞從句It is a fact that 事實(shí)是It is an honor that非常榮幸It is comm

3、on knowledge that是常識(shí)(2) It is 形容詞從句It is natural that 很自然It is strange that奇怪的是,(3) It 不及物動(dòng)詞從句It seems that 似乎It happened that 碰巧(4) It is/was+過去分詞從句It is reported that據(jù)報(bào)道It has been proved that已證實(shí)It is said/thought/hoped/told/believed +that.,3. 主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況 (1) It is said , (reported) 結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可

4、提前。例如：It is said that President Bush will visit our country next week. (right)That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong)(2) It happens that., It occurs that 結(jié)構(gòu)中的“that”從句不可提前。例如：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right)That he failed in the examination o

5、ccurred to him. (wrong),(3) It doesnt matter how/whether 結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如：It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. (right)Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter. (wrong)(4) 含主語從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時(shí)，主語從句不可提前。例如：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right)Is that will rain in the evening likely?

6、(wrong),4. what 與that 在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)的區(qū)別what 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)在從句中1）充當(dāng)句子成分（主、賓、表）；2）本身有詞義。而that 1）只起連接作用；2）本身沒有詞義；3）不在從句中擔(dān)任成分。For example:1) What you said yesterday is right.(=All that you .2) That she is still alive is a puzzle.,你昨天說的話是對的。,她仍活著是一個(gè)謎。,二賓語從句賓語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞（及物動(dòng)詞）或介詞之后。1. 作動(dòng)詞的賓語(1) 由th

7、at引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（that 通?？梢允÷裕?例如：I hear that he joined the army.(2) 由what, whether (if) 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，例如：1) She did not know what had happened.2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.(3) 動(dòng)詞間接賓語賓語從句。例如：She told me that she would accept my invitation.,2. 作介詞的賓語例如：Our success depends on how well we can

8、cooperate with one another.3. 作形容詞的賓語例如：I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake.that 引導(dǎo)的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語：anxious, sure, confident, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, pleased, satisfied, content 等。,4. It 可以作為形式賓語It 不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真正的賓語that 從句則放在句尾，特

9、別是在帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中。 例如：We must make it clear to the public that we are doing an important job.,7. 否定的轉(zhuǎn)移若主句謂語動(dòng)詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。例如：I dont think this dress fits you well.（我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。）,三表語從句表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動(dòng)詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主

10、語連系動(dòng)詞表語從句”。可以接表語從句的連系動(dòng)詞有be, look, remain, seem等.另外，常用的還有the reason is that 和It is because 等結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2) This is why we cant get the support of the people3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4) The reason

11、 why he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.,四同位語從句同位語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。1. 同位語從句的功能同位語從句對于名詞進(jìn)一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由that引導(dǎo)，例如：1) The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general

12、.,2. 同位語在句子中的位置同位語從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。例如：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3. 同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別(1) 定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時(shí)以在從句中作某個(gè)成分（主語或賓語），而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。(2) 定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先行詞加以限定，描述定的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。例如：,1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。）（第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。）（同位語從句，that在句中不作任何成分）,